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MOM
Russian agency overseeing development of spacecraft. Ministry of General Machine Building (Moscow, Russia), Moscow, Russia.
AKA: Minobshchemash. Location: Moskva.
Country:
Russia.
Spacecraft:
Zenit-2 satellite,
Almaz APOS,
Molniya-1,
Meteor,
Voskhod,
N-4,
Venera 3MV-4,
Venera 3MV-3,
Luna E-6LF,
Soyuz 7K-OK,
Soyuz 7K-L1,
Luna E-6LS,
Venera 1V (V-67),
Nauka,
Zenit-2M satellite,
Zenit-4M,
N-6,
Venera 2V (V-69),
Luna Ye-8,
Meteor M 11F614,
Luna Ye-8-5,
Soyuz 7K-L1E,
Zenit-4MK,
Venera 3V (V-70),
LK,
Tselina-D,
Salyut 1,
Soyuz 7KT-OK,
Mars M-71,
Luna Ye-8-LS,
Molniya-2,
Zenit-4MT,
Venera 3V (V-72),
Energia satellite,
Prognoz,
Almaz OPS-2,
Soyuz 7K-T,
Oko,
Almaz OPS,
Salyut 4,
Mars M-73,
Bion,
Raduga,
Soyuz 7K-TM,
Yantar-2K,
Soyuz 7K-T/A9,
Meteor-Priroda,
Soyuz 7K-S,
Luna Ye-8-5M,
Molniya-3,
Venera 4V-1,
Meteor-2,
Zenit-4MKT,
Prognoz SPRN,
Molniya-1T,
Soyuz 7K-MF6,
Ekran,
Zenit-6U,
Zenit-4MKM,
TKS,
Salyut 6,
Progress,
Soyuz T,
Gorizont,
Astrofizika,
Yantar-4K1,
KRT-10,
Resurs F1-17F41,
Resurs-OE,
Yantar-1KFT,
Iskra,
IK-B-1300,
Salyut 7,
Astrozond,
Yantar-4KS1,
Astron,
Venera 4V-2,
Efir,
Zenit-8,
Vega 5VK,
Foton,
Resurs-O1,
Luch,
Mir,
Resurs F1-14F40,
Almaz-T,
Ekran-M,
Kvant,
Resurs F2,
Resurs F1-14F43,
Buran,
Etalon,
Pion,
Raduga-1,
Orlets-1,
Kvant-2,
Granat,
Kristall,
Gamma,
Mak,
Znamya,
Gals,
Elektro,
Spektr,
Prognoz-M,
Meridian.
Flights:
Voskhod 2,
Soyuz 1,
Soyuz 3,
Soyuz 4,
Soyuz 5,
Soyuz 6,
Soyuz 7,
Soyuz 8,
Soyuz 9,
Soyuz 10,
Soyuz 11,
Soyuz 12,
Soyuz 13,
Soyuz 14,
Soyuz 15,
Soyuz 16,
Soyuz 17,
Soyuz 18,
Soyuz 19 (ASTP),
Soyuz 21,
Soyuz 22,
Soyuz 23,
Soyuz 24,
Soyuz 25,
Soyuz T-8,
Soyuz TM-3.
Launch Vehicles:
Proton.
Projects:
ASTP,
Intercosmos,
Luna,
Lunar L1,
Lunar L3,
Mars,
Molniya,
Okean,
Orlets,
Resurs,
RORSAT,
Salyut,
Tselina,
Venera.
1965 March 7 - .
09:07 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 59 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-03-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 1191 . COSPAR: 1965-015A. Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule fitted with airlock mating ring planned for Voskhod-2 spacecraft..
1965 March 12 - .
09:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78.
FAILURE: The escape stage Block L's engine failed to ignite due to failure of a transformer in the power supply of the control system..
Failed Stage: U.
- Cosmos 60 - .
Payload: E-6 s/n 9. Mass: 6,530 kg (14,390 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft: Luna E-6.
Decay Date: 1965-03-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 1246 . COSPAR: 1965-018A. Apogee: 248 km (154 mi). Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Inclination: 64.70 deg. Period: 88.90 min. The stage with the payload remained in Earth orbit as Kosmos-60..
1965 March 18 - .
07:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Voskhod 2 - .
Call Sign: Almaz (Diamond ). Crew: Belyayev,
Leonov.
Backup Crew: Gorbatko,
Khrunov,
Zaikin.
Payload: Voskhod 3KD s/n 4. Mass: 5,682 kg (12,526 lb). Nation: Russia.
Related Persons: Gagarin,
Korolev,
Rudenko,
Tyulin.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Voskhod.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Voskhod 2.
Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Voskhod.
Duration: 1.08 days. Decay Date: 1965-03-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 1274 . COSPAR: 1965-022A. Apogee: 475 km (295 mi). Perigee: 167 km (103 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 90.90 min.
First spacewalk, with a two man crew of Colonel Pavel Belyayev and Lt. Colonel Aleksey Leonov. During Voskhod 2's second orbit, Leonov stepped from the vehicle and performed mankind's first "walk in space." After 10 min of extravehicular activity, he returned safely to the spacecraft through an inflatable airlock.
This mission was originally named 'Vykhod ('Exit/Advance'). It almost ended in disaster when Leonov was unable to reenter the airlock due to stiffness of the inflated spacesuit. He had to bleed air from the suit in order to get into the airlock. After Leonov finally managed to get back into the spacecraft cabin, the primary hatch would not seal completely. The environmental control system compensated by flooding the cabin with oxygen, creating a serious fire hazard in a craft only qualified for sea level nitrogen-oxygen gas mixes (Cosmonaut Bondarenko had burned to death in a ground accident in such circumstances, preceding the Apollo 204 disaster by many years). Additional Details: here....
1965 March 25 - .
10:04 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 64 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 17. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-04-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 1305 . COSPAR: 1965-025A. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1965 April 17 - .
09:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 65 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-04-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 1320 . COSPAR: 1965-029A. Apogee: 315 km (195 mi). Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried weather experiments..
1965 April 23 - .
01:55 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78.
- Molniya 1-01 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1979-08-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 1324 . COSPAR: 1965-030A. Apogee: 39,300 km (24,400 mi). Perigee: 538 km (334 mi). Inclination: 65.50 deg. Period: 707.30 min. First announced launch of Soviet communications satellite. Television programme transmission and long range two way multi channel telephone and telegraph communications. Orbital characteristics after correction of 2 May 1965..
1965 May 7 - .
09:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 66 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 27. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-05-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 1362 . COSPAR: 1965-035A. Apogee: 397 km (246 mi). Perigee: 285 km (177 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 91.30 min. Returned after 8 days. Unsuccessful mission. Parachute deployment failure. Spacecraft destroyed in crash..
1965 May 9 - .
07:49 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78.
- Luna 5 - .
Payload: E-6 s/n 10. Mass: 1,474 kg (3,249 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft: Luna E-6.
Decay Date: 1965-05-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 1366 . COSPAR: 1965-036A. Apogee: 219 km (136 mi). Perigee: 159 km (98 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 88.27 min.
Soft lunar landing attempt. Western observers, among them England's Sir Bernard Lovell, correctly speculated that the craft's mission was a soft landing. After launch fom Baikonur and five successful communications sessions the spacecraft performed a midcourse correction maneuver on 10 May. Unfortunately a problem developed in a flotation gyroscope (it did not have enough time to warm up properly) in the I-100 guidance control unit and control was lost so the spacecraft began spinning around its main axis. It was brought back under control, but at the time of the next maneuver, the main retrorocket system failed due to a ground control error in calculating the setpoints, and the spacecraft, though still headed for the Moon, was far off its intended landing site. Problems again cropped up with the I-100 unit so a retrorocket burn could not take place and Luna 5 impacted the lunar surface some 700 km from the target point at about 19:10 UT on 12 May 1965, becoming the second Soviet probe to hit the Moon. A Soviet announcement gave the impact point as the Sea of Clouds at roughly 31 degrees S, 8 degrees W. (Although a later analysis gave a very different estimate of 8 degrees N, 23 degrees W.)
1965 May 25 - .
10:48 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 67 - .
Payload: Zenit-4. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-06-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 1382 . COSPAR: 1965-040A. Apogee: 351 km (218 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 90.10 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1965 June 8 - .
07:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78.
- Luna 6 - .
Payload: E-6 s/n 7. Mass: 1,440 kg (3,170 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft: Luna E-6.
USAF Sat Cat: 1393 . COSPAR: 1965-044A.
Attempted unmanned lunar soft lander. Tass reported that all onboard equipment was functioning normally. During the mid-course correction on 9 June the main retro-rocket failed to cut off as scheduled and fired until all of its propellant was exhausted, due to an erroneous ground command sent to the timer. This put the spacecraft on a trajectory to miss the Moon. The spacecraft was put through all the motions of an actual landing, jettisoning the lander and deploying the airbags, as an apparently successful practice run for the ground crew despite the fact that it flew by the Moon at a distance of 161,000 km on 11 June. Contact was lost at a distance of 600,000 km from Earth, the spacecraft presumably entering a heliocentric orbit.
1965 June 15 - .
10:04 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 68 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 29. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-06-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 1404 . COSPAR: 1965-046A. Apogee: 306 km (190 mi). Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1965 June 25 - .
09:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 69 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-07-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 1421 . COSPAR: 1965-049A. Apogee: 310 km (190 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1965 July 16 - .
11:16 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
UR-500.
- Proton 1 - .
Payload: N-4 s/n 1. Mass: 8,300 kg (18,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Related Persons: Chelomei.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Proton.
Class: Astronomy.
Type: X-ray astronomy satellite. Spacecraft: N-4 .
Decay Date: 1965-10-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 1466 . COSPAR: 1965-054A. Apogee: 578 km (359 mi). Perigee: 181 km (112 mi). Inclination: 63.40 deg. Period: 92.20 min.
The first launch of the Proton launch vehicle was not without problems. A leak in the oxidiser pipeline resulted in nitrogen tetroxide spilling on electrical wires. The question was: proceed with the launch or abort? Chelomei decided to go ahead, and on 16 July 1965 the first UR-500 successfully launched the Proton 1 satellite. In the first hours after launch specialists from OKB-52 could only receive signals in the first hours that indicated the satellite was 'alive'. However it later functioned normally and provided physics data on ultra-high-energy cosmic particles for 45 days.
At the first launch the rocket was called 'Gerkules' (other sources say 'Atlantis'), as indicated by the large symbol on the second stage skin. This name was however was not taken up.
1965 July 18 - .
14:38 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78.
- Zond 3 - .
Payload: 3MV-4A s/n 3. Mass: 959 kg (2,114 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Mars.
Class: Mars.
Type: Mars probe. Spacecraft Bus: 3MV.
Spacecraft: Mars 3MV-4A.
USAF Sat Cat: 1454 . COSPAR: 1965-056A.
Zond 3 was towards the moon and interplanetary space. The spacecraft was equipped with a TV system that provided automatic inflight film processing. On July 20, during lunar flyby, 25 pictures of very good quality were taken of the lunar farside from distances of 11,570 to 9960 km. The photos covered 19,000,000 km square of the lunar surface. Photo transmissions by facsimile were returned to earth from a distance of 2,200,000 km on July 29 and were retransmitted later from a distance of 31,500,000 km, thus proving the ability of the communications system. After the lunar flyby, Zond 3 continued space exploration in a heliocentric orbit. Those pictures showed clearly the heavily cratered nature of the surface. This mission dramatized the advances in space photography that the U.S.S.R. had made since its first far-side effort six years earlier.
1965 August 3 - .
11:02 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 77 - .
Payload: Zenit-4. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-08-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 1469 . COSPAR: 1965-061A. Apogee: 281 km (174 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1965 August 14 - .
11:16 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 78 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 30. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-08-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 1505 . COSPAR: 1965-066A. Apogee: 379 km (235 mi). Perigee: 330 km (200 mi). Inclination: 69.00 deg. Period: 91.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1965 August 25 - .
10:19 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 79 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-09-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 1523 . COSPAR: 1965-069A. Apogee: 338 km (210 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.90 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1965 September 9 - .
09:36 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 85 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-09-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 1578 . COSPAR: 1965-071A. Apogee: 291 km (180 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1965 September 23 - .
09:07 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 91 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-10-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 1603 . COSPAR: 1965-075A. Apogee: 324 km (201 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1965 October 4 - .
07:56 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Luna 7 - .
Payload: E-6 s/n 11. Mass: 1,504 kg (3,315 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft: Luna E-6.
Decay Date: 1965-10-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 1610 . COSPAR: 1965-077A.
Lunar soft landing attempt. The Luna 7 spacecraft was intended to achieve a soft landing on the Moon. However, due to loss of attitude control during the final approach to the lunar surface, the retrorockets were prevented from firing to slow the spacecraft and it impacted the lunar surface at 9.8 N, 47.8 W in the Sea of Storms on 7 October 1965 at 22:08:24 UT.
1965 October 14 - .
19:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78.
- Molniya 1-02 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1967-03-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 1621 . COSPAR: 1965-080A. Apogee: 39,921 km (24,805 mi). Perigee: 487 km (302 mi). Inclination: 65.20 deg. Period: 718.80 min. France - USSR communications link. Second communications satellite 'Molniya-1'. Television programme transmission and long-range, two-way multi-channel telephone, phototelegraph and telegraph communications..
1965 October 16 - .
08:09 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 92 - .
Payload: Bion precursor. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-10-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 1626 . COSPAR: 1965-083A. Apogee: 331 km (205 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.90 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried weather and biological experiments..
1965 October 28 - .
08:24 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 94 - .
Payload: Bion precursor. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-11-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 1636 . COSPAR: 1965-085A. Apogee: 271 km (168 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried biological experiments..
1965 November 2 - .
12:28 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
UR-500.
- Proton 2 - .
Payload: N-4 s/n 2. Mass: 8,300 kg (18,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Proton.
Class: Astronomy.
Type: X-ray astronomy satellite. Spacecraft: N-4 .
Decay Date: 1966-02-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 1701 . COSPAR: 1965-087A. Apogee: 608 km (377 mi). Perigee: 189 km (117 mi). Inclination: 63.50 deg. Period: 92.50 min. High energy physics laboratory. Investigation of ultra-high-energy cosmic particles. .
1965 November 12 - .
05:02 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78.
- Venera 2 - .
Payload: 3MV-4 s/n 4. Mass: 962 kg (2,120 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Venera.
Class: Venus.
Type: Venus probe. Spacecraft Bus: 3MV.
Spacecraft: Venera 3MV-4.
USAF Sat Cat: 1730 . COSPAR: 1965-091A. Apogee: 315 km (195 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.71 min.
Venera 2 was launched towards the planet Venus and carried a TV system and scientific instruments. On February 27, 1966, the spacecraft passed Venus at a distance of 24,000 km and entered a heliocentric orbit. The spacecraft system had ceased to operate before the planet was reached and returned no data.
1965 November 16 - .
04:19 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78.
- Venera 3 - .
Payload: 3MV-3 s/n 1. Mass: 958 kg (2,112 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Venera.
Class: Venus.
Type: Venus probe. Spacecraft Bus: 3MV.
Spacecraft: Venera 3MV-3.
Decay Date: 1966-03-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 1733 . COSPAR: 1965-092A.
Venera 3 was launched towards the planet Venus. The mission was to land on the Venusian surface. The entry vehicle contained a radio communication system, scientific instruments, electrical power sources, and medallions bearing the coat of arms of the U.S.S.R. The station impacted Venus on March 1, 1966. However, the communications systems had failed before planetary data could be returned.
1965 November 23 - .
03:21 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78.
FAILURE: At T+528 sec, during the final thrust phase of the Block I's 8D715K engine, one of the combustion chambers blew up due to a tear in the fuel pipeline. This resulted in an abnormal separation of the upper stages..
Failed Stage: U.
- Cosmos 96 - .
Payload: 3MV-4 s/n 6. Mass: 960 kg (2,110 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Venera.
Class: Venus.
Type: Venus probe. Spacecraft Bus: 3MV.
Spacecraft: Venera 3MV-4.
Decay Date: 1965-12-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 1742 . COSPAR: 1965-094A. Apogee: 296 km (183 mi). Perigee: 222 km (137 mi). Inclination: 51.90 deg. Period: 89.70 min. The escape stage Block L entered parking orbit tumbling and was not able to operate properly..
1965 November 27 - .
08:24 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 98 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 31. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-12-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 1780 . COSPAR: 1965-097A. Apogee: 547 km (339 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 92.10 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1965 December 3 - .
10:46 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78.
- Luna 8 - .
Payload: E-6 s/n 12. Mass: 1,550 kg (3,410 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft: Luna E-6.
Decay Date: 1965-12-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 1810 . COSPAR: 1965-099A.
Lunar soft landing attempt failed. Luna 8's objectives were to test a soft lunar landing system and scientific research. Weighing 1,552 kg (3,422 lbs), the spacecraft was following a trajectory close to the calculated one and the equipment was functioning normally. However, a puncture to a cushioning airbag caused the spacecraft to spin, losing attitude control and preventing full firing of the retrorockets. The spacecraft impacted the lunar surface at 9.1 N, 63.3 W in the Sea of Storms at 21:51:30 UT on 6 December 1965. The mission did complete the experimental development of the star-orientation system and ground control of radio equipment, flight trajectory, and other instrumentation.
1965 December 10 - .
08:09 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 99 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 32. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-12-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 1817 . COSPAR: 1965-103A. Apogee: 309 km (192 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1965 December 17 - .
02:24 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 100 - .
Payload: Meteor no. 3. Mass: 4,730 kg (10,420 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft: Meteor.
Decay Date: 2002-02-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 1843 . COSPAR: 1965-106A. Apogee: 547 km (339 mi). Perigee: 485 km (301 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 95.00 min. Probable weather satellite. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. .
1965 December 27 - .
22:19 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A510.
- Cosmos 102 - .
Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: RORSAT.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Naval Radarsat. Spacecraft Bus: Kosmoplan.
Spacecraft: US-A.
Decay Date: 1966-01-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 1867 . COSPAR: 1965-111A. Apogee: 267 km (165 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.20 min. Prototype RORSAT hardware using chemical batteries in place of nuclear reactor..
1966 January 7 - .
08:24 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 104 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 36. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-01-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 1903 . COSPAR: 1966-001A. Apogee: 379 km (235 mi). Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 90.20 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Program not completely met. Spacecraft put into incorrect orbit by abnormal function of second and third stages of booster..
1966 January 22 - .
08:38 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 105 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 38. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-01-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 1945 . COSPAR: 1966-003A. Apogee: 311 km (193 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1966 January 31 - .
11:41 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Luna 9 - .
Payload: E-6M s/n 13. Mass: 1,580 kg (3,480 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft: Luna E-6.
Decay Date: 1966-02-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 1954 . COSPAR: 1966-006A.
Soft landed on Moon; photographed surface for 3 days. Landed on Moon 3 February 1966 at 18:44:52 GMT, Latitude 7.08 N, Longitude 295.63 E - Oceanus Procellarum. The Luna 9 spacecraft was the first spacecraft to achieve a lunar soft landing and to transmit photographic data to Earth. Seven radio sessions, totaling 8 hours and 5 minutes, were transmitted as were three series of TV pictures. When assembled, the photographs provided a panoramic view of the nearby lunar surface. The pictures included views of nearby rocks and of the horizon 1.4 Km away from the spacecraft.
1966 February 10 - .
08:52 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 107 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 34. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-02-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 1998 . COSPAR: 1966-010A. Apogee: 313 km (194 mi). Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1966 February 19 - .
08:52 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 109 - .
Payload: Bion precursor. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-02-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 2019 . COSPAR: 1966-014A. Apogee: 288 km (178 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.40 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried biological experiments..
1966 February 22 - .
20:09 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 110 - .
Payload: Voskhod 3KV s/n 5. Mass: 5,700 kg (12,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Related Persons: Beregovoi,
Shatalov,
Shonin,
Volynov.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Voskhod.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Voskhod 3.
Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Voskhod.
Duration: 20.69 days. Decay Date: 1966-03-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 2070 . COSPAR: 1966-015A. Apogee: 887 km (551 mi). Perigee: 181 km (112 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 95.30 min.
Successfully recovered March 15, 1966 13:00 GMT. Precursor mission for Voskhod 3 hardware. Two dogs carried into lower Van Allen radiation belts.
Officially: Biological research.
Voskhod s/n 5 launched at 23:10 Moscow time, with two dogs, Veterka and Ygolka, aboard. This will be a 25-day mission. Kamanin is disgusted, he had proposed this as a 25-day mission by a single cosmonaut, but Korolev had constantly held with the 'dog variant'. Preparations for Voskhod-3 are proceeding well. The prime and back-up crews have completed their training and will take their examinations on 28 February. Parallel trials of the oxygen regeneration system at IMBP and OKB-124 both went well (IMBP, 12 days so far, temperature 16-24 deg C, 70% humidity; OKB-124, 10 days so far, temperature 18-16 deg C, 65% humidity).
1966 March 17 - .
10:28 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 112 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 37. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-03-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 2107 . COSPAR: 1966-021A. Apogee: 664 km (412 mi). Perigee: 214 km (132 mi). Inclination: 72.00 deg. Period: 93.30 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1966 March 21 - .
09:36 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 113 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-03-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 2114 . COSPAR: 1966-023A. Apogee: 314 km (195 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1966 April 6 - .
11:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 114 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-04-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 2133 . COSPAR: 1966-028A. Apogee: 337 km (209 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1966 April 20 - .
10:48 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 115 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 35. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-04-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 2147 . COSPAR: 1966-033A. Apogee: 283 km (175 mi). Perigee: 189 km (117 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.20 min. . Program partially completed. Abnormal operation of SA-10 camera..
1966 April 25 - .
07:12 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78.
- Molniya 1-03 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1973-06-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 2151 . COSPAR: 1966-035A. Apogee: 39,414 km (24,490 mi). Perigee: 546 km (339 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 709.80 min. Also transmitted cloud cover images. Television programme transmission and long-range two-way multi-channel telephone, phototelegraph and telegraph communicaitons. .
1966 May 6 - .
11:02 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 117 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 39. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-05-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 2163 . COSPAR: 1966-037A. Apogee: 314 km (195 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1966 May 11 - .
14:09 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 118 - .
Payload: Meteor no. 4. Mass: 4,730 kg (10,420 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft: Meteor.
Decay Date: 1988-11-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 2168 . COSPAR: 1966-038A. Apogee: 339 km (210 mi). Perigee: 316 km (196 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 91.10 min. Probable weather satellite. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. .
1966 June 8 - .
11:02 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 120 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 41. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-06-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 2196 . COSPAR: 1966-050A. Apogee: 331 km (205 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1966 June 17 - .
11:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 121 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-06-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 2210 . COSPAR: 1966-054A. Apogee: 327 km (203 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1966 June 25 - .
10:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 122 - .
Payload: Meteor no. 5. Mass: 4,730 kg (10,420 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft: Meteor.
Decay Date: 1989-11-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 2254 . COSPAR: 1966-057A. Apogee: 388 km (241 mi). Perigee: 371 km (230 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 92.10 min. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. .
1966 July 6 - .
12:57 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
UR-500.
- Proton 3 - .
Payload: N-4 s/n 4. Mass: 8,300 kg (18,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Proton.
Class: Astronomy.
Type: X-ray astronomy satellite. Spacecraft: N-4 .
Decay Date: 1966-09-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 2290 . COSPAR: 1966-060A. Apogee: 594 km (369 mi). Perigee: 185 km (114 mi). Inclination: 63.50 deg. Period: 92.30 min. Space station 'Proton 3'. Investigation of ultra high energy cosmic particles .
1966 July 14 - .
10:33 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 124 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 42. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-07-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 2325 . COSPAR: 1966-064A. Apogee: 282 km (175 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1966 July 20 - .
09:07 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A510.
- Cosmos 125 - .
Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: RORSAT.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Naval Radarsat. Spacecraft Bus: Kosmoplan.
Spacecraft: US-A.
Decay Date: 1966-08-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 2351 . COSPAR: 1966-067A. Apogee: 260 km (160 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Prototype RORSAT hardware using chemical batteries in place of nuclear reactor. Lost on the 52nd revolution as a result of a possible failure in the chemical power units placed on board instead of the nuclear BES-5..
1966 July 28 - .
10:48 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 126 - .
Payload: Zenit-4. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 9.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-08-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 2368 . COSPAR: 1966-068A. Apogee: 343 km (213 mi). Perigee: 209 km (129 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 90.10 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1966 August 8 - .
11:16 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 127 - .
Payload: Zenit-4. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-08-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 2391 . COSPAR: 1966-071A. Apogee: 263 km (163 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.10 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1966 August 24 - .
08:03 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
Launch Pad: LC31?.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Luna 11 - .
Payload: E-6LF s/n 101. Mass: 1,638 kg (3,611 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft Bus: Luna E-6.
Spacecraft: Luna E-6LF.
USAF Sat Cat: 2406 . COSPAR: 1966-078A.
Automatic station Luna 11. Further development of artificial lunar satellite systems and conduct of scientific experiments in circumlunar space. Lunar orbit 160 km x 1200 km x 27 degrees. Luna 11 was launched towards the Moon from an earth-orbiting platform and entered lunar orbit on August 28, 1966. The objectives of the mission included the study of: (1) lunar gamma- and X-ray emissions in order to determine the Moon's chemical composition; (2) lunar gravitational anomalies; (3) the concentration of meteorite streams near the Moon; and, (4) the intensity of hard corpuscular radiation near the Moon. A total of 137 radio transmissions and 277 orbits of the Moon were completed before the batteries failed on October 1, 1966.
1966 August 27 - .
09:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1?.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 128 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-09-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 2409 . COSPAR: 1966-079A. Apogee: 343 km (213 mi). Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 90.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1966 October 14 - .
12:13 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 129 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 33. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 7.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-10-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 2491 . COSPAR: 1966-091A. Apogee: 288 km (178 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1966 October 20 - .
07:55 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78.
- Molniya 1-04 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1968-09-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 2501 . COSPAR: 1966-092A. Apogee: 39,689 km (24,661 mi). Perigee: 500 km (310 mi). Inclination: 65.30 deg. Period: 714.40 min. Television programme transmission and long-range two-way multi-channel telephone, phototelegraph and telegraph communicaitons..
1966 October 20 - .
08:52 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 130 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-10-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 2502 . COSPAR: 1966-093A. Apogee: 316 km (196 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1966 October 22 - .
08:42 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Luna 12 - .
Payload: E-6LF s/n 102. Mass: 1,620 kg (3,570 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft Bus: Luna E-6.
Spacecraft: Luna E-6LF.
USAF Sat Cat: 2508 . COSPAR: 1966-094A.
Lunar Orbiter, further development of artificial lunar satellite systems and conduct of scientific experiments in circumlunar space. Luna 12 was launched towards the Moon from an earth-orbiting platform and achieved a lunar orbit of of 100 km x 1740 km on October 25, 1966. The spacecraft was equipped with a television system that obtained and transmitted photographs of the lunar surface. The photographs contained 1100 scan lines with a maximum resolution of 14.9--19.8 m. Pictures of the lunar surface were returned on October 27, 1966. According to contemporary US intelligence sources, only four pictures were returned. Radio transmissions from Luna 12 ceased on January 19, 1967, after 602 lunar orbits and 302 radio transmissions.
1966 November 12 - .
09:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 131 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-11-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 2568 . COSPAR: 1966-105A. Apogee: 335 km (208 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1966 November 19 - .
08:09 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 132 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 46. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-11-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 2599 . COSPAR: 1966-106A. Apogee: 257 km (159 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1966 November 28 - .
11:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Cosmos 133 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-OK (A) s/n 2. Mass: 6,450 kg (14,210 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Soyuz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK.
Duration: 1.97 days. Decay Date: 1966-11-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 2601 . COSPAR: 1966-107A. Apogee: 219 km (136 mi). Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 88.40 min.
First test flight of Soyuz 7K-OK earth orbit spacecraft. A planned 'all up' test, with a second Soyuz to be launched the following day and automatically dock with Kosmos 133. This was to be followed by a manned link-up in December 1966. However Kosmos 133's attitude control system malfunctioned, resulting in rapid consumption of orientation fuel, leaving it spinning at 2 rpm. After heroic efforts by ground control and five attempts at retrofire over two days, the craft was finally brought down for a landing on its 33rd revolution. However due to the inaccuracy of the reentry burn, it was determined that the capsule would land in China. The APO self destruct system detected the course deviation and the destruct charge of several dozen kilogrammes of explosive was thought to have destroyed the ship on November 30, 1966 at 10:21 GMT. But stories persisted over the years of the Chinese having a Soyuz capsule in their possession....
1966 December 3 - .
08:09 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 134 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-12-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 2603 . COSPAR: 1966-108A. Apogee: 286 km (177 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried scientific experiments..
1966 December 19 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 136 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 47. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-12-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 2624 . COSPAR: 1966-115A. Apogee: 281 km (174 mi). Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Inclination: 64.60 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Also carried science package..
1967 January 19 - .
12:39 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 138 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 43. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-01-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 2646 . COSPAR: 1967-004A. Apogee: 273 km (169 mi). Perigee: 190 km (110 mi). Inclination: 64.60 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1967 February 7 - .
03:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Cosmos 140 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-OK (P) s/n 3. Mass: 6,450 kg (14,210 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Soyuz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK.
Duration: 1.98 days. Decay Date: 1967-02-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 2667 . COSPAR: 1967-009A. Apogee: 216 km (134 mi). Perigee: 169 km (105 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.30 min.
After the self-destruction of the first Soyuz 7K-OK on re-entry, and the loss of the second one on the pad fire in December, the state commission ruled that the third 7K-OK model would be flown unpiloted on a solo mission. If this was successful then the fourth and fifth Soyuz would be flown on a manned docking mission. Once in orbit Cosmos 140 experienced attitude control problems due to a faulty star sensor resulting in excessive fuel consumption. The spacecraft couldn't keep the required orientation towards the sun to keep the solar panels illuminated, and the batteries discharged. Despite all of these problems the spacecraft remained controllable. An attempted manoeuvre on the 22nd revolution still showed problems with the control system. It malfunctioned yet again during retrofire, leading to a steeper than planned uncontrolled ballistic re-entry. The re-entry capsule itself had depressurised on separation from the service module due to a fault in the base of the capsule. A 300 mm hole burned through in the heat shield during re-entry. Although such events would have been lethal to any human occupants, the capsule's recovery systems operated and the capsule crashed through the ice of the frozen Aral Sea, 3 km from shore and 500 kilometres short of the intended landing zone. The spacecraft finally sank in 10 meters of water and had to be retrieved by divers. Still, the mission was deemed 'good enough' for the next mission to be a manned two-craft docking and crew transfer space spectacular. Mishin and Kamanin felt that a human crew could have sorted out the problems. They were also under intense pressure to achieve a manned circumlunar flight before the 50th Anniversary of the Soviet Revolution in October.
1967 February 8 - .
10:19 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 141 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-02-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 2670 . COSPAR: 1967-012A. Apogee: 316 km (196 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1967 February 27 - .
08:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 143 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 45. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-03-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 2693 . COSPAR: 1967-017A. Apogee: 390 km (240 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 90.50 min. Placed into orbit with 22.8 second period different from that planned. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Also carried science package..
1967 February 28 - .
14:34 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 144 - .
Payload: Meteor no. 6. Mass: 4,730 kg (10,420 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft: Meteor.
Decay Date: 1982-09-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 2695 . COSPAR: 1967-018A. Apogee: 644 km (400 mi). Perigee: 574 km (356 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 96.90 min. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. .
1967 March 10 - .
11:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Cosmos 146 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-L1P s/n 2P. Mass: 5,017 kg (11,060 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Lunar L1.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1.
Duration: 7.90 days. Decay Date: 1967-03-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 2705 . COSPAR: 1967-021A. Apogee: 312 km (193 mi). Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Inclination: 51.50 deg. Period: 89.30 min.
Protoype Soyuz 7K-L1P launched by Proton into planned highly elliptical earth orbit. The first flight four-stage Proton rocket began assembly on 21 November 1966, with mechanical assembly completed by 29 November. Electrical connections and tests were completed by 4 December 1966. Due to New Year's holidays work did not resume until 28 January 1967. By 28 February the fully assembled booster / spacecraft unit was completed in the MIK, including the 7K-L1P boilerplate spacecraft. The launch tower was added on 2 March 1967 and the system was declared ready for launch. A serious potential problem during preparations was the discovery that fuel gases could lead to pump cavitation at the turbine exits. Tests on the ground showed that the problem was not the fuel itself, but in the monitoring equipment. The launch vehicle and Block D stage functioned correctly and put the spacecraft into a translunar trajectory. The spacecraft was not aimed at the moon, did not have a heat shield for reentry, and no recovery was planned or attempted. A successful launch that created false confidence just before the string of failures that would follow.
1967 March 13 - .
12:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 147 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 44. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-03-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 2710 . COSPAR: 1967-022A. Apogee: 298 km (185 mi). Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Inclination: 64.50 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Program partially completed..
1967 March 22 - .
12:44 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 150 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-03-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 2715 . COSPAR: 1967-025A. Apogee: 341 km (211 mi). Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1967 April 4 - .
14:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 153 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 48. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-04-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 2740 . COSPAR: 1967-030A. Apogee: 279 km (173 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 64.60 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Program partially completed. Failure of primary SA-20 camera..
1967 April 12 - .
10:51 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 155 - .
Payload: Zenit-4. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-04-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 2750 . COSPAR: 1967-033A. Apogee: 267 km (165 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1967 April 23 - .
00:35 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Soyuz 1 - .
Call Sign: Rubin (Ruby ). Crew: Komarov.
Backup Crew: Gagarin.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-OK s/n 4. Mass: 6,450 kg (14,210 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Soyuz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 1,
Soyuz 2A.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK.
Duration: 1.12 days. Decay Date: 1967-04-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 2759 . COSPAR: 1967-037A. Apogee: 223 km (138 mi). Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Inclination: 50.80 deg. Period: 88.70 min.
Space disaster that put back Soviet lunar program 18 months. Soyuz 1 as active spacecraft was launched first. Soyuz 2, with a 3 man crew would launch the following day, with 2 cosmonauts spacewalking to Soyuz 1. However immediately after orbital insertion Komarov's problems started. One of the solar panels failed to deploy, staying wrapped around the service module. Although only receiving half of the planned solar power, an attempt was made to manoeuvre the spacecraft. This failed because of interference of the reaction control system exhaust with the ion flow sensors that were one of the Soyuz' main methods of orientation. Additional Details: here....
1967 April 27 - .
12:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 156 - .
Payload: Meteor no. 7. Mass: 4,730 kg (10,420 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft: Meteor.
Decay Date: 1989-10-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 2762 . COSPAR: 1967-039A. Apogee: 375 km (233 mi). Perigee: 368 km (228 mi). Inclination: 81.10 deg. Period: 92.00 min. Worked with Cosmos 144. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. .
1967 May 12 - .
10:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92.
- Cosmos 157 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 49. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-05-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 2781 . COSPAR: 1967-044A. Apogee: 262 km (162 mi). Perigee: 249 km (154 mi). Inclination: 51.30 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Program partially completed. Bad quality film loaded into SA-20 camera..
1967 May 16 - .
21:43 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 159 - .
Payload: E-6LS s/n 111. Mass: 4,490 kg (9,890 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Lunar L1.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Flight: Soyuz 7K-L1 mission 1.
Spacecraft Bus: Luna E-6.
Spacecraft: Luna E-6LS.
Decay Date: 1977-11-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 2805 . COSPAR: 1967-046A. Apogee: 60,637 km (37,678 mi). Perigee: 350 km (210 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 1,174.20 min. The E-6LS was a radio-equipped version of the E-6 used to test tracking and communications networks for the Soviet manned lunar program. The payload entered the desired orbit as Kosmos-159..
1967 May 22 - .
14:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 161 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-05-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 2812 . COSPAR: 1967-049A. Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 65.60 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1967 May 24 - .
22:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78.
- Molniya 1-05 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1971-11-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 2822 . COSPAR: 1967-052A. Apogee: 35,690 km (22,170 mi). Perigee: 90 km (55 mi). Inclination: 64.60 deg. Period: 627.00 min. Further development and experimental operation of long-range two-way television and telephone-telegraph radio-communication..
1967 June 1 - .
10:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 162 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-06-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 2827 . COSPAR: 1967-054A. Apogee: 275 km (170 mi). Perigee: 196 km (121 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1967 June 8 - .
13:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 164 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 50. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 6.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-06-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 2836 . COSPAR: 1967-057A. Apogee: 317 km (196 mi). Perigee: 185 km (114 mi). Inclination: 65.60 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1967 June 12 - .
02:39 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Venera 4 - .
Payload: 1V (V-67) s/n 310. Mass: 1,104 kg (2,433 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Venera.
Class: Venus.
Type: Venus probe. Spacecraft Bus: 2MV.
Spacecraft: Venera 1V.
Decay Date: 1967-10-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 2840 . COSPAR: 1967-058A.
Venera 4 was successfully launched towards the planet Venus with the announced mission of direct atmospheric studies. On October 18, 1967, the descent vehicle entered the Venusian atmosphere. Signals were returned by the spacecraft, which deployed a parachute after braking to subsonic velocity in the Venusian atmosphere, until it reached an altitude of 24.96 km.
1967 June 17 - .
02:36 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
FAILURE: Stage 4's engine 11D33 failed to ignite because the turbopump had not been cooled before ignition..
Failed Stage: U.
- Cosmos 167 - .
Payload: 1V (V-67) s/n 311. Mass: 1,106 kg (2,438 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Venera.
Class: Venus.
Type: Venus probe. Spacecraft Bus: 2MV.
Spacecraft: Venera 1V.
Decay Date: 1967-06-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 2852 . COSPAR: 1967-063A. Apogee: 264 km (164 mi). Perigee: 211 km (131 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.20 min.
Suggestions for the cause of the failure included incorrect soldering of wires in multiple pin plugs, wrong attachments of the plugs to the pyrotechnic connectors, or a mix-up of the pyrotechnic connectors during assembly.. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
1967 July 4 - .
05:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 168 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 52. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-07-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 2869 . COSPAR: 1967-067A. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). Perigee: 223 km (138 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1967 August 9 - .
05:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1/LC31?.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 172 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-08-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 2914 . COSPAR: 1967-078A. Apogee: 277 km (172 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1967 August 31 - .
08:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1/LC31?.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78.
- Cosmos 174 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1968-12-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 2925 . COSPAR: 1967-082A. Apogee: 39,796 km (24,728 mi). Perigee: 430 km (260 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 715.00 min. Probable commsat failure. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space..
1967 September 11 - .
10:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 175 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-09-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 2939 . COSPAR: 1967-085A. Apogee: 356 km (221 mi). Perigee: 181 km (112 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1967 September 16 - .
06:06 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 177 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 53. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-09-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 2947 . COSPAR: 1967-088A. Apogee: 267 km (165 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1967 September 26 - .
10:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 180 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 54. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-10-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 2966 . COSPAR: 1967-093A. Apogee: 350 km (210 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 90.10 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1967 October 3 - .
05:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78.
- Molniya 1-06 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1969-03-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 2973 . COSPAR: 1967-095A. Apogee: 39,709 km (24,673 mi). Perigee: 508 km (315 mi). Inclination: 64.70 deg. Period: 714.90 min. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1967 October 11 - .
11:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 181 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 55. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-10-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 2981 . COSPAR: 1967-097A. Apogee: 325 km (201 mi). Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Inclination: 65.60 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1967 October 16 - .
08:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 182 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-10-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 2995 . COSPAR: 1967-098A. Apogee: 374 km (232 mi). Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 90.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1967 October 22 - .
08:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78.
- Molniya 1-07 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1969-12-31 . USAF Sat Cat: 3008 . COSPAR: 1967-101A. Apogee: 39,709 km (24,673 mi). Perigee: 508 km (315 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 714.90 min. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1967 October 24 - .
22:49 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 184 - .
Payload: Meteor no. 8. Mass: 4,730 kg (10,420 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft: Meteor.
Decay Date: 1989-04-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 3010 . COSPAR: 1967-102A. Apogee: 414 km (257 mi). Perigee: 409 km (254 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 92.80 min. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. .
1967 October 27 - .
09:29 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Cosmos 186 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-OK (A) s/n 6. Mass: 6,530 kg (14,390 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Soyuz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK.
Duration: 3.95 days. Decay Date: 1967-10-31 . USAF Sat Cat: 3014 . COSPAR: 1967-105A. Apogee: 223 km (138 mi). Perigee: 179 km (111 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.60 min.
Docked with Cosmos 188; first automated rendezvous and docking of two spacecraft. The dockings were timed to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the October Revolution (in lieu of a succession of manned space feats that all had to be cancelled due to schedule delays). Achieved automatic rendezvous on second attempt. Capture achieved but hard docking and electric connections unsuccessful due to misallignment of spacecraft. Star tracker failed and had to make a high-G ballistic re-entry. Recovered October 31, 1967 08:20 GMT.
1967 October 30 - .
08:12 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Cosmos 188 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-OK (P) s/n 5. Mass: 6,530 kg (14,390 lb). Nation: Russia.
Related Persons: Mishin,
Mnatsakanian.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Soyuz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK.
Duration: 3.04 days. Decay Date: 1967-11-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 3020 . COSPAR: 1967-107A. Apogee: 247 km (153 mi). Perigee: 180 km (110 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.70 min.
Docking target craft for Cosmos 186, which achieved world's first automatic rendezvous on second attempt. Hard docking achieved but electric connections unsuccessful due to misallignment of spacecraft. Ion flow sensor failed and Cosmos 188 had to make a high-G uncontrolled re-entry. When it deviated too far off course, it was destroyed by the on-board self-destruct system,. However officially the Soviet Union reported that it landed succesfully on November 2, 1967 at 09:10 GMT, and that its mission was 'investigation of outer space, development of new systems and elements to be used in the construction of space devices'. Additional Details: here....
1967 November 3 - .
11:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 190 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-11-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 3026 . COSPAR: 1967-110A. Apogee: 327 km (203 mi). Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Inclination: 65.60 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1967 November 25 - .
11:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 193 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 58. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-12-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 3052 . COSPAR: 1967-117A. Apogee: 756 km (469 mi). Perigee: 745 km (462 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 99.90 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1967 December 3 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 194 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-12-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 3055 . COSPAR: 1967-119A. Apogee: 312 km (193 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 65.60 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1967 December 16 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 195 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 57. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-12-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 3071 . COSPAR: 1967-124A. Apogee: 352 km (218 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.60 deg. Period: 90.00 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1968 January 16 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 199 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 59. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 16.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-02-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 3099 . COSPAR: 1968-003C. Apogee: 363 km (225 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.60 deg. Period: 90.20 min.
Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Unsuccessful mission. Spacecraft failed to separate from Block I stage. Attempt was made to conduct mission without orientation system. APO self destruct system destroyed spacecraft on 126th revolution over Sea of Okhotsk. First generation, low resolution photo surveillance; recovery probably failed.
1968 February 6 - .
08:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 201 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-02-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 3118 . COSPAR: 1968-009A. Apogee: 334 km (207 mi). Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.90 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1968 March 2 - .
18:29 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Zond 4 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-L1 s/n 6L. Mass: 5,390 kg (11,880 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Lunar L1.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1 .
Duration: 5.22 days. Decay Date: 1968-03-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 3134 . COSPAR: 1968-013A. Apogee: 400,000 km (240,000 mi). Perigee: 191 km (118 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 15,561.71 min.
What at first seemed to be a success, very much needed by the L1 program, ended in failure. The Proton booster lifted off in 18 m/s winds, -3 deg C temperatures, and into very low clouds - it disappeared from view at only 150 m altitude. Aircraft at 9, 10, and 11 km altitude reported the cloud deck topped 8300 m, with 1.5 to 2.0 km visibility. The spacecraft was successfully launched into a 330,000 km apogee orbit 180 degrees away from the moon. On reentry, the guidance system failed, and the planned double skip maneuver to bring the descent module to a landing in the Soviet Union was not possible. Ustinov had ordered the self-destruct package to be armed and the capsule blew up 12 km above the Gulf of Guinea. Kamanin disagreed strongly with this decision; the spacecraft could have still been recovered in the secondary area by Soviet naval vessels after a 20 G reentry. The decsion was made to recover the spacecraft in the future whenever possible.
Officially: Solar Orbit (Heliocentric). Study of remote regions of circumterrestrial space, development of new on-board systems and units of space stations.
1968 March 5 - .
12:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 205 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 56. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-03-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 3140 . COSPAR: 1968-016A. Apogee: 293 km (182 mi). Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Inclination: 65.70 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1968 March 14 - .
09:34 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 206 - .
Payload: Meteor no. 9. Mass: 4,730 kg (10,420 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft: Meteor.
Decay Date: 1989-04-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 3150 . COSPAR: 1968-019A. Apogee: 405 km (251 mi). Perigee: 396 km (246 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 92.60 min. Visual, IR cloud cover images. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. .
1968 March 16 - .
12:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 207 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-03-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 3154 . COSPAR: 1968-021A. Apogee: 320 km (190 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 65.60 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1968 March 21 - .
09:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 208 - .
Payload: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-04-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 3156 . COSPAR: 1968-022A. Apogee: 287 km (178 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; deployed high energy gamma ray experiment capsule. First flight of modernised Zenit-2 area survey reconnaissance satellite..
- Nauka - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1968-04-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 3167 . COSPAR: 1968-022C. Apogee: 263 km (163 mi). Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.08 min.
1968 April 3 - .
11:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 210 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 60. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-04-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 3168 . COSPAR: 1968-024A. Apogee: 373 km (231 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 90.30 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1968 April 7 - .
10:09 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Luna 14 - .
Payload: E-6LS s/n 113. Mass: 1,700 kg (3,700 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Lunar L3.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft Bus: Luna E-6.
Spacecraft: Luna E-6LS.
USAF Sat Cat: 3178 . COSPAR: 1968-027A.
Lunar Orbiter; studied lunar gravitational field, Earth-Moon gravitational relationship, and conducted further scientific experiments in circumlunar space. Not revealed until years later was that the E-6LS was primarily intended to test tracking and communications networks for the Soviet manned lunar program. The Luna 14 spacecraft entered a 140 x 870 km x 42 degree lunar orbit on April 10, 1966. The spacecraft instrumentation was similar to that of Luna 10 and provided data for studies of the interaction of the earth and lunar masses, the lunar gravitational field, the propagation and stability of radio communications to the spacecraft at different orbital positions, solar charged particles and cosmic rays, and the motion of the Moon. This flight was the final flight of the second generation of the Luna series.
1968 April 14 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Cosmos 212 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-OK (A) s/n 8. Mass: 6,500 kg (14,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Soyuz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK.
Duration: 4.92 days. Decay Date: 1968-04-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 3183 . COSPAR: 1968-029A. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). Perigee: 180 km (110 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.30 min. Cosmos 212 docked with Cosmos 213 in the first completely successful test of the Soyuz 7K-OK attitude control, automatic rendezvous and docking systems. Cosmos 212 was successfully recovered on April 19, 1968 at 08:10 GMT..
Additional Details: here....
1968 April 15 - .
09:34 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Cosmos 213 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-OK (P) s/n 7. Mass: 6,500 kg (14,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Related Persons: Beregovoi.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Soyuz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK.
Duration: 5.02 days. Decay Date: 1968-04-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 3193 . COSPAR: 1968-030A. Apogee: 254 km (157 mi). Perigee: 188 km (116 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.90 min.
Cosmos 213 was the target for Cosmos 212 in a successful test of Soyuz 7K-OK rendezvous and docking systems. The Cosmos 213 launch was the most accurate yet. The spacecraft was placed in orbit only 4 km from Cosmos 212, ready for a first-orbit docking. Both spacecraft were recovered, but Cosmos 213 was dragged by heavy wind across the steppes when the parachute lines didn't jettison at touchdown. This failure caused the upcoming Soyuz 2/3 manned docking mission to be scaled back.
Officially: Investigation of outer space, development of new systems and elements to be used in the construction of space devices. Additional Details: here....
1968 April 18 - .
10:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 214 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-04-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 3203 . COSPAR: 1968-032A. Apogee: 373 km (231 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 90.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1968 April 20 - .
10:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 216 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 62. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-04-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 3207 . COSPAR: 1968-034A. Apogee: 267 km (165 mi). Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Inclination: 51.00 deg. Period: 89.20 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Unsuccessful mission. Spacecraft landed in River Volga 1 km from shore and sank after 42 minutes. 85% of the data was ruined..
1968 April 21 - .
04:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-08 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1974-01-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 3209 . COSPAR: 1968-035A. Apogee: 40,099 km (24,916 mi). Perigee: 405 km (251 mi). Inclination: 64.00 deg. Period: 720.80 min. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1968 June 1 - .
10:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 223 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 63. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Completed Operations Date: 1968-06-09 . Decay Date: 1968-06-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 3274 . COSPAR: 1968-045A. Apogee: 317 km (196 mi). Perigee: 221 km (137 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.90 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1968 June 4 - .
06:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 224 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-06-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 3276 . COSPAR: 1968-046A. Apogee: 256 km (159 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.10 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also measured atmospheric composition..
1968 June 12 - .
13:14 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 226 - .
Payload: Meteor no. 10. Mass: 4,730 kg (10,420 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft: Meteor.
Decay Date: 1983-10-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 3282 . COSPAR: 1968-049A. Apogee: 639 km (397 mi). Perigee: 579 km (359 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 96.90 min. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. .
1968 June 18 - .
06:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 227 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-06-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 3294 . COSPAR: 1968-051A. Apogee: 271 km (168 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1968 June 21 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 228 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-07-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 3298 . COSPAR: 1968-053A. Apogee: 245 km (152 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; deployed cosmic ray experiment capsule..
- Nauka - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1968-07-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 3306 . COSPAR: 1968-053G. Apogee: 213 km (132 mi). Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.56 min.
1968 June 26 - .
11:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 229 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-07-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 3304 . COSPAR: 1968-054A. Apogee: 327 km (203 mi). Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.90 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1968 July 5 - .
15:25 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-09 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1971-05-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 3310 . COSPAR: 1968-057A. Apogee: 39,806 km (24,734 mi). Perigee: 396 km (246 mi). Inclination: 65.10 deg. Period: 714.70 min. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1968 July 10 - .
19:49 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 231 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 64. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-07-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 3316 . COSPAR: 1968-058A. Apogee: 311 km (193 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1968 July 16 - .
13:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 232 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-07-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 3322 . COSPAR: 1968-060A. Apogee: 348 km (216 mi). Perigee: 189 km (117 mi). Inclination: 65.30 deg. Period: 89.90 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also performed weather experiments..
1968 July 30 - .
07:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 234 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 6.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-08-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 3332 . COSPAR: 1968-062A. Apogee: 288 km (178 mi). Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.40 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1968 August 9 - .
07:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 235 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 61. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-08-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 3339 . COSPAR: 1968-067A. Apogee: 281 km (174 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Partially successful. Hard landing due to parachute sytem failure. 30% of the film damaged..
1968 August 27 - .
12:29 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 237 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-09-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 3348 . COSPAR: 1968-071A. Apogee: 320 km (190 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1968 August 28 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Cosmos 238 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-OK s/n 9. Mass: 6,520 kg (14,370 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Soyuz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK.
Duration: 3.96 days. Decay Date: 1968-09-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 3351 . COSPAR: 1968-072A. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.60 min. Recovered September 1, 1968 9:03 GMT. Final test of redesigned Soyuz 7K-OK spacecraft for Soyuz 3 manned mission..
1968 September 5 - .
07:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 239 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-09-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 3353 . COSPAR: 1968-073A. Apogee: 274 km (170 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1968 September 14 - .
06:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 240 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 66. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 7.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-09-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 3388 . COSPAR: 1968-075A. Apogee: 283 km (175 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1968 September 14 - .
21:42 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Zond 5 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-L1 s/n 9L. Mass: 5,390 kg (11,880 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Lunar L1.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1 .
Duration: 5.76 days. Decay Date: 1968-09-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 3394 . COSPAR: 1968-076A. Apogee: 385,000 km (239,000 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 51.50 deg. Period: 14,722.06 min.
First successful circumlunar flight with recovery. Test flight of manned spacecraft; launched from an earth parking orbit to make a lunar flyby and return to earth. On September 18, 1968, the spacecraft flew around the moon at an altitude of 1950 km. High quality photographs of the earth were taken at a distance of 90,000 km. A biological payload of turtles, wine flies, meal worms, plants, seeds, bacteria, and other living matter was included in the flight. Before re-entry the gyroscopic platform went off line due to ground operator failure. However this time the self destruct command was not given. After a ballistic 20G re-entry the capsule splashed down in the Indian Ocean at 32:63 S, 65:55 E on September 21, 1968 16:08 GMT. Soviet naval vessels were 100 km from the landing location and recovered the spacecraft the next day, shipping it via Bombay back to Soviet Union. Additional Details: here....
1968 September 16 - .
12:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 241 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-09-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 3398 . COSPAR: 1968-077A. Apogee: 326 km (202 mi). Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1968 September 23 - .
07:39 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 243 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 9.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-10-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 3418 . COSPAR: 1968-080A. Apogee: 293 km (182 mi). Perigee: 213 km (132 mi). Inclination: 71.30 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; deployed passive microwave radio telescope capsule..
- Nauka - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1968-10-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 3452 . COSPAR: 1968-080C. Apogee: 274 km (170 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 71.30 deg. Period: 89.23 min.
1968 October 5 - .
00:32 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-10 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1976-07-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 3469 . COSPAR: 1968-085A. Apogee: 39,596 km (24,603 mi). Perigee: 498 km (309 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 712.50 min. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1968 October 7 - .
12:05 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 246 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 5.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-10-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 3473 . COSPAR: 1968-087A. Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). Perigee: 149 km (92 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1968 October 11 - .
12:05 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 247 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 65. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-10-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 3484 . COSPAR: 1968-088A. Apogee: 345 km (214 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.90 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1968 October 25 - .
09:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Soyuz 2 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-OK s/n 11. Mass: 6,450 kg (14,210 lb). Nation: Russia.
Related Persons: Beregovoi.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Soyuz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 3.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK.
Duration: 2.95 days. Decay Date: 1968-10-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 3511 . COSPAR: 1968-093A. Apogee: 229 km (142 mi). Perigee: 191 km (118 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.60 min.
Unmanned docking target for Soyuz 3. Soyuz 2 launched on time at 12:00 local time, in 0 deg C temperatures and 5 m/s winds. Launch was on time 'as in Korolev's time', notes Kamanin. Docking with Soyuz 3 a failure. Recovered October 28, 1968 7:51 GMT, 5 km from its aim point. Maneuver Summary:
177km X 196km orbit to 184km X 230km orbit. Delta V: 12 m/s.
Officially: Complex testing of spaceship systems in conditions of space flight.
1968 October 26 - .
08:34 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Soyuz 3 - .
Call Sign: Argon (Argon ). Crew: Beregovoi.
Backup Crew: Shatalov,
Volynov.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-OK s/n 10. Mass: 6,575 kg (14,495 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Soyuz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 3.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK.
Duration: 3.95 days. Decay Date: 1968-10-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 3516 . COSPAR: 1968-094A. Apogee: 205 km (127 mi). Perigee: 183 km (113 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.30 min.
Second manned Soyuz flight. Rendezvoused with the unmanned Soyuz 2 but failed to dock. Complex testing of spaceship systems; development, in joint flight with space ship Soyuz 2 of processes of space ship manoeuvring and docking in artificial earth satellite orbit; development of elements of celestial navigation; conduct of research under space flight conditions. The failed docking was blamed on manual control of the Soyuz by Beregovoi, who repeatedly put the spacecraft in an orientation that nulled the automatic docking system. Beregovoi used nearly all of his orientation fuel in his first attempt to dock - of 80 kg allocated, only 8 to 10 kg was remaining. Additional Details: here....
1968 October 31 - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 251 - .
Payload: Zenit-4M no. 1. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 18.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-11-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 3528 . COSPAR: 1968-096A. Apogee: 255 km (158 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; deployed radio astronony and gamma ray experiment capsule; maneuverable..
1968 November 10 - .
19:11 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Zond 6 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-L1 s/n 12L. Mass: 5,375 kg (11,849 lb). Nation: Russia.
Related Persons: Bushuyev.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Lunar L1.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1 .
Duration: 5.79 days. Decay Date: 1968-11-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 3535 . COSPAR: 1968-101A. Apogee: 400,000 km (240,000 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 51.50 deg. Period: 15,562.22 min.
Test flight of manned circumlunar spacecraft. Successfully launched towards the moon with a scientific payload including cosmic-ray and micrometeoroid detectors, photography equipment, and a biological specimens. A midcourse correction on 12 November resulted in a loop around the moon at an altitude of 2,420 km on 14 November. Zond 6 took spectacular photos of the moon's limb with the earth in the background. Photographs were also taken of the lunar near and far side with panchromatic film from distances of approximately 11,000 km and 3300 km. Each photo was 12.70 by 17.78 cm. Some of the views allowed for stereo pictures. On the return leg a gasket failed, leading to cabin depressurisation, which would have been fatal to a human crew. The 7K-L1 then made the first successful double skip trajectory, dipping into the earth's atmosphere over Antarctica, slowing from 11 km/sec to suborbital velocity, then skipping back out into space before making a final re-entry onto Soviet territory. The landing point was only 16 km from the pad from which it had been launched toward the moon. After the re-entry the main parachute ejected prematurely, ripping the main canopy, leading to the capsule being destroyed on impact with the ground. One negative was recovered from the camera container and a small victory obtained over the Americans. But the criteria for a manned flight had obviously not been met and Mishin's only hope to beet the Americans was a failure or delay in the Apollo 8 flight set for December. The next Zond test was set for January. Additional Details: here....
1968 November 13 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 253 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 67. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 5.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-11-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 3542 . COSPAR: 1968-102A. Apogee: 337 km (209 mi). Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 90.00 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Unsuccessful mission. On 13th orbit the SA-20-1 camera's shutter responded to an uncommanded order to open. Radiation levels inside reached 3 times normal levels. 53% of the data was lost..
1968 November 16 - .
11:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K.
- Proton 4 - .
Payload: N-6 s/n 1. Mass: 16,000 kg (35,000 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Proton.
Class: Astronomy.
Type: X-ray astronomy satellite. Spacecraft: N-6 .
Decay Date: 1969-07-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 3544 . COSPAR: 1968-103A. Apogee: 477 km (296 mi). Perigee: 248 km (154 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.80 min. First launch of the Proton three-stage variant. The satellite studied the nature of high and ultra-high energy cosmic rays and their interaction with atomic nuclei. Scientific payload 12,500 kg; operated for 100 days in orbit. .
1968 November 21 - .
12:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 254 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-11-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 3562 . COSPAR: 1968-104A. Apogee: 335 km (208 mi). Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.90 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1968 November 29 - .
12:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 255 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 68. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-12-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 3574 . COSPAR: 1968-105A. Apogee: 317 km (196 mi). Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1968 December 10 - .
08:25 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 258 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 69. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-12-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 3602 . COSPAR: 1968-111A. Apogee: 298 km (185 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1968 December 16 - .
09:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 260 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1973-07-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 3619 . COSPAR: 1968-115A. Apogee: 39,573 km (24,589 mi). Perigee: 506 km (314 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 712.20 min. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space..
1969 January 5 - .
06:28 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Venera 5 - .
Payload: 2V (V-69) s/n 330. Mass: 1,128 kg (2,486 lb). Nation: Russia.
Related Persons: Babakin.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Venera.
Class: Venus.
Type: Venus probe. Spacecraft Bus: 2MV.
Spacecraft: Venera 2V.
Decay Date: 1969-05-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 3642 . COSPAR: 1969-001A.
Venera 5 is launched at 9:26 Moscow time from LC-31 in -23 deg C temperatures. All proceeds according to plan. Afterwards Kamanin meets Babakin. Venera 6 is planned for launch in 10 January. He also plans two moon landings in 1969 and two in 1970 of soil sample return spacecraft. Kamanin does not believe America can achieve a manned moon landing in 1969, and therefore that Babakin has a very good chance of stealing their thunder.
Meanwhile Venera 5 was launched from its parking orbit towards Venus to obtain atmospheric data. The spacecraft was very similar to Venera 4 although it was of a stronger design. When the atmosphere of Venus was approached, a capsule weighing 405 kg and containing scientific instruments was jettisoned from the main spacecraft. During satellite descent towards the surface of Venus, a parachute opened to slow the rate of descent. For 53 min on May 16, 1969, while the capsule was suspended from the parachute, data from the Venusian atmosphere were returned. The spacecraft also carried a medallion bearing the coat of arms of the U.S.S.R. and a bas-relief of V.I. Lenin to the night side of Venus.
1969 January 10 - .
05:51 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Venera 6 - .
Payload: 2V (V-69) s/n 331. Mass: 1,128 kg (2,486 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Venera.
Class: Venus.
Type: Venus probe. Spacecraft Bus: 2MV.
Spacecraft: Venera 2V.
Decay Date: 1969-05-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 3648 . COSPAR: 1969-002A.
Venera 6 was launched towards Venus to obtain atmospheric data. When the atmosphere of Venus was approached, a capsule weighing 405 kg was jettisoned from the main spacecraft. This capsule contained scientific instruments. During descent towards the surface of Venus, a parachute opened to slow the rate of descent. For 51 min on May 17, 1969, while the capsule was suspended from the parachute, data from the Venusian atmosphere were returned. The spacecraft also carried a medallion bearing the coat of arms of the U.S.S.R. and a bas-relief of V.I. Lenin to the night side of Venus.
1969 January 12 - .
12:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 263 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 70. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-01-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 3651 . COSPAR: 1969-003A. Apogee: 325 km (201 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1969 January 14 - .
07:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Soyuz 4 - .
Call Sign: Amur (Amur - river). Crew: Shatalov.
Backup Crew: Shonin.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-OK (A) s/n 12. Mass: 6,625 kg (14,605 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Soyuz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 4,
Soyuz 4/5.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK.
Duration: 2.97 days. Decay Date: 1969-01-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 3654 . COSPAR: 1969-004A. Apogee: 224 km (139 mi). Perigee: 213 km (132 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.80 min.
Soyuz 4 is launched with Vladimir Shatalov aboard without further problems at 10:30. This time the rockets gyroscopes, the capsule communications, and the television camera all functioned perfectly. Volynov and his crew for Soyuz 5 watched the launch from Area 17. Later Soyuz 4 would dock with Soyuz 5, and following a transfer of two cosmonauts, return with Shatalov, Yevgeni Khrunov and Alexsei Yeliseyev from Soyuz 5. Official purpose: scientific, technical and medico-biological research, checking and testing of onboard systems and design elements of space craft, docking of piloted space craft and construction of an experimental space station, transfer of cosmonauts from one craft to another in orbit. This mission finally successfully completed the simulated lunar orbit docking and crew transfer mission attempted by Soyuz 1 in April 1967. In making the transfer Khrunov and Yeliseyev avoided the most spectacular survivable incident of the space age - the nose-first reentry of Soyuz 5, still attached to its service module.
1969 January 15 - .
07:04 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Soyuz 5 - .
Call Sign: Baikal (Baikal - lake in Siberia). Crew: Khrunov,
Volynov,
Yeliseyev.
Backup Crew: Filipchenko,
Gorbatko,
Kubasov.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-OK (P) s/n 13. Mass: 6,585 kg (14,517 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Soyuz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 4/5,
Soyuz 5.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK.
Duration: 3.04 days. Decay Date: 1969-01-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 3656 . COSPAR: 1969-005A. Apogee: 212 km (131 mi). Perigee: 196 km (121 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.60 min.
At 3 am an An-12 arrives from Moscow with ten newspapers, and letters for Shatalov, to be delivered by the Soyuz 5 crew to him as the first 'space mail'. At 05:15 the State Commission convened and approved launch at 10:04:30. The countdown proceeds normally; meanwhile communications sessions are held with Shatalov on Soyuz 4. The commission is taken by automobile convoy from Area 2, to Area 17, where the Soyuz 5 crew declares itself ready for flight. At T-25 minutes, with the crew already aboard the spacecraft, a piece of electrical equipment fails and needs to be replaced. Engineer-Captain Viktor Vasilyevich Alyeshin goes to the fuelled booster and replaces it. While doing this he notices that the access hatch has been secured with only three bolts, instead of the four required. Nevertheless the launch proceeds successfully. After Soyuz 5 is in orbit, it and Soyuz 4 begin their mutual series of manoeuvres for rendezvous and docking. Officially the flight conducted scientific, technical and medico-biological research, checking and testing of onboard systems and design elements of space craft, docking of piloted space craft and construction of an experimental space station, transfer of cosmonauts from one craft to another in orbit.
1969 January 23 - .
09:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 264 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-02-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 3667 . COSPAR: 1969-008A. Apogee: 295 km (183 mi). Perigee: 209 km (129 mi). Inclination: 69.90 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; carried radio astronony and gamma ray experiments; maneuverable..
1969 February 25 - .
10:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 266 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 71. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-03-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 3761 . COSPAR: 1969-015A. Apogee: 336 km (208 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 72.00 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1969 February 26 - .
08:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 267 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-03-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 3765 . COSPAR: 1969-017A. Apogee: 331 km (205 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 70.00 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1969 March 6 - .
12:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 270 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-03-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 3777 . COSPAR: 1969-022A. Apogee: 331 km (205 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1969 March 15 - .
12:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 271 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-03-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 3807 . COSPAR: 1969-023A. Apogee: 324 km (201 mi). Perigee: 196 km (121 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1969 March 22 - .
12:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 273 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 77. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-03-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 3831 . COSPAR: 1969-027A. Apogee: 336 km (208 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1969 March 24 - .
10:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 274 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-04-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 3833 . COSPAR: 1969-028A. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried science package..
1969 March 26 - .
12:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-01 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 1. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
Decay Date: 2012-03-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 3835 . COSPAR: 1969-029A. Apogee: 576 km (357 mi). Perigee: 549 km (341 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 95.90 min. Cloud, snow, ice cover data. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1969 April 4 - .
10:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 276 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 7.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-04-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 3854 . COSPAR: 1969-032A. Apogee: 371 km (230 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 90.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1969 April 9 - .
13:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 278 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 78. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-04-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 3883 . COSPAR: 1969-034A. Apogee: 310 km (190 mi). Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1969 April 11 - .
02:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-11 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1974-04-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 3885 . COSPAR: 1969-035A. Apogee: 39,595 km (24,603 mi). Perigee: 483 km (300 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 712.10 min. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1969 April 15 - .
08:14 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 279 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-04-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 3893 . COSPAR: 1969-038A. Apogee: 267 km (165 mi). Perigee: 192 km (119 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1969 April 23 - .
09:55 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 280 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-05-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 3906 . COSPAR: 1969-040A. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi). Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; carried weather experiments; maneuverable..
1969 May 13 - .
09:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 281 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 72. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-05-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 3939 . COSPAR: 1969-042A. Apogee: 303 km (188 mi). Perigee: 191 km (118 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1969 May 20 - .
08:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 282 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-05-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 3944 . COSPAR: 1969-044A. Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1969 May 29 - .
06:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 284 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-06-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 3971 . COSPAR: 1969-048A. Apogee: 297 km (184 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1969 June 15 - .
08:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 286 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-06-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 3988 . COSPAR: 1969-052A. Apogee: 322 km (200 mi). Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1969 June 24 - .
06:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 287 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 76. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-07-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 3991 . COSPAR: 1969-054A. Apogee: 265 km (164 mi). Perigee: 189 km (117 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1969 June 27 - .
06:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 288 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-07-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 3994 . COSPAR: 1969-055A. Apogee: 273 km (169 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1969 July 10 - .
09:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 289 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 5.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-07-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 4034 . COSPAR: 1969-057A. Apogee: 324 km (201 mi). Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Inclination: 65.30 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1969 July 13 - .
02:54 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Luna 15 - .
Payload: Ye-8-5 s/n 401. Mass: 5,600 kg (12,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft Bus: Luna Ye-8.
Spacecraft: Luna Ye-8-5.
Decay Date: 1969-07-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 4036 . COSPAR: 1969-058A. Apogee: 870 km (540 mi). Perigee: 240 km (140 mi). Inclination: 126.00 deg. Period: 160.00 min.
Unmanned soil return mission launched coincident with Apollo 11 mission in last ditch attempt to return lunar soil to earth before United States. After completing 86 communications sessions and 52 orbits of the Moon at various inclinations and altitudes, crashed on the moon on 20 July in an attempted landing. Altitude data used in programming inaccurate or guidance system unable to cope with effect of lunar mascons.
Officially: Testing of on-board systems of the automatic station and further scientific investigation of the moon and circumlunar space. Parameters are for lunar orbit.
1969 July 22 - .
12:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 290 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 75. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-07-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 4042 . COSPAR: 1969-060A. Apogee: 332 km (206 mi). Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1969 July 22 - .
12:55 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-12 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1971-06-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 4043 . COSPAR: 1969-061A. Apogee: 39,526 km (24,560 mi). Perigee: 496 km (308 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 711.00 min. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1969 August 7 - .
23:48 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Zond 7 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-L1 s/n 11. Mass: 5,379 kg (11,858 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Lunar L1.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1 .
Duration: 5.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-08-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 4062 . COSPAR: 1969-067A. Apogee: 400,000 km (240,000 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 51.50 deg. Period: 15,562.22 min.
Circumlunar flight; successfully recovered in USSR August 13, 1969. Only completely successful L1 flight that could have returned cosmonauts alive or uninjured to earth. Official mission was further studies of the moon and circumlunar space, to obtain colour photography of the earth and the moon from varying distances, and to flight test the spacecraft systems. Earth photos were obtained on August 9, 1969. On August 11, 1969, the spacecraft flew past the moon at a distance of 1984.6 km and conducted two picture taking sessions. Successfully accomplished double-dip re-entry and landed 50 km from aim point near Kustani in the USSR.
1969 August 16 - .
11:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 293 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-08-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 4072 . COSPAR: 1969-071A. Apogee: 244 km (151 mi). Perigee: 215 km (133 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; carried science package..
1969 August 19 - .
13:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 294 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-08-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 4074 . COSPAR: 1969-072A. Apogee: 329 km (204 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1969 August 29 - .
09:05 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 296 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-09-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 4080 . COSPAR: 1969-075A. Apogee: 302 km (187 mi). Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1969 September 2 - .
11:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 297 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-09-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 4082 . COSPAR: 1969-076A. Apogee: 314 km (195 mi). Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1969 September 18 - .
08:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 299 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 4.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-09-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 4097 . COSPAR: 1969-078A. Apogee: 284 km (176 mi). Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.40 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1969 September 23 - .
14:07 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
FAILURE: Block D lost LOX due to valve defect..
Failed Stage: U.
- Cosmos 300 - .
Payload: Ye-8-5 s/n 403. Mass: 5,600 kg (12,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft Bus: Luna Ye-8.
Spacecraft: Luna Ye-8-5.
Decay Date: 1969-09-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 4104 . COSPAR: 1969-080A. Apogee: 189 km (117 mi). Perigee: 184 km (114 mi). Inclination: 51.50 deg. Period: 88.20 min. Robotic lunar soil return mission. Failed to leave low earth orbit due to Block D stage failure..
1969 September 24 - .
12:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 301 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 79. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-10-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 4106 . COSPAR: 1969-081A. Apogee: 271 km (168 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1969 October 6 - .
01:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-02 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 2. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
Decay Date: 2002-08-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 4119 . COSPAR: 1969-084A. Apogee: 552 km (342 mi). Perigee: 513 km (318 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 95.30 min. Cloud and ice cover imaging; investigated IR, thermal reflection/radiation from Earth's atmosphere. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1969 October 11 - .
11:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Soyuz 6 - .
Call Sign: Antey (Antaeus - mythological giant). Crew: Kubasov,
Shonin.
Backup Crew: Shatalov,
Yeliseyev.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-OK s/n 14. Mass: 6,577 kg (14,499 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Soyuz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 6,
Soyuz 7,
Soyuz 8.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK.
Duration: 4.95 days. Decay Date: 1969-10-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 4122 . COSPAR: 1969-085A. Apogee: 218 km (135 mi). Perigee: 212 km (131 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.80 min.
Tested spacecraft systems and designs, manoeuvring of space craft with respect to each other in orbit, conducted scientific, technical and medico-biological experiments in group flight. Carried Vulkan welding furnace for vacuum welding experiments in depressurized orbital module. Was to have taken spectacular motion pictures of Soyuz 7 - Soyuz 8 docking but failure of rendezvous electronics in all three craft due to new helium pressurization integrity test prior to mission did not permit successful rendezvous and dockings. Additional Details: here....
1969 October 12 - .
10:44 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Soyuz 7 - .
Call Sign: Buran (Snowstorm ). Crew: Filipchenko,
Gorbatko,
Volkov.
Backup Crew: Kolodin,
Shatalov,
Yeliseyev.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-OK s/n 15. Mass: 6,570 kg (14,480 lb). Nation: Russia.
Related Persons: Kubasov,
Mishin,
Shonin.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Soyuz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 6,
Soyuz 7,
Soyuz 8.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK.
Duration: 4.94 days. Decay Date: 1969-10-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 4124 . COSPAR: 1969-086A. Apogee: 223 km (138 mi). Perigee: 210 km (130 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.80 min.
Tested spacecraft systems and designs, manoeuvring of space craft with respect to each other in orbit, conducted scientific, technical and medico-biological experiments in group flight. Was to have docked with Soyuz 8 and transferred crew while Soyuz 6 took film from nearby. However failure of rendezvous electronics in all three craft due to a new helium pressurization integrity test prior to the mission did not permit successful rendezvous and dockings. Additional Details: here....
1969 October 13 - .
10:19 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Soyuz 8 - .
Call Sign: Granit (Granite ). Crew: Shatalov,
Yeliseyev.
Backup Crew: Nikolayev,
Sevastyanov.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-OK s/n 16. Mass: 6,646 kg (14,651 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Soyuz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 6,
Soyuz 7,
Soyuz 8.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK.
Duration: 4.95 days. Decay Date: 1969-10-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 4126 . COSPAR: 1969-087A. Apogee: 227 km (141 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.70 min.
Tested spacecraft systems and designs, manoeuvring of space craft with respect to each other in orbit, conducted scientific, technical and medico-biological experiments in group flight. Was to have docked with Soyuz 7 and transferred crew while Soyuz 6 took film from nearby. However failure of rendezvous electronics in all three craft due to a new helium pressurization integrity test prior to the mission did not permit successful rendezvous and dockings. Recovered October 18, 1969 10:19 GMT. Additional Details: here....
1969 October 17 - .
11:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 302 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-10-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 4130 . COSPAR: 1969-089A. Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1969 October 22 - .
14:09 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
FAILURE: Block D control system failure..
Failed Stage: U.
- Cosmos 305 - .
Payload: Ye-8-5 s/n 404. Mass: 5,600 kg (12,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft Bus: Luna Ye-8.
Spacecraft: Luna Ye-8-5.
Decay Date: 1969-10-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 4150 . COSPAR: 1969-092A. Apogee: 208 km (129 mi). Perigee: 182 km (113 mi). Inclination: 51.40 deg. Period: 88.40 min. Robotic lunar soil return mission. Failed to leave low earth orbit due to Block D stage failure..
1969 October 24 - .
09:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 306 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-11-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 4182 . COSPAR: 1969-093A. Apogee: 299 km (185 mi). Perigee: 215 km (133 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1969 November 12 - .
11:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 309 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 80. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-11-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 4223 . COSPAR: 1969-098A. Apogee: 364 km (226 mi). Perigee: 185 km (114 mi). Inclination: 64.50 deg. Period: 90.00 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. First flight with Nauka external experiment container..
- Nauka - .
Payload: Nauka 3KS. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1969-11-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 4236 . COSPAR: 1969-098E. Apogee: 334 km (207 mi). Perigee: 188 km (116 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.73 min.
1969 November 15 - .
08:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 310 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-11-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 4232 . COSPAR: 1969-100A. Apogee: 336 km (208 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.90 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1969 December 3 - .
13:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 313 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-12-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 4262 . COSPAR: 1969-104A. Apogee: 335 km (208 mi). Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1969 December 23 - .
13:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 317 - .
Payload: Zenit-4MK no. 1. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-01-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 4280 . COSPAR: 1969-109A. Apogee: 280 km (170 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; carried charged particle experiments; maneuverable..
1970 January 9 - .
09:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 318 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-01-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 4292 . COSPAR: 1970-001A. Apogee: 379 km (235 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 90.30 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1970 January 21 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 322 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-01-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 4315 . COSPAR: 1970-007A. Apogee: 298 km (185 mi). Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Inclination: 65.30 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1970 February 10 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 323 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-02-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 4328 . COSPAR: 1970-010A. Apogee: 314 km (195 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1970 February 19 - .
18:57 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-13 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1975-09-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 4336 . COSPAR: 1970-013A. Apogee: 39,170 km (24,330 mi). Perigee: 461 km (286 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 703.10 min. The first launch of the 8K78M vehicle from the Plesetsk launch site. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1970 March 4 - .
12:14 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 325 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 73. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-03-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 4340 . COSPAR: 1970-015A. Apogee: 327 km (203 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1970 March 13 - .
08:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 326 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 74. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-03-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 4346 . COSPAR: 1970-018A. Apogee: 232 km (144 mi). Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..
1970 March 17 - .
11:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-03 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 3. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
Decay Date: 1983-11-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 4349 . COSPAR: 1970-019A. Apogee: 635 km (394 mi). Perigee: 537 km (333 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 96.40 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1970 March 27 - .
11:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 328 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-04-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 4355 . COSPAR: 1970-022A. Apogee: 299 km (185 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1970 April 3 - .
08:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 329 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-04-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 4357 . COSPAR: 1970-023A. Apogee: 228 km (141 mi). Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1970 April 8 - .
10:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 331 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-04-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 4364 . COSPAR: 1970-026A. Apogee: 320 km (190 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1970 April 15 - .
09:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 333 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-04-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 4373 . COSPAR: 1970-030A. Apogee: 239 km (148 mi). Perigee: 219 km (136 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 89.10 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1970 April 28 - .
10:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-04 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 4. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
Decay Date: 2004-03-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 4393 . COSPAR: 1970-037A. Apogee: 578 km (359 mi). Perigee: 534 km (331 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 95.80 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1970 May 12 - .
10:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 344 - .
Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 81. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-05-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 4401 . COSPAR: 1970-038A. Apogee: 326 km (202 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Partially successful. Failure of SA-10B camera on 42nd orbit..
1970 May 20 - .
09:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 345 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-05-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 4403 . COSPAR: 1970-039A. Apogee: 296 km (183 mi). Perigee: 153 km (95 mi). Inclination: 52.00 deg. Period: 89.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1970 June 1 - .
19:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Soyuz 9 - .
Call Sign: Sokol (Falcon ). Crew: Nikolayev,
Sevastyanov.
Backup Crew: Filipchenko,
Grechko.
Support Crew: Lazarev,
Yazdovsky.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-OK s/n 17. Mass: 6,590 kg (14,520 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Soyuz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 9.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK.
Duration: 17.71 days. Decay Date: 1970-06-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 4407 . COSPAR: 1970-041A. Apogee: 227 km (141 mi). Perigee: 176 km (109 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.50 min. Manned flight endurance test. Medico-biological, scientific and technical studies and experiments in prolonged orbital flight. Inconclusive results due to slow sun-oriented rotation of spacecraft to conserve fuel producing motion sickness in cosmonauts..
Additional Details: here....
1970 June 10 - .
09:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 346 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 7.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-06-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 4409 . COSPAR: 1970-042A. Apogee: 351 km (218 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 90.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1970 June 17 - .
12:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 349 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-06-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 4416 . COSPAR: 1970-045A. Apogee: 332 km (206 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1970 June 23 - .
14:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-05 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 5. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
USAF Sat Cat: 4419 . COSPAR: 1970-047A. Apogee: 872 km (541 mi). Perigee: 815 km (506 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 101.80 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1970 June 26 - .
03:23 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-14 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1976-02-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 4430 . COSPAR: 1970-049A. Apogee: 39,172 km (24,340 mi). Perigee: 459 km (285 mi). Inclination: 65.50 deg. Period: 703.10 min. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1970 June 26 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 350 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-07-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 4425 . COSPAR: 1970-050A. Apogee: 274 km (170 mi). Perigee: 180 km (110 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1970 July 7 - .
10:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 352 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-07-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 4446 . COSPAR: 1970-052A. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.90 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1970 July 9 - .
13:35 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 353 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-07-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 4455 . COSPAR: 1970-053A. Apogee: 304 km (188 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1970 August 7 - .
09:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 355 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-08-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 4484 . COSPAR: 1970-058A. Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Inclination: 65.30 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1970 August 17 - .
05:38 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Venera 7 - .
Payload: 3V (V-70) s/n 630. Mass: 1,180 kg (2,600 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Venera.
Class: Venus.
Type: Venus probe. Spacecraft Bus: 3MV.
Spacecraft: Venera 3V.
Decay Date: 1970-12-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 4489 . COSPAR: 1970-060A.
Venera 7 was launched from an earth parking orbit towards Venus to study the Venusian atmosphere and other phenomena of the planet. Venera 7 entered the atmosphere of Venus on December 15, 1970, and a landing capsule was jettisoned. After aerodynamic braking, a parachute system was deployed. The capsule antenna was extended, and signals were returned for 35 min. Another 23 min of very weak signals were received after the spacecraft landed on Venus. The capsule was the first man-made object to return data after landing on another planet.
1970 August 22 - .
05:06 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
FAILURE: The escape stage Block L's engine 11D33 was late igniting and cut off early at 25 seconds after firing due to abnormal operation of the sequencer and a DC transformer failure..
Failed Stage: U.
- Cosmos 359 - .
Payload: 3V (V-70) s/n 631. Mass: 1,180 kg (2,600 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Venera.
Class: Venus.
Type: Venus probe. Spacecraft Bus: 3MV.
Spacecraft: Venera 3V.
Decay Date: 1970-11-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 4501 . COSPAR: 1970-065A. Apogee: 908 km (564 mi). Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Inclination: 51.20 deg. Period: 95.70 min. Probable Venus probe failure..
1970 August 29 - .
08:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 360 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 10.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-09-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 4508 . COSPAR: 1970-068A. Apogee: 287 km (178 mi). Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.40 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable; deployed capsule..
1970 September 8 - .
10:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 361 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-09-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 4524 . COSPAR: 1970-071A. Apogee: 338 km (210 mi). Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1970 September 12 - .
13:25 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Luna 16 - .
Payload: Ye-8-5 s/n 406. Mass: 5,600 kg (12,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft Bus: Luna Ye-8.
Spacecraft: Luna Ye-8-5.
Decay Date: 1970-09-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 4527 . COSPAR: 1970-072A. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi). Perigee: 110 km (60 mi). Inclination: 70.00 deg. Period: 119.00 min.
Lunar Sample Return. Landed on Moon 20 September 1970 at 05:18:00 GMT, Latitude 0.68 S, Longitude 56.30 E - Mare Fecunditatis. Luna 16 was launched toward the Moon from a preliminary earth orbit and entered a lunar orbit on September 17, 1970. On September 20, the spacecraft soft landed on the lunar surface as planned. The spacecraft was equipped with an extendable arm with a drilling rig for the collection of a lunar soil sample. After 26 hours and 25 minutes on the lunar surface, the ascent stage, with a hermetically sealed soil sample container, left the lunar surface carrying 100 grams of collected material. It landed in the Soviet Union on September 24, 1970. The lower stage of Luna 16 remained on the lunar surface and continued transmission of lunar temperature and radiation data. Parameters are for lunar orbit.
1970 September 17 - .
08:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 363 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-09-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 4538 . COSPAR: 1970-074A. Apogee: 294 km (182 mi). Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1970 September 22 - .
13:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 364 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 10.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-10-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 4553 . COSPAR: 1970-075A. Apogee: 297 km (184 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1970 September 29 - .
08:14 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-15 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1976-03-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 4569 . COSPAR: 1970-077A. Apogee: 39,296 km (24,417 mi). Perigee: 492 km (305 mi). Inclination: 65.20 deg. Period: 706.30 min. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1970 October 1 - .
08:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 366 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-10-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 4561 . COSPAR: 1970-078A. Apogee: 284 km (176 mi). Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1970 October 8 - .
12:39 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 368 - .
Payload: Bion precursor. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 6.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-10-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 4571 . COSPAR: 1970-080A. Apogee: 383 km (237 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 90.40 min. Bion precursor mission. Conducted biological investigations and study of the physical characteristics of outer space..
1970 October 9 - .
11:04 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 370 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-10-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 4576 . COSPAR: 1970-082A. Apogee: 280 km (170 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1970 October 15 - .
11:22 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-06 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 6. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
Decay Date: 1999-01-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 4583 . COSPAR: 1970-085A. Apogee: 443 km (275 mi). Perigee: 441 km (274 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 93.40 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1970 October 20 - .
19:55 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Zond 8 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-L1 s/n 14. Mass: 5,390 kg (11,880 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Lunar L1.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1 .
Duration: 5.17 days. Decay Date: 1970-10-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 4591 . COSPAR: 1970-088A. Apogee: 400,000 km (240,000 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 15,562.22 min.
Final circumlunar flight; successfully recovered October 26, 1970. The announced objectives were investigations of the moon and circumlunar space and testing of onboard systems. The spacecraft obtained photographs of the earth on October 21 from a distance of 64,480 km. The spacecraft transmitted flight images of the earth for three days. Zond 8 flew past the moon on October 24, 1970, at a distance of 1,110.4 km and obtained both black and white and colour photographs of the lunar surface. Scientific measurements were also obtained during the flight. The spacecraft used a new variant of the double-dip re-entry, coming in over the north pole, bouncing off the atmosphere, being tracked by Soviet radar stations as it soared south over the Soviet Union, then making a final precision re-entry followed by splashdown at the recovery point in the Indian Ocean.
1970 October 30 - .
13:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 376 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-11-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 4599 . COSPAR: 1970-092A. Apogee: 286 km (177 mi). Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.40 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1970 November 10 - .
14:44 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Luna 17 - .
Payload: Ye-8 s/n 203. Mass: 5,600 kg (12,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft: Ye-8.
Decay Date: 1970-11-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 4691 . COSPAR: 1970-095A. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). Perigee: 85 km (52 mi). Inclination: 141.00 deg. Period: 116.00 min.
Luna 17 was launched from an earth parking orbit towards the Moon and entered lunar orbit on November 15, 1970. Luna 17 landed on Moon 17 November 1970 at 03:47:00 GMT, Latitude 38.28 N, Longitude 325.00 E - Mare Imbrium (Sea of Rains). The payload, the Lunokhod 1 unmanned rover, rolled down a ramp from the landing stage and began exploring the surface. Lunokhod was intended to operate through three lunar days but actually operated for eleven lunar days (earth months). The operations of Lunokhod officially ceased on October 4, 1971, the anniversary of Sputnik 1. By then it had traveled 10,540 m and had transmitted more than 20,000 TV pictures and more than 200 TV panoramas. It had also conducted more than 500 lunar soil tests. Parameters are for lunar orbit.
1970 November 11 - .
09:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 377 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-11-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 4695 . COSPAR: 1970-096A. Apogee: 286 km (177 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1970 November 24 - .
05:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511L.
- Cosmos 379 - .
Payload: Lunar Craft T2K no. 1. Mass: 5,500 kg (12,100 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Lunar L3.
Class: Moon.
Type: Manned lunar lander. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: LK.
Duration: 4,683.78 days. Decay Date: 1983-09-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 4760 . COSPAR: 1970-099A. Apogee: 232 km (144 mi). Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.70 min.
LK moon lander test using the T2K version. First use of the Soyuz 11A511L booster modified especially for this purpose. The spacecraft made a series of engine burns, simulating the lunar landing profile. After 3.5 days in orbit, the first burn was made in imitation of a descent to the lunar surface after separation of the Block D lunar crasher stage. The orbit changed from 192 km X 233 km to 196 km X 1206 km orbit; delta V: 263 m/s. After 4 days in orbit, a large manoeuvre was made simulating the ascent from the lunar surface. The orbit was changed from 188 km X 1198 km to 177 km X 14,041 km; delta V: 1518 m/s. These main manoeuvres were followed by a series of small adjustments simulating rendezvous and docking with the LOK. The LK tested out without major problems and decayed from orbit on September 21, 1983.
1970 November 27 - .
15:47 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-16 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1975-11-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 4779 . COSPAR: 1970-101A. Apogee: 39,895 km (24,789 mi). Perigee: 463 km (287 mi). Inclination: 65.50 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1970 December 2 - .
17:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Cosmos 382 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-L1E s/n 2K. Mass: 10,380 kg (22,880 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Lunar L3.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Block D.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1E.
Duration: 8,549.30 days. USAF Sat Cat: 4786 . COSPAR: 1970-103A. Apogee: 5,269 km (3,273 mi). Perigee: 2,384 km (1,481 mi). Inclination: 55.90 deg. Period: 171.00 min.
Test of Block D upper stage in its N1 lunar crasher configuration in earth orbit. The three maneuvers simulated the lunar orbit insertion burn; the lunar orbit circularization burn; and the descent burn to bring the LK lunar lander just over the surface. Payload was a modified Soyuz 7K-L1 circumlunar spacecraft, which provided guidance to the Block D and was equipped with television cameras that viewed the behavior of the Block D stage propellants under zero-G conditions.
Maneuver Summary:
190km X 300km orbit to 303km X 5038km orbit. Delta V: 982 m/s
318km X 5040km orbit to 1616km X 5071km orbit. Delta V: 285 m/s
1616km X 5071km orbit to 2577km X 5082km orbit. Delta V: 1311 m/s
Total Delta V: 2578 m/s.
1970 December 3 - .
13:55 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 383 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-12-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 4787 . COSPAR: 1970-104A. Apogee: 279 km (173 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1970 December 10 - .
11:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 384 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-12-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 4791 . COSPAR: 1970-105A. Apogee: 292 km (181 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; deployed science capsule..
1970 December 15 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 386 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-12-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 4804 . COSPAR: 1970-110A. Apogee: 242 km (150 mi). Perigee: 222 km (137 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.10 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1970 December 18 - .
16:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 389 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 1. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 2003-11-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 4813 . COSPAR: 1970-113A. Apogee: 568 km (352 mi). Perigee: 543 km (337 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 95.80 min.
1970 December 25 - .
03:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-17 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1975-12-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 4829 . COSPAR: 1970-114A. Apogee: 39,881 km (24,780 mi). Perigee: 474 km (294 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1971 January 12 - .
09:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 390 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-01-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 4845 . COSPAR: 1971-001A. Apogee: 276 km (171 mi). Perigee: 196 km (121 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 January 20 - .
11:24 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-07 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 7. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
Decay Date: 2005-06-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 4849 . COSPAR: 1971-003A. Apogee: 550 km (340 mi). Perigee: 538 km (334 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 95.50 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1971 January 21 - .
08:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 392 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-02-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 4872 . COSPAR: 1971-004A. Apogee: 278 km (172 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1971 February 18 - .
13:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 396 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-03-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 4959 . COSPAR: 1971-014A. Apogee: 285 km (177 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.40 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 February 26 - .
05:06 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511L.
1971 March 3 - .
09:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 399 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-03-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 5003 . COSPAR: 1971-017A. Apogee: 285 km (177 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 March 27 - .
10:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 401 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-04-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 5086 . COSPAR: 1971-023A. Apogee: 290 km (180 mi). Perigee: 185 km (114 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 April 2 - .
08:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 403 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-04-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 5108 . COSPAR: 1971-026A. Apogee: 229 km (142 mi). Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1971 April 7 - .
07:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 405 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 2. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
USAF Sat Cat: 5117 . COSPAR: 1971-028A. Apogee: 603 km (374 mi). Perigee: 594 km (369 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 96.70 min.
1971 April 14 - .
08:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 406 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 10.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-04-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 5124 . COSPAR: 1971-029A. Apogee: 246 km (152 mi). Perigee: 217 km (134 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 89.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 April 17 - .
11:44 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-08 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 8. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
Decay Date: 1991-01-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 5142 . COSPAR: 1971-031A. Apogee: 248 km (154 mi). Perigee: 243 km (150 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1971 April 19 - .
01:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K.
- Salyut 1 - .
Payload: Zarya s/n 121. Mass: 18,500 kg (40,700 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned space station. Flight: Soyuz 10,
Soyuz 11,
Soyuz 12 / DOS 1.
Spacecraft Bus: Almaz.
Spacecraft: Salyut 1.
Duration: 179.93 days. Decay Date: 1971-10-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 5160 . COSPAR: 1971-032A. Apogee: 214 km (132 mi). Perigee: 180 km (110 mi). Inclination: 51.40 deg. Period: 88.50 min.
First manned space station. Salyut 1 included a number of military experiments, including the OD-4 optical visual ranger, the Orion ultraviolet instrument for characterising rocket plumes, and the highly classified Svinets radiometer. Primary objectives included photography of the earth, spectrographs of the earth's horizon, experiments with intense gamma rays, and studying manual methods for station orientation.
At 05:20 the State Commission and their guests arrive at the Area 95 observation point to view the launch. The booster takes off on schedule at 06:40 in light rain and 60 km/hr wind. The tracking station reports good orbital insertion, separation from the third stage, and antennae and solar panel deployment. But the cover of the scientific equipment bay does not separate. This will mean that many experiments cannot be accomplished. It is decided to launch the crew to the station anyway, since the station is otherwise functioning normally. The cosmonauts go to the baths in the evening. Additional Details: here....
1971 April 22 - .
23:54 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Soyuz 10 - .
Call Sign: Granit (Granite ). Crew: Rukavishnikov,
Shatalov,
Yeliseyev.
Backup Crew: Kolodin,
Kubasov,
Leonov.
Support Crew: Dobrovolsky,
Patsayev,
Volkov.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-OKS s/n 31. Mass: 6,800 kg (14,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 10.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7KT-OK.
Duration: 1.99 days. Decay Date: 1971-04-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 5172 . COSPAR: 1971-034A. Apogee: 258 km (160 mi). Perigee: 209 km (129 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.10 min.
Intended first space station mission; soft docked with Salyut 1. Launch nearly scrubbed due to poor weather. Soyuz 10 approached to 180 m from Salyut 1 automatically. It was hand docked after faillure of the automatic system, but hard docking could not be achieved because of the angle of approach. Post-flight analysis indicated that the cosmonauts had no instrument to proivde the angle and range rate data necessary for a successful manual docking. Soyuz 10 was connected to the station for 5 hours and 30 minutes. Despite the lack of hard dock, it is said that the crew were unable to enter the station due to a faulty hatch on their own spacecraft. When Shatalov tried to undock from the Salyut, the jammed hatch impeded the docking mechanism, preventing undocking. After several attempts he was unable to undock and land.
1971 May 6 - .
06:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 410 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-05-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 5207 . COSPAR: 1971-040A. Apogee: 280 km (170 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; deployed science capsule..
- Nauka - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1971-05-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 5228 . COSPAR: 1971-040C. Apogee: 257 km (159 mi). Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.02 min.
1971 May 10 - .
16:58 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
FAILURE: No Block D ignition due wrong timer setting..
Failed Stage: U.
- Cosmos 419 - .
Payload: M-71 s/n 170. Mass: 4,650 kg (10,250 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Mars.
Class: Mars.
Type: Mars probe. Spacecraft Bus: 4MV.
Spacecraft: Mars M-71.
Decay Date: 1971-05-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 5221 . COSPAR: 1971-042A. Apogee: 187 km (116 mi). Perigee: 134 km (83 mi). Inclination: 51.50 deg. Period: 87.70 min.
Mars probe intended to enter Martian orbit and comprehensively photograph Mars. Rocket block failed to reignite in Earth Orbit. It is widely believed this spacecraft was launched with the primary purpose of overtaking Mariner 8, which had been launched (unsuccessfully, as it turned out) two days earlier, and becoming the first Mars orbiter. The Proton booster successfully put the spacecraft into low (174 km x 159 km) Earth parking orbit with an inclination of 51.4 degrees, but the Block D stage 4 failed to function due to a bad ignition timer setting (the timer, which was supposed to start ignition 1.5 hours after orbit was erroneously set for 1.5 years.) The orbit decayed and the spacecraft re-entered Earth's atmosphere 2 days later on 12 May 1971. The mission was designated Cosmos 419.
1971 May 18 - .
08:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 420 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-05-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 5230 . COSPAR: 1971-043A. Apogee: 257 km (159 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 May 19 - .
16:22 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Mars 2 - .
Payload: M-71 s/n 171. Mass: 4,650 kg (10,250 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Mars.
Class: Mars.
Type: Mars probe. Spacecraft Bus: 4MV.
Spacecraft: Mars M-71.
USAF Sat Cat: 5234 . COSPAR: 1971-045A. Apogee: 25,000 km (15,000 mi). Perigee: 1,380 km (850 mi). Inclination: 48.90 deg. Period: 1,080.00 min.
Mars probe intended to conduct of a series of scientific investigations of the planet Mars and the space around it. Parameters are for Mars orbit. Mid-course corrections were made on 17 June and 20 November. Mars 2 released the descent module (1971-045D) 4.5 hours before reaching Mars on 27 November 1971. The descent system malfunctioned and the lander crashed at 45 deg S, 302 deg W, delivering the Soviet Union coat of arms to the surface. Meanwhile, the orbiter engine performed a burn to put the spacecraft into a 1380 x 24,940 km, 18 hour orbit about Mars with an inclination of 48.9 degrees. Scientific instruments were generally turned on for about 30 minutes near periapsis. Data was sent back for many months. It was announced that Mars 2 and 3 had completed their missions by 22 August 1972. On-orbit dry mass: 2265 kg. Had the lander survived, data would have been relayed to the earth via the orbiter.
1971 May 28 - .
10:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 424 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-06-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 5248 . COSPAR: 1971-048A. Apogee: 282 km (175 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.40 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 May 28 - .
15:26 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Mars 3 - .
Payload: M-71 s/n 172. Mass: 4,643 kg (10,236 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Mars.
Class: Mars.
Type: Mars probe. Spacecraft Bus: 4MV.
Spacecraft: Mars M-71.
USAF Sat Cat: 5252 . COSPAR: 1971-049A. Apogee: 214,500 km (133,200 mi). Perigee: 1,528 km (949 mi). Inclination: 60.00 deg. Period: 18,243.00 min.
Mars probe intended to conduct of a series of scientific investigations of the planet Mars and the space around it. Parameters are for Mars orbit. The Mars 3 orbiter also carried a French-built experiment which was not carried on Mars 2. Called Spectrum 1, the instrument measured solar radiation at metric wavelengths in conjunction with Earth-based receivers to study the cause of solar outbursts. The Spectrum 1 antenna was mounted on one of the solar panels. A mid-course correction was made on 8 June. The descent module (COSPAR 1971-049F) was released at 09:14 GMT on 2 December 1971 about 4.5 hours before reaching Mars. Through aerodynamic braking, parachutes, and retro-rockets, the lander achieved a soft landing at 45 S, 158 W and began operations. However, after 20 sec the instruments stopped working for unknown reasons. Meanwhile, the orbiter engine performed a burn to put the spacecraft into a long 11-day period orbit about Mars with an inclination thought to be similar to that of Mars 2 (48.9 degrees). Data was sent back for many months. It was announced that Mars 2 and 3 had completed their missions by 22 August 1972.
1971 June 6 - .
04:55 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Soyuz 11 - .
Call Sign: Yantar (Amber ). Crew: Dobrovolsky,
Patsayev,
Volkov.
Backup Crew: Kolodin,
Kubasov,
Leonov.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-OKS s/n 32. Mass: 6,790 kg (14,960 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 11.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7KT-OK.
Duration: 23.77 days. Decay Date: 1971-06-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 5283 . COSPAR: 1971-053A. Apogee: 237 km (147 mi). Perigee: 163 km (101 mi). Inclination: 51.50 deg. Period: 88.40 min.
First space station flight, two years before the American Skylab. The Soyuz 11 launch proceeds without any difficulties. The first orbital correction in the set of rendezvous manoeuvres to head for Salyut 1 is made on the fourth revolution. At 15:00 Kamanin and other critical staff board a plane for the mission control centre at Yevpatoriya. The aircraft takes 4 hours 30 minutes to get there.
Equipment aboard Salyut 1 included a telescope, spectrometer, electrophotometer, and television. The crew checked improved on-board spacecraft systems in different conditions of flight and conducted medico-biological research. The main instrument, a large solar telescope, was inoperative because its cover failed to jettison. A small fire and difficult working conditions will lead to a decision to return crew before planned full duration of 30 days.
1971 June 11 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 427 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-06-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 5289 . COSPAR: 1971-055A. Apogee: 314 km (195 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 June 24 - .
07:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 428 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-07-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 5305 . COSPAR: 1971-057A. Apogee: 257 km (159 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; deployed electron and gamma ray science capsule..
- Nauka - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1971-07-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 5315 . COSPAR: 1971-057G. Apogee: 239 km (148 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.88 min.
1971 July 16 - .
01:41 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-09 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 9. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
Decay Date: 1991-08-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 5327 . COSPAR: 1971-059A. Apogee: 349 km (216 mi). Perigee: 342 km (212 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 91.50 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1971 July 20 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 429 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-08-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 5331 . COSPAR: 1971-061A. Apogee: 252 km (156 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 July 23 - .
11:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 430 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-08-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 5340 . COSPAR: 1971-062A. Apogee: 305 km (189 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 July 28 - .
03:29 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-18 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1977-07-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 5367 . COSPAR: 1971-064A. Apogee: 39,877 km (24,778 mi). Perigee: 478 km (297 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1971 July 30 - .
08:29 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 431 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-08-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 5364 . COSPAR: 1971-065A. Apogee: 284 km (176 mi). Perigee: 165 km (102 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1971 August 5 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 432 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-08-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 5379 . COSPAR: 1971-066A. Apogee: 252 km (156 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.10 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 August 12 - .
05:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511L.
- Cosmos 434 - .
Payload: Lunar Craft T2K no. 3. Mass: 5,500 kg (12,100 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Lunar L3.
Class: Moon.
Type: Manned lunar lander. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: LK.
Duration: 8,296.77 days. Decay Date: 1981-08-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 5407 . COSPAR: 1971-069A. Apogee: 1,253 km (778 mi). Perigee: 193 km (119 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 99.30 min.
Final LK moon lander test using the T2K version.
Maneuver Summary:
188km X 267km orbit to 190km X 1261km orbit. Delta V: 266 m/s
188km X 1262km orbit to 180km X 11384km orbit. Delta V: 1333 m/s
Total Delta V: 1599 m/s. Ten years later the spacecraft was due to re-enter over Australia soon after the Skylab scare. The Soviet Union told the people of Australia not to worry, it was only an experimental lunar cabin - the first inadvertent admission that their manned lunar project even existed!
1971 September 2 - .
13:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Luna 18 - .
Payload: Ye-8-5 s/n 407. Mass: 5,600 kg (12,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft Bus: Luna Ye-8.
Spacecraft: Luna Ye-8-5.
Decay Date: 1971-09-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 5448 . COSPAR: 1971-073A. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Perigee: 100 km (60 mi). Inclination: 35.00 deg. Period: 119.00 min.
Attempted lunar soil return mission; crashed while attempting to soft land at Latitude 3.57 N, Longitude 50.50 E - Mare Fecunditatis. Luna 18 used a new method of navigation in lunar orbit and for landing. The spacecraft's designer, Babakhin, had died at age 56 only the month before. Luna 18 successfully reached earth parking orbit before being put on a translunar trajectory. On September 7, 1971, it entered lunar orbit. The spacecraft completed 85 communications sessions and 54 lunar orbits before it was sent towards the lunar surface by use of braking rockets. It impacted the Moon on September 11, 1971, in a rugged mountainous terrain. Signals ceased at the moment of impact. Parameters are for lunar orbit.
1971 September 14 - .
13:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 438 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-09-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 5475 . COSPAR: 1971-077A. Apogee: 279 km (173 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 September 21 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 439 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-10-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 5478 . COSPAR: 1971-078A. Apogee: 263 km (163 mi). Perigee: 226 km (140 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1971 September 28 - .
07:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 441 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-10-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 5486 . COSPAR: 1971-081A. Apogee: 266 km (165 mi). Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 September 28 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Luna 19 - .
Payload: Ye-8-LS s/n 202. Mass: 5,810 kg (12,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft Bus: Luna Ye-8.
Spacecraft: Luna Ye-8-LS.
USAF Sat Cat: 5488 . COSPAR: 1971-082A. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). Perigee: 140 km (80 mi). Inclination: 40.60 deg. Period: 121.75 min.
Heavy lunar Orbiter; conducted lunar surface mapping. Luna 19 entered an intermediate earth parking orbit and was then put on a translunar trajectory by the Proton Block D stage. It entered lunar orbit on October 3, 1971. Luna 19 extended the systematic study of lunar gravitational fields and location of mascons (mass concentrations). It also studied the lunar radiation environment, the gamma-active lunar surface, and the solar wind. Photographic coverage via a television system was also obtained. Parameters are for lunar orbit.
1971 September 29 - .
11:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 442 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-10-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 5493 . COSPAR: 1971-084A. Apogee: 313 km (194 mi). Perigee: 182 km (113 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 October 7 - .
12:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 443 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-10-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 5536 . COSPAR: 1971-085A. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; deployed science capsule..
- Nauka - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1971-10-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 5562 . COSPAR: 1971-085F. Apogee: 288 km (178 mi). Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.36 min.
1971 October 14 - .
09:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 452 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-10-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 5558 . COSPAR: 1971-088A. Apogee: 248 km (154 mi). Perigee: 193 km (119 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 November 2 - .
14:25 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 454 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-11-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 5585 . COSPAR: 1971-094A. Apogee: 346 km (214 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 90.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 November 19 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 456 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-12-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 5611 . COSPAR: 1971-098A. Apogee: 304 km (188 mi). Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 November 24 - .
09:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1971 December 6 - .
09:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 463 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 5.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-12-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 5661 . COSPAR: 1971-107A. Apogee: 272 km (169 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 64.00 deg. Period: 89.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 December 10 - .
11:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 464 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 6.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-12-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 5670 . COSPAR: 1971-108A. Apogee: 311 km (193 mi). Perigee: 180 km (110 mi). Inclination: 72.00 deg. Period: 89.40 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 December 16 - .
09:39 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 466 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-12-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 5687 . COSPAR: 1971-112A. Apogee: 375 km (233 mi). Perigee: 175 km (108 mi). Inclination: 64.00 deg. Period: 90.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1971 December 19 - .
22:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-19 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1977-04-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 5712 . COSPAR: 1971-115A. Apogee: 39,126 km (24,311 mi). Perigee: 522 km (324 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 703.50 min. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1971 December 27 - .
14:04 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511M.
- Cosmos 470 - .
Payload: Zenit-4MT no. 1. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 10.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-01-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 5727 . COSPAR: 1971-118A. Apogee: 259 km (160 mi). Perigee: 192 km (119 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; deployed science capsule..
1971 December 29 - .
10:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-10 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 10. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
USAF Sat Cat: 5731 . COSPAR: 1971-120A. Apogee: 912 km (566 mi). Perigee: 838 km (520 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 102.50 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1972 January 12 - .
09:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 471 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-01-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 5764 . COSPAR: 1972-001A. Apogee: 316 km (196 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1972 February 3 - .
08:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 473 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-02-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 5821 . COSPAR: 1972-006A. Apogee: 309 km (192 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1972 February 14 - .
03:27 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Luna 20 - .
Payload: Ye-8-5 s/n 408. Mass: 5,600 kg (12,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft Bus: Luna Ye-8.
Spacecraft: Luna Ye-8-5.
Decay Date: 1972-02-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 5835 . COSPAR: 1972-007A. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Perigee: 100 km (60 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 118.00 min.
Soft landed on Moon; returned soil samples to Earth. Landed on Moon 21 February 1972 at 19:19:00 GMT, Latitude 3.57 N, Longitude 56.50 E - Mare Fecunditatis. Luna 20 was placed in an intermediate earth parking orbit and from this orbit was sent towards the Moon. It entered lunar orbit on February 18, 1972. On 21 February 1972, Luna 20 soft landed on the Moon in a mountainous area known as the Apollonius highlands, 120 km from where Luna 18 had crashed. While on the lunar surface, the panoramic television system was operated. Lunar samples were obtained by means of an extendable drilling apparatus. The ascent stage of Luna 20 was launched from the lunar surface on 22 February 1972 carrying 30 grams of collected lunar samples in a sealed capsule. It landed in the Soviet Union on 25 February 1972. The lunar samples were recovered the following day.
1972 February 16 - .
09:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 474 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-02-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 5839 . COSPAR: 1972-008A. Apogee: 325 km (201 mi). Perigee: 177 km (109 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1972 March 1 - .
11:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 476 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 3. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 1991-10-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 5852 . COSPAR: 1972-011A. Apogee: 388 km (241 mi). Perigee: 379 km (235 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 92.20 min.
1972 March 4 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 477 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-03-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 5862 . COSPAR: 1972-013A. Apogee: 306 km (190 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated particle flux and radiation experiment capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 477 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1972-03-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 5882 . COSPAR: 1972-013E. Apogee: 291 km (180 mi). Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.38 min.
1972 March 15 - .
13:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 478 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-03-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 5885 . COSPAR: 1972-015A. Apogee: 282 km (175 mi). Perigee: 176 km (109 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1972 March 27 - .
04:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Venera 8 - .
Payload: 3V (V-72) s/n 670. Mass: 1,180 kg (2,600 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Venera.
Class: Venus.
Type: Venus probe. Spacecraft Bus: 3MV.
Spacecraft: Venera 3V.
Decay Date: 1972-07-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 5912 . COSPAR: 1972-021A. Apogee: 246 km (152 mi). Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.90 min.
Venus atmospheric probe. The spacecraft took 117 days to reach Venus, entering the atmosphere on 22 July 1972. Descent speed was reduced from 41,696 km/hr to about 900 km/hr by aerobraking. The 2.5 meter diameter parachute opened at an altitude of 60 km, and a refrigeration system was used to cool the interior components. Venera 8 transmitted data during the descent and continued to send back data for 50 minutes after landing. The probe confirmed the earlier data on the high Venus surface temperature and pressure returned by Venera 7, and also measured the light level as being suitable for surface photography, finding it to be similar to the amount of light on Earth on an overcast day.
1972 March 30 - .
14:05 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-11 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 11. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
USAF Sat Cat: 5917 . COSPAR: 1972-022A. Apogee: 877 km (544 mi). Perigee: 855 km (531 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 102.30 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1972 March 31 - .
04:02 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
FAILURE: The escape stage Block L's engine cut off 125 seconds after ignition due to timer failure..
Failed Stage: U.
- Cosmos 482 - .
Payload: 3V (V-72) s/n 671. Mass: 1,180 kg (2,600 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Venera.
Class: Venus.
Type: Venus probe. Spacecraft Bus: 3MV.
Spacecraft: Venera 3V.
Decay Date: 1981-05-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 5919 . COSPAR: 1972-023A. Apogee: 9,806 km (6,093 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 52.00 deg. Period: 201.40 min.
1972 April 3 - .
10:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 483 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-04-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 5924 . COSPAR: 1972-024A. Apogee: 313 km (194 mi). Perigee: 209 km (129 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1972 April 4 - .
20:38 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-20 - .
Payload: Molniya-1 s/n 27. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1974-01-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 5927 . COSPAR: 1972-025A. Apogee: 40,006 km (24,858 mi). Perigee: 343 km (213 mi). Inclination: 65.70 deg. Period: 717.60 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network..
1972 April 6 - .
08:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 484 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-04-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 5933 . COSPAR: 1972-026A. Apogee: 223 km (138 mi). Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Inclination: 81.00 deg. Period: 88.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated cosmic ray experiment capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 484 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1972-04-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 6002 . COSPAR: 1972-026C. Apogee: 177 km (109 mi). Perigee: 168 km (104 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 87.94 min.
1972 April 7 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Intercosmos 6 - .
Payload: Energia s/n 1. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Intercosmos.
Class: Earth.
Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Energia satellite.
Completed Operations Date: 1972-04-11 . Decay Date: 1972-04-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 5936 . COSPAR: 1972-027A. Apogee: 326 km (202 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Investigation of primary cosmic radiation and meteoritic particles in near-earth outer space. .
1972 April 14 - .
00:54 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Prognoz 1 - .
Payload: SO-M s/n 501. Mass: 845 kg (1,862 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft: Prognoz.
Decay Date: 1981-03-31 . USAF Sat Cat: 5941 . COSPAR: 1972-029A. Apogee: 199,667 km (124,067 mi). Perigee: 1,005 km (624 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 5,782.10 min. Study of the processes of solar activity and of their influence on interplanetary space and the Earth's magnetosphere. .
1972 April 14 - .
08:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 486 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-04-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 5945 . COSPAR: 1972-030A. Apogee: 234 km (145 mi). Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1972 May 5 - .
11:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 488 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-05-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 6016 . COSPAR: 1972-034A. Apogee: 294 km (182 mi). Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1972 May 17 - .
10:19 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 490 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-05-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 6021 . COSPAR: 1972-036A. Apogee: 285 km (177 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated electron flux cosmic ray experiment capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 490 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1972-06-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 6040 . COSPAR: 1972-036D. Apogee: 258 km (160 mi). Perigee: 209 km (129 mi). Inclination: 65.30 deg. Period: 89.17 min.
1972 May 19 - .
14:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 2-02 - .
Payload: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-2.
Decay Date: 1977-03-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 6031 . COSPAR: 1972-037A. Apogee: 39,293 km (24,415 mi). Perigee: 479 km (297 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 706.00 min. Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system; transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation. .
1972 May 25 - .
06:35 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 491 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-06-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 6035 . COSPAR: 1972-038A. Apogee: 268 km (166 mi). Perigee: 177 km (109 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 88.90 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1972 June 9 - .
06:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 492 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-06-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 6049 . COSPAR: 1972-040A. Apogee: 323 km (200 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1972 June 21 - .
06:25 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 493 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-07-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 6053 . COSPAR: 1972-042A. Apogee: 267 km (165 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1972 June 23 - .
11:19 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 495 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-07-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 6060 . COSPAR: 1972-044A. Apogee: 277 km (172 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1972 June 26 - .
14:53 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Cosmos 496 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 33L. Mass: 6,675 kg (14,715 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
Duration: 9.95 days. Decay Date: 1972-07-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 6066 . COSPAR: 1972-045A. Apogee: 253 km (157 mi). Perigee: 176 km (109 mi). Inclination: 51.50 deg. Period: 88.70 min. Recovered July 6, 1972 13:54 GMT. Soyuz 7K-T redesign test..
1972 June 29 - .
03:47 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Prognoz 2 - .
Payload: SO-M no. 2. Mass: 845 kg (1,862 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft: Prognoz.
Decay Date: 1982-12-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 6068 . COSPAR: 1972-046A. Apogee: 201,804 km (125,394 mi). Perigee: 517 km (321 mi). Inclination: 65.30 deg. Period: 5,849.20 min. Study of the processes of solar activity and of their influence on interplanetary space and the Earth's magnetosphere. .
1972 June 30 - .
18:52 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-12 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 12. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
USAF Sat Cat: 6079 . COSPAR: 1972-049A. Apogee: 893 km (554 mi). Perigee: 876 km (544 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 102.70 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1972 July 6 - .
10:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 499 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-07-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 6090 . COSPAR: 1972-051A. Apogee: 283 km (175 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1972 July 13 - .
14:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511M.
- Cosmos 502 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-07-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 6105 . COSPAR: 1972-055A. Apogee: 262 km (162 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; carried science package..
1972 July 19 - .
13:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 503 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-08-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 6114 . COSPAR: 1972-056A. Apogee: 288 km (178 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.40 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1972 July 28 - .
10:19 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 512 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-08-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 6130 . COSPAR: 1972-059A. Apogee: 273 km (169 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 65.30 deg. Period: 89.20 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1972 August 2 - .
08:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 513 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-08-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 6135 . COSPAR: 1972-060A. Apogee: 307 km (190 mi). Perigee: 172 km (106 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1972 August 18 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 515 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-08-31 . USAF Sat Cat: 6150 . COSPAR: 1972-063A. Apogee: 309 km (192 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1972 August 30 - .
08:19 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 517 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-09-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 6168 . COSPAR: 1972-067A. Apogee: 285 km (177 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1972 September 15 - .
09:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 518 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 9.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-09-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 6186 . COSPAR: 1972-070A. Apogee: 306 km (190 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 518 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1972-09-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 6198 . COSPAR: 1972-070C. Apogee: 271 km (168 mi). Perigee: 196 km (121 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.17 min.
1972 September 16 - .
08:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 519 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 10.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-09-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 6188 . COSPAR: 1972-071A. Apogee: 360 km (220 mi). Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Inclination: 71.30 deg. Period: 90.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1972 September 19 - .
19:19 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 520 - .
Payload: Oko #1. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
USAF Sat Cat: 6192 . COSPAR: 1972-072A. Apogee: 33,393 km (20,749 mi). Perigee: 6,841 km (4,250 mi). Inclination: 69.90 deg. Period: 715.30 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 355 degree longitude of ascending node..
1972 September 30 - .
20:19 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 2-03 - .
Payload: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-2.
Decay Date: 1978-01-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 6208 . COSPAR: 1972-075A. Apogee: 39,170 km (24,330 mi). Perigee: 470 km (290 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 703.30 min. Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system; transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation. .
1972 October 4 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 522 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-10-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 6219 . COSPAR: 1972-077A. Apogee: 309 km (192 mi). Perigee: 212 km (131 mi). Inclination: 72.00 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1972 October 14 - .
06:16 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-21 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1977-11-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 6231 . COSPAR: 1972-081A. Apogee: 34,684 km (21,551 mi). Perigee: 494 km (306 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 615.40 min. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network..
1972 October 18 - .
11:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 525 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-10-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 6248 . COSPAR: 1972-083A. Apogee: 268 km (166 mi). Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.20 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated Nauka autonomous subsatellite 16KS No 161 / 1L which tested Kondor control system for Yantar satellite..
- Nauka Cosmos 525 - .
Payload: Nauka 16KS No. 1L. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1972-11-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 6258 . COSPAR: 1972-083C. Apogee: 258 km (160 mi). Perigee: 191 km (118 mi). Inclination: 65.30 deg. Period: 88.99 min.
1972 October 26 - .
22:05 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-13 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 13. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
USAF Sat Cat: 6256 . COSPAR: 1972-085A. Apogee: 880 km (540 mi). Perigee: 851 km (528 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 102.30 min. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. .
1972 October 31 - .
13:29 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 527 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-11-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 6260 . COSPAR: 1972-086A. Apogee: 306 km (190 mi). Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1972 November 25 - .
09:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 537 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-12-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 6287 . COSPAR: 1972-093A. Apogee: 303 km (188 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 64.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1972 December 2 - .
04:39 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-22 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1976-02-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 6294 . COSPAR: 1972-095A. Apogee: 39,608 km (24,611 mi). Perigee: 462 km (287 mi). Inclination: 64.00 deg. Period: 712.00 min. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1972 December 12 - .
06:51 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 2-04 - .
Payload: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-2.
Decay Date: 1975-01-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 6308 . COSPAR: 1972-098A. Apogee: 39,284 km (24,409 mi). Perigee: 507 km (315 mi). Inclination: 65.30 deg. Period: 706.40 min. Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system; transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation. .
1972 December 14 - .
13:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 538 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-12-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 6311 . COSPAR: 1972-099A. Apogee: 283 km (175 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.40 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1972 December 27 - .
10:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511M.
- Cosmos 541 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-01-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 6326 . COSPAR: 1972-105A. Apogee: 348 km (216 mi). Perigee: 218 km (135 mi). Inclination: 81.00 deg. Period: 90.20 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
1972 December 28 - .
11:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 542 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 4. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 1983-10-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 6328 . COSPAR: 1972-106A. Apogee: 640 km (390 mi). Perigee: 527 km (327 mi). Inclination: 81.00 deg. Period: 96.30 min.
1973 January 8 - .
06:55 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Luna 21 - .
Payload: Ye-8 s/n 204. Mass: 5,567 kg (12,273 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft: Luna Ye-8.
Decay Date: 1973-01-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 6333 . COSPAR: 1973-001A. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi). Perigee: 90 km (55 mi). Inclination: 60.00 deg. Period: 118.00 min.
The Proton / Block D launcher put the spacecraft into Earth parking orbit followed by translunar injection. On 12 January 1973, Luna 21 braked into a 90 x 100 km orbit about the Moon. On 13 and 14 January, the perilune was lowered to 16 km altitude. On 15 January after 40 orbits, the braking rocket was fired at 16 km altitude, and the craft went into free fall. At an altitude of 750 meters the main thrusters began firing, slowing the fall until a height of 22 meters was reached. At this point the main thrusters shut down and the secondary thrusters ignited, slowing the fall until the lander was 1.5 meters above the surface, where the engine was cut off. Landing occurred at 23:35 GMT in LeMonnier crater at 25.85 degrees N, 30.45 degrees E. The lander carried a bas relief of Lenin and the Soviet coat-of-arms. After landing, Lunokhod 2 took TV images of the surrounding area, then rolled down a ramp to the surface at 01:14 GMT on 16 January and took pictures of the Luna 21 lander and landing site. It stopped and charged batteries until 18 January, took more images of the lander and landing site, and then set out over the Moon. The rover would run during the lunar day, stopping occasionally to recharge its batteries via the solar panels. At night the rover would hibernate until the next sunrise, heated by the radioactive source. Lunokhod 2 operated for about 4 months, covered 37 km of terrain including hilly upland areas and rilles, and sent back 86 panoramic images and over 80,000 TV pictures. Many mechanical tests of the surface, laser ranging measurements, and other experiments were completed during this time. On June 4 it was announced that the program was completed, leading to speculation that the vehicle probably failed in mid-May or could not be revived after the lunar night of May-June. The Lunokhod was not left in a position such that the laser retroreflector could be used, indicating that the failure may have happened suddenly.
1973 January 11 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 543 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-01-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 6339 . COSPAR: 1973-002A. Apogee: 274 km (170 mi). Perigee: 191 km (118 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 February 1 - .
08:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 547 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-02-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 6353 . COSPAR: 1973-006A. Apogee: 309 km (192 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 64.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1973 February 3 - .
05:48 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-23 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1977-10-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 6356 . COSPAR: 1973-007A. Apogee: 39,602 km (24,607 mi). Perigee: 476 km (295 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 712.20 min. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1973 February 8 - .
13:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 548 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-02-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 6359 . COSPAR: 1973-008A. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 February 15 - .
01:11 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Prognoz 3 - .
Payload: SO-M no. 3. Mass: 845 kg (1,862 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft: Prognoz.
Decay Date: 1976-12-31 . USAF Sat Cat: 6364 . COSPAR: 1973-009A. Apogee: 199,442 km (123,927 mi). Perigee: 896 km (556 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 5,768.60 min. Solar flare monitor. Study of the processes of solar activity and of their influence on interplanetary space and the Earth's magnetosphere. .
1973 March 1 - .
12:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 550 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 10.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-03-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 6376 . COSPAR: 1973-011A. Apogee: 317 km (196 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 March 6 - .
09:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 551 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-03-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 6378 . COSPAR: 1973-012A. Apogee: 296 km (183 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 March 20 - .
11:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-14 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 14. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
USAF Sat Cat: 6392 . COSPAR: 1973-015A. Apogee: 878 km (545 mi). Perigee: 860 km (530 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 102.30 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1973 March 22 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 552 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-04-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 6394 . COSPAR: 1973-016A. Apogee: 308 km (191 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 72.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated Nauka autonomous subsatellite 16KS No 162 / 2L which tested Kondor control system for Yantar satellite..
- Nauka Cosmos 552 - .
Payload: Nauka 16KS No. 2L. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1973-04-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 6397 . COSPAR: 1973-016C. Apogee: 283 km (175 mi). Perigee: 192 km (119 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.25 min.
1973 April 3 - .
09:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K.
- Salyut 2 - .
Payload: Almaz s/n 101-01. Mass: 18,500 kg (40,700 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Almaz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned space station. Spacecraft Bus: Almaz.
Spacecraft: Almaz OPS.
Duration: 54.62 days. Decay Date: 1973-05-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 6398 . COSPAR: 1973-017A. Apogee: 248 km (154 mi). Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.10 min.
The first flight of the Almaz manned military space station. In January 1973 the first Almaz OPS was delivered to Baikonur. Launch and initial orbital checkout went according to plan. But before a crew could be launched the station depressurized. It was concluded that a short in electrical equipment started a fire in pressure vessel, leading to rupture of hull and depressurization. An alternate theory was that debris from an explosion of the third stage of Proton penetrated the hull. Control was lost on April 25, 1973, and the OPS cased operations on 29 April. Decayed May 28, 1973. Initial crew was to have been Popovich and Artyukhin.
Officially: Testing of improved design, on-board systems and equipment; conduct of scientific and technical research and experiments. Additional Details: here....
1973 April 5 - .
11:11 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1973 April 19 - .
08:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 554 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 38.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-05-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 6432 . COSPAR: 1973-021A. Apogee: 304 km (188 mi). Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable; exploded in orbit..
1973 April 25 - .
10:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 555 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-05-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 6440 . COSPAR: 1973-024A. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Inclination: 81.00 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 555 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1973-05-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 6445 . COSPAR: 1973-024D. Apogee: 204 km (126 mi). Perigee: 192 km (119 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.45 min.
1973 May 5 - .
07:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 556 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 9.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-05-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 6446 . COSPAR: 1973-025A. Apogee: 240 km (140 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 May 11 - .
00:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K.
- Cosmos 557 - .
Payload: Zarya s/n 123. Mass: 19,400 kg (42,700 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned space station. Spacecraft Bus: Almaz.
Spacecraft: Salyut 4.
Duration: 10.98 days. Decay Date: 1973-05-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 6498 . COSPAR: 1973-026A. Apogee: 225 km (139 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Salyut failure. Unsuccessful mission. Salyut out of control. Decayed May 22, 1973. Was to have been manned by initial crew of Leonov and Kubasov. Last chance to upstage Skylab, launched three days later..
1973 May 18 - .
11:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 559 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 5.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-05-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 6647 . COSPAR: 1973-030A. Apogee: 325 km (201 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. First flight of Soyuz U launch vehicle. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 May 23 - .
10:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 560 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-06-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 6652 . COSPAR: 1973-031A. Apogee: 314 km (195 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 May 25 - .
13:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 561 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-06-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 6657 . COSPAR: 1973-033A. Apogee: 295 km (183 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated gamma ray telescope experiment capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 561 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1973-06-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 6662 . COSPAR: 1973-033D. Apogee: 281 km (174 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 65.30 deg. Period: 89.36 min.
1973 May 29 - .
10:16 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-15 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 15. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
USAF Sat Cat: 6659 . COSPAR: 1973-034A. Apogee: 879 km (546 mi). Perigee: 845 km (525 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 102.20 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1973 June 6 - .
11:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 563 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-06-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 6667 . COSPAR: 1973-036A. Apogee: 298 km (185 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 June 10 - .
10:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 572 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-06-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 6684 . COSPAR: 1973-038A. Apogee: 281 km (174 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 June 15 - .
06:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Cosmos 573 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 35. Mass: 6,675 kg (14,715 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
Duration: 2.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-06-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 6694 . COSPAR: 1973-041A. Apogee: 308 km (191 mi). Perigee: 191 km (118 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Soyuz test flight. Recovered June 17, 1973 6:01 GMT. Soyuz 7K-T redesign test, probably using one of the spacecraft allocated to the failed Salyut 2 or Cosmos 557 stations..
1973 June 21 - .
13:29 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 575 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-07-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 6709 . COSPAR: 1973-043A. Apogee: 271 km (168 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated capsule..
1973 June 27 - .
11:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511M.
- Cosmos 576 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-07-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 6713 . COSPAR: 1973-044A. Apogee: 332 km (206 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
1973 July 11 - .
09:58 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1973 July 21 - .
19:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Mars 4 - .
Payload: M-73 s/n 52S. Mass: 4,650 kg (10,250 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Mars.
Class: Mars.
Type: Mars probe. Spacecraft Bus: 4MV.
Spacecraft: Mars M-73.
USAF Sat Cat: 6742 . COSPAR: 1973-047A.
Failed; did not enter Martian orbit as planned; intended to be a Mars orbiter mission. Mars 4 reached Mars on 10 February 1974. Due to use of helium in preflight tests of the computer chips, which resulted in degradation of the chips during the voyage to Mars, the retro-rockets never fired to slow the craft into Mars orbit. Mars 4 flew by the planet at a range of 2,200 km. It returned one swath of pictures and some radio occultation data. Final heliocentric orbit 1.02 x 1.63 AU, 2.2 degree inclination, 556 day period.
1973 July 25 - .
11:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 577 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-08-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 6745 . COSPAR: 1973-048A. Apogee: 309 km (192 mi). Perigee: 175 km (108 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 July 25 - .
18:55 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Mars 5 - .
Payload: M-73 s/n 53S. Mass: 4,650 kg (10,250 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Mars.
Class: Mars.
Type: Mars probe. Spacecraft Bus: 4MV.
Spacecraft: Mars M-73.
USAF Sat Cat: 6754 . COSPAR: 1973-049A.
Mars probe intended to enter Martian orbit and comprehensively photograph Mars. Parameters are for Mars orbit. Mars 5 reached Mars on 12 February 1974 and was inserted into a 1760 km x 32,586 km orbit. Due to computer chip failures the orbiter operated only a few days and returned atmospheric data and images of a small portion of the Martian southern hemisphere.
1973 August 1 - .
14:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 578 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-08-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 6759 . COSPAR: 1973-051A. Apogee: 292 km (181 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1973 August 5 - .
17:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Mars 6 - .
Payload: M-73 s/n 50P. Mass: 4,650 kg (10,250 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Mars.
Class: Mars.
Type: Mars probe. Spacecraft Bus: 4MV.
Spacecraft: Mars M-73.
USAF Sat Cat: 6768 . COSPAR: 1973-052A.
Mars probe intended to make a soft landing on Mars. Total fueled launch mass of the lander and orbital bus was 3260 kg. It reached Mars on 12 March 1974, separated from the bus, and entered the atmosphere, where a parachute opened, slowing the descent. As the probe descended through the atmosphere it transmitted data for 150 seconds, representing the first data returned from the atmosphere of Mars. Unfortunately, the data were largely unreadable due to a flaw in a computer chip which led to degradation of the system during its journey to Mars. When the retro-rockets fired for landing, contact was lost with the craft. Mars 6 landed at about 24 degrees south, 25 degrees west in the Margaritifer Sinus region of Mars. Bus ended up in a final heliocentric orbit 1.01 x 1.67 AU, 2.2 degree inclination, 567 day period.
1973 August 9 - .
17:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Mars 7 - .
Payload: M-73 s/n 51P. Mass: 4,650 kg (10,250 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Mars.
Class: Mars.
Type: Mars probe. Spacecraft Bus: 4MV.
Spacecraft: Mars M-73.
USAF Sat Cat: 6776 . COSPAR: 1973-053A.
Mars probe intended to make a soft landing on Mars. Mars 7 reached Mars on 9 March 1974. Due to a problem in the operation of one of the onboard systems (attitude control or retro-rockets) the landing probe separated prematurely and missed the planet by 1,300 km. The early separation was probably due to a computer chip error which resulted in degradation of the systems during the trip to Mars. Ended up in a final heliocentric orbit 1.01 x 1.69 AU, 2.2 degree inclination, 574 day period.
1973 August 21 - .
12:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 579 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-09-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 6789 . COSPAR: 1973-055A. Apogee: 270 km (160 mi). Perigee: 171 km (106 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 88.90 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 August 24 - .
10:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 581 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-09-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 6798 . COSPAR: 1973-059A. Apogee: 276 km (171 mi). Perigee: 177 km (109 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 August 30 - .
00:07 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-24 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1979-12-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 6805 . COSPAR: 1973-061A. Apogee: 39,893 km (24,788 mi). Perigee: 463 km (287 mi). Inclination: 65.50 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1973 August 30 - .
10:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 583 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-09-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 6809 . COSPAR: 1973-062A. Apogee: 298 km (185 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated capsule..
1973 September 6 - .
10:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 584 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-09-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 6818 . COSPAR: 1973-063A. Apogee: 336 km (208 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 90.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 September 21 - .
13:05 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 587 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-10-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 6832 . COSPAR: 1973-066A. Apogee: 301 km (187 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Second flight of Soyuz U launch vehicle. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 September 27 - .
12:18 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Soyuz 12 - .
Call Sign: Ural (Urals ). Crew: Lazarev,
Makarov.
Backup Crew: Grechko,
Gubarev.
Support Crew: Klimuk,
Sevastyanov.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 36. Mass: 6,720 kg (14,810 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 12.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
Duration: 1.97 days. Decay Date: 1973-09-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 6836 . COSPAR: 1973-067A. Apogee: 348 km (216 mi). Perigee: 306 km (190 mi). Inclination: 51.00 deg. Period: 91.00 min.
Experimental flight for the purpose of further development of manned space craft Soyuz 7K-T modifications. After the Soyuz 11 disaster, the Soyuz underwent redesign for increased reliability. Two solo test flights of the new design were planned. Crews for the first flight were those already planned for the deferred follow-on missions to the failed DOS 2 and DOS 3 space stations.
1973 October 3 - .
13:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 596 - .
Payload: FEU-170 s/n 1L. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 6.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-10-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 6856 . COSPAR: 1973-070A. Apogee: 287 km (178 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.40 min.
Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule. First test of small film return capsules planned for Yantar spacecraft. SpK capsule FEU-170 No. 1L experienced an electrical short circuit, which led to failure to separate the shell of the capsule after reentry, preventing parachute deployment. The capsule crashed into the ground.
1973 October 6 - .
12:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 597 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 6.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-10-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 6858 . COSPAR: 1973-071A. Apogee: 290 km (180 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 October 10 - .
10:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 598 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 6.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-10-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 6862 . COSPAR: 1973-072A. Apogee: 334 km (207 mi). Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.90 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 October 15 - .
08:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 599 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-10-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 6867 . COSPAR: 1973-073A. Apogee: 280 km (170 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1973 October 16 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 600 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 7.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-10-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 6873 . COSPAR: 1973-074A. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 90.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 October 19 - .
10:26 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1973 October 20 - .
10:14 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 602 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 9.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-10-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 6885 . COSPAR: 1973-077A. Apogee: 309 km (192 mi). Perigee: 169 km (105 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 October 27 - .
11:09 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 603 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-11-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 6900 . COSPAR: 1973-079A. Apogee: 357 km (221 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 90.10 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 October 29 - .
14:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 604 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 5. Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 1992-01-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 6907 . COSPAR: 1973-080A. Apogee: 424 km (263 mi). Perigee: 413 km (256 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 92.90 min.
1973 October 31 - .
18:24 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 605 - .
Payload: Bion no. 1. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Biology.
Type: Biology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Bion.
Duration: 21.50 days. Decay Date: 1973-11-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 6913 . COSPAR: 1973-083A. Apogee: 403 km (250 mi). Perigee: 213 km (132 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.70 min. Investigation of the influence of space flight on living organisms and testing of life-support systems for biological entities. Capsule recovered 53 deg 29 min N, 65 deg 27 min E..
1973 November 2 - .
13:01 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 606 - .
Payload: Oko #2. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
USAF Sat Cat: 6916 . COSPAR: 1973-084A. Apogee: 35,385 km (21,987 mi). Perigee: 4,964 km (3,084 mi). Inclination: 69.50 deg. Period: 717.70 min. Replaced Cosmos 520. Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 359 degree longitude of ascending node..
1973 November 10 - .
12:38 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 607 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-11-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 6926 . COSPAR: 1973-087A. Apogee: 341 km (211 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.90 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable (?)..
1973 November 14 - .
20:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-25 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1979-05-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 6932 . COSPAR: 1973-089A. Apogee: 39,607 km (24,610 mi). Perigee: 461 km (286 mi). Inclination: 64.00 deg. Period: 712.00 min. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network. .
1973 November 21 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 609 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-12-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 6943 . COSPAR: 1973-092A. Apogee: 335 km (208 mi). Perigee: 175 km (108 mi). Inclination: 69.90 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 November 28 - .
11:43 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 612 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-12-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 6953 . COSPAR: 1973-095A. Apogee: 339 km (210 mi). Perigee: 188 km (116 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 November 30 - .
05:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Cosmos 613 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 34L. Mass: 6,675 kg (14,715 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
Duration: 60.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-01-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 6957 . COSPAR: 1973-096A. Apogee: 276 km (171 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Unmanned Soyuz test flight. Recovered January 29, 1974 5:29 GMT. Soyuz 7K-T duration test..
1973 November 30 - .
13:08 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-26 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1985-06-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 6958 . COSPAR: 1973-097A. Apogee: 40,829 km (25,369 mi). Perigee: 619 km (384 mi). Inclination: 62.90 deg. Period: 740.00 min. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1973 December 17 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511M.
- Cosmos 616 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-12-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 6979 . COSPAR: 1973-102A. Apogee: 332 km (206 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.90 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
1973 December 18 - .
11:55 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Soyuz 13 - .
Call Sign: Kavkas (Caucasus ). Crew: Klimuk,
Lebedev.
Backup Crew: Vorobyov,
Yazdovsky.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 33A. Mass: 6,560 kg (14,460 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 13.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
Duration: 7.87 days. Decay Date: 1973-12-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 6982 . COSPAR: 1973-103A. Apogee: 247 km (153 mi). Perigee: 188 km (116 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.80 min.
A unique flight of the 7K-T/AF modification of the Soyuz spacecraft. The orbital module was dominated by the large Orion 2 astrophysical camera. The crew conducted astrophysical observations of stars in the ultraviolet range. Additional experiments included spectrozonal photography of specific areas of the earth's surface, and continued testing of space craft's on-board systems.
1973 December 21 - .
12:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 625 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-01-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 6995 . COSPAR: 1973-105A. Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1973 December 25 - .
11:17 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1974 January 24 - .
15:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 629 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-02-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 7100 . COSPAR: 1974-003A. Apogee: 289 km (179 mi). Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule. First successful test of SpK small film return capsule planned for Yantar. SpK capsule FEU-170-13 No. 1702 / 2L successfully recovered..
1974 January 30 - .
11:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 630 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-02-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 7104 . COSPAR: 1974-004A. Apogee: 346 km (214 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 90.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1974 February 12 - .
08:56 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 632 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-02-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 7117 . COSPAR: 1974-006A. Apogee: 303 km (188 mi). Perigee: 176 km (109 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1974 March 5 - .
11:38 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-16 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 16. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
USAF Sat Cat: 7209 . COSPAR: 1974-011A. Apogee: 877 km (544 mi). Perigee: 821 km (510 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 101.90 min. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. .
1974 March 14 - .
10:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 635 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-03-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 7216 . COSPAR: 1974-014A. Apogee: 322 km (200 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated Nauka autonomous subsatellite 17KS M15000-171 / 1L which tested astro-visir and radio altimeter systems for Yantar..
- Nauka Cosmos 635 - .
Payload: Nauka 17KS No. 1L. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1974-04-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 7222 . COSPAR: 1974-014E. Apogee: 303 km (188 mi). Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.52 min.
1974 March 20 - .
08:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 636 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-04-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 7225 . COSPAR: 1974-016A. Apogee: 302 km (187 mi). Perigee: 169 km (105 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1974 March 26 - .
13:35 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
1974 April 3 - .
07:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 638 - .
Payload: Soyuz ASTP s/n 71-EPSA. Mass: 6,570 kg (14,480 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: ASTP.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-TM.
Duration: 9.89 days. Decay Date: 1974-04-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 7234 . COSPAR: 1974-018A. Apogee: 309 km (192 mi). Perigee: 187 km (116 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.40 min.
Unmanned Soyuz test flight. Recovered April 13, 1974 5:05 GMT. Soyuz ASTP Test.
Maneuver Summary:
190km X 309km orbit to 190km X 266km orbit. Delta V: 12 m/s
190km X 266km orbit to 240km X 300km orbit. Delta V: 23 m/s
240km X 300km orbit to 258km X 274km orbit. Delta V: 12 m/s
Total Delta V: 47 m/s.
Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
1974 April 4 - .
08:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 639 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-04-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 7240 . COSPAR: 1974-019A. Apogee: 226 km (140 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1974 April 11 - .
12:23 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 640 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-04-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 7245 . COSPAR: 1974-021A. Apogee: 225 km (139 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated capsule (?)..
1974 April 20 - .
20:53 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-27 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1983-11-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 7260 . COSPAR: 1974-023A. Apogee: 39,752 km (24,700 mi). Perigee: 606 km (376 mi). Inclination: 63.00 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1974 April 24 - .
11:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-17 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 17. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
USAF Sat Cat: 7274 . COSPAR: 1974-025A. Apogee: 879 km (546 mi). Perigee: 855 km (531 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 102.30 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1974 April 26 - .
14:23 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1974 April 29 - .
13:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 649 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-05-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 7280 . COSPAR: 1974-027A. Apogee: 299 km (185 mi). Perigee: 181 km (112 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1974 May 15 - .
08:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 652 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-05-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 7292 . COSPAR: 1974-030A. Apogee: 343 km (213 mi). Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1974 May 15 - .
12:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 653 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-05-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 7293 . COSPAR: 1974-031A. Apogee: 287 km (178 mi). Perigee: 192 km (119 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1974 May 27 - .
07:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Cosmos 656 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T(A9) s/n 61. Mass: 6,675 kg (14,715 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Almaz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T/A9.
Duration: 2.01 days. Decay Date: 1974-05-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 7313 . COSPAR: 1974-036A. Apogee: 364 km (226 mi). Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 90.00 min. Unmanned test flight of the Soyuz 7K-T(A9) Soyuz variant designed for docking with the military Almaz space station. Recovered May 29, 1974 7:50 GMT..
1974 May 29 - .
08:56 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Luna 22 - .
Payload: Ye-8-LS s/n 206. Mass: 5,835 kg (12,863 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft Bus: Luna Ye-8.
Spacecraft: Luna Ye-8-LS.
Decay Date: 1975-12-31 . USAF Sat Cat: 7315 . COSPAR: 1974-037A. Apogee: 220 km (130 mi). Perigee: 220 km (130 mi). Inclination: 19.60 deg. Period: 130.00 min.
Heavy lunar orbiter. Scientific investigation of the moon and circumlunar space from the orbit of an artificial satellite of the Moon, which was begun by the Luna 19 automatic station. The spacecraft carried imaging cameras and also had the objectives of studying the Moon's magnetic field, surface gamma ray emissions and composition of lunar surface rocks, and the gravitational field, as well as micrometeoroids and cosmic rays. Luna 22 braked into a circular lunar orbit on 2 June 1974. The spacecraft made many orbit adjustments over its 18 month lifetime in order to optimise the operation of various experiments, lowering the perilune to as low as 25 km. Manoeuvring fuel was exhausted on 2 September and the mission was ended in early November. Parameters are for lunar orbit.
1974 May 30 - .
12:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 657 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-06-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 7317 . COSPAR: 1974-038A. Apogee: 296 km (183 mi). Perigee: 177 km (109 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1974 June 6 - .
06:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 658 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-06-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 7328 . COSPAR: 1974-041A. Apogee: 286 km (177 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1974 June 13 - .
12:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 659 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-06-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 7334 . COSPAR: 1974-043A. Apogee: 329 km (204 mi). Perigee: 153 km (95 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1974 June 24 - .
22:38 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K.
- Salyut 3 - .
Payload: Almaz s/n 101-02. Mass: 18,500 kg (40,700 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Almaz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned space station. Spacecraft Bus: Almaz.
Spacecraft: Almaz OPS.
Duration: 90.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-01-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 7342 . COSPAR: 1974-046A. Apogee: 253 km (157 mi). Perigee: 213 km (132 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.10 min.
First successful Almaz military manned space station flight. Tested a wide array of reconnaissance sensors. Following the successful Soyuz 14 and unsuccessful Soyuz 15 missions, on 23 September 1974 the station ejected a film return capsule. The KSI capsule suffered damage during re-entry but all the film was recoverable. On 24 January 1975 trials of the on-board 23 mm Nudelmann aircraft cannon (other sources say it was a Nudelmann NR-30 30 mm gun) were conducted. The next day the station was commanded to retrofire to a destructive re-entry over the Pacific Ocean. Although only one of three planned crews managed to board the station, that crew did complete the first completely successful Soviet space station flight. Additional Details: here....
1974 June 29 - .
12:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511M.
- Cosmos 664 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-07-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 7351 . COSPAR: 1974-049A. Apogee: 341 km (211 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 90.00 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
1974 June 29 - .
15:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 665 - .
Payload: Oko #3. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
Decay Date: 1990-07-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 7352 . COSPAR: 1974-050A. Apogee: 39,653 km (24,639 mi). Perigee: 298 km (185 mi). Inclination: 61.80 deg. Period: 709.60 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 2 - 315 degree longitude of ascending node..
1974 July 3 - .
18:51 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Soyuz 14 - .
Call Sign: Berkut (Golden Eagle ). Crew: Artyukhin,
Popovich.
Backup Crew: Demin,
Sarafanov.
Support Crew: Rozhdestvensky,
Volynov,
Zholobov,
Zudov.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T(A9) s/n 62. Mass: 6,800 kg (14,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Almaz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 14.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T/A9.
Duration: 15.73 days. Decay Date: 1974-07-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 7361 . COSPAR: 1974-051A. Apogee: 217 km (134 mi). Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.60 min.
On 4 July Soyuz 14 docked with the Salyut 3 space station after 15 revolutions of the earth. The planned experimental program included manned military reconnaissance of the earth's surface, assessing the fundamental value of such observations, and some supplemental medico-biological research. After the crew's return research continued in the development of the on-board systems and the principles of remote control of such a station.
1974 July 9 - .
14:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-18 - .
Payload: Meteor-Priroda no. 1. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor-Priroda.
USAF Sat Cat: 7363 . COSPAR: 1974-052A. Apogee: 909 km (564 mi). Perigee: 883 km (548 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 102.90 min. Conducted experimental work in studying the natural resources of the earth. Also tested plasma engine.
1974 July 12 - .
12:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 666 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-07-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 7367 . COSPAR: 1974-053A. Apogee: 328 km (203 mi). Perigee: 181 km (112 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1974 July 23 - .
01:23 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1974 July 25 - .
07:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 667 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4M.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-08-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 7383 . COSPAR: 1974-057A. Apogee: 320 km (190 mi). Perigee: 176 km (109 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1974 July 26 - .
07:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 669 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-08-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 7389 . COSPAR: 1974-059A. Apogee: 229 km (142 mi). Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 669 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1974-08-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 7404 . COSPAR: 1974-059G. Apogee: 221 km (137 mi). Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.69 min.
1974 July 29 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
1974 August 6 - .
00:02 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 670 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-S s/n 1L. Mass: 6,700 kg (14,700 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-S.
Duration: 2.99 days. Decay Date: 1974-08-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 7405 . COSPAR: 1974-061A. Apogee: 294 km (182 mi). Perigee: 211 km (131 mi). Inclination: 50.60 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Unmanned Soyuz 7K-S test flight. Recovered August 8, 1974 23:59 GMT..
1974 August 7 - .
12:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 671 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-08-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 7409 . COSPAR: 1974-062A. Apogee: 304 km (188 mi). Perigee: 168 km (104 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1974 August 12 - .
06:25 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 672 - .
Payload: Soyuz ASTP s/n 72-EPSA. Mass: 6,570 kg (14,480 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: ASTP.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-TM.
Duration: 5.94 days. Decay Date: 1974-08-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 7413 . COSPAR: 1974-064A. Apogee: 226 km (140 mi). Perigee: 222 km (137 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.90 min.
ASTP precursor. Recovered August 18, 1974 5:02 GMT. Soyuz ASTP test.
Maneuver Summary:
195km X 305km orbit to 195km X 221km orbit. Delta V: 24 m/s
195km X 221km orbit to 223km X 223km orbit. Delta V: 8 m/s
231km X 231km orbit to 231km X 231km orbit. Delta V: 1 m/s
223km X 223km orbit to 231km X 231km orbit. Delta V: 4 m/s
231km X 231km orbit to 227km X 237km orbit. Delta V: 2 m/s
Total Delta V: 39 m/s.
Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
1974 August 16 - .
03:41 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 673 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 6. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 1991-06-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 7417 . COSPAR: 1974-066A. Apogee: 416 km (258 mi). Perigee: 399 km (247 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 92.70 min.
1974 August 26 - .
19:58 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Soyuz 15 - .
Call Sign: Duna (Danube ). Crew: Demin,
Sarafanov.
Backup Crew: Volynov,
Zholobov.
Support Crew: Rozhdestvensky,
Zudov.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T(A9) s/n 63. Mass: 6,760 kg (14,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Almaz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 15.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T/A9.
Duration: 2.01 days. Decay Date: 1974-08-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 7421 . COSPAR: 1974-067A. Apogee: 236 km (146 mi). Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.50 min.
Soyuz 15 was to conduct the second phase of manned operations aboard the Salyut 3 military space station, but the Igla rendezvous system failed and no docking was made. The two day flight could only be characterised as '... research in manoeuvring and docking with the OPS in various modes, and development of methods for evacuation and landing from space complex in new conditions....'
As Chelomei had complained, Soyuz had no reserves or backup systems for repeated manual docking attempts and had to be recovered after a two-day flight. The state commission found that the Igla docking system of the Soyuz needed serious modification. This could not be completed before Salyut 3 decayed. Therefore the planned Soyuz 16 spacecraft became excess to the program (it was later flown as Soyuz 20 to a civilian Salyut station, even though over its two year rated storage life).
Officially: Conduct of joint experiments with the Salyut-3 orbital scientific station.
1974 August 29 - .
07:39 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 674 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 9.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-09-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 7423 . COSPAR: 1974-068A. Apogee: 323 km (200 mi). Perigee: 175 km (108 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1974 September 20 - .
09:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 685 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-10-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 7445 . COSPAR: 1974-073A. Apogee: 281 km (174 mi). Perigee: 209 km (129 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1974 October 18 - .
15:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 688 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-10-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 7473 . COSPAR: 1974-078A. Apogee: 349 km (216 mi). Perigee: 179 km (111 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1974 October 22 - .
18:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 690 - .
Payload: Bion no. 2. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Biology.
Type: Biology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Bion.
Duration: 20.50 days. Decay Date: 1974-11-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 7478 . COSPAR: 1974-080A. Apogee: 364 km (226 mi). Perigee: 215 km (133 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.30 min. Biological research. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. .
1974 October 24 - .
12:39 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-28 - .
Payload: Molniya-1 s/n 26. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1985-12-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 7480 . COSPAR: 1974-081A. Apogee: 40,633 km (25,248 mi). Perigee: 607 km (377 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 735.80 min. Decay date suspect Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1974 October 25 - .
09:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 691 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-11-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 7483 . COSPAR: 1974-082A. Apogee: 317 km (196 mi). Perigee: 187 km (116 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1974 October 28 - .
10:17 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-19 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 19. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
USAF Sat Cat: 7490 . COSPAR: 1974-083A. Apogee: 882 km (548 mi). Perigee: 842 km (523 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 102.20 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1974 October 28 - .
14:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Luna 23 - .
Payload: Ye-8-5M s/n 410. Mass: 5,300 kg (11,600 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft Bus: Luna Ye-8.
Spacecraft: Luna Ye-8-5.
Decay Date: 1974-11-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 7491 . COSPAR: 1974-084A. Apogee: 105 km (65 mi). Perigee: 17 km (10 mi).
Failed lunar soil return mission. After successfully entering earth orbit, flying to the moon, entering lunar orbit, and descending toward the surface, the spacecraft was damaged during landing in Mare Crisium (Sea of Crises). The sample collecting apparatus could not operate and no samples were returned. The lander continued transmissions for three days after landing. In 1976, Luna 24 landed several hundred meters away and successfully returned samples. Parameters are for lunar orbit.
1974 November 1 - .
14:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 692 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-11-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 7502 . COSPAR: 1974-087A. Apogee: 295 km (183 mi). Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule. Second successful test of SpK small film return capsule planned for Yantar. SpK capsule FEU-170 No. 4L successfully recovered..
1974 November 4 - .
10:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511M.
- Cosmos 693 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-11-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 7509 . COSPAR: 1974-088A. Apogee: 243 km (150 mi). Perigee: 219 km (136 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
1974 November 16 - .
11:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 694 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-11-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 7533 . COSPAR: 1974-090A. Apogee: 336 km (208 mi). Perigee: 172 km (106 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1974 November 21 - .
10:33 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 3-01 - .
Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 11. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-3.
Decay Date: 1986-05-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 7540 . COSPAR: 1974-092A. Apogee: 40,095 km (24,913 mi). Perigee: 250 km (150 mi). Inclination: 64.10 deg. Period: 717.60 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. .
1974 November 27 - .
11:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 696 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-12-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 7551 . COSPAR: 1974-095A. Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1974 December 2 - .
09:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
1974 December 13 - .
13:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 697 - .
Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 2. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar.
Spacecraft: Yantar-2K.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1974-12-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 7571 . COSPAR: 1974-098A. Apogee: 392 km (243 mi). Perigee: 174 km (108 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.20 min.
Yantar second generation reconnaissance spacecraft. After failure of the first Yantar-2K launch, a review board recommended modifications to the Soyuz U launch vehicle. This second Yantar still used the Sokol control system from the Zenit and lacked the SpK small film recovery capsules. As planned, after 12 days, the main descent capsule was successfully recovered with its film.
1974 December 17 - .
11:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-20 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 20. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
USAF Sat Cat: 7574 . COSPAR: 1974-099A. Apogee: 868 km (539 mi). Perigee: 846 km (525 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 102.10 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1974 December 21 - .
02:19 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 2-11 - .
Payload: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-2.
Decay Date: 1988-07-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 7583 . COSPAR: 1974-102A. Apogee: 40,065 km (24,895 mi). Perigee: 305 km (189 mi). Inclination: 61.90 deg. Period: 718.10 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. .
1974 December 26 - .
04:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K.
- Salyut 4 - .
Payload: Zarya s/n 124. Mass: 18,500 kg (40,700 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned space station. Spacecraft Bus: Almaz.
Spacecraft: Salyut 4.
Duration: 768.82 days. Decay Date: 1977-02-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 7591 . COSPAR: 1974-104A. Apogee: 251 km (155 mi). Perigee: 212 km (131 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.10 min.
Deorbited February 2, 1977.
Maneuver Summary:
211km X 250km orbit to 215km X 286km orbit. Delta V: 11 m/s
211km X 284km orbit to 276km X 344km orbit. Delta V: 35 m/s
277km X 342km orbit to 338km X 351km orbit. Delta V: 19 m/s
330km X 340km orbit to 337km X 350km orbit. Delta V: 4 m/s
337km X 349km orbit to 339km X 351km orbit. Delta V: 1 m/s
332km X 348km orbit to 348km X 355km orbit. Delta V: 6 m/s
347km X 354km orbit to 343km X 351km orbit. Delta V: 1 m/s
335km X 344km orbit to 335km X 360km orbit. Delta V: 4 m/s
335km X 360km orbit to 342km X 361km orbit. Delta V: 2 m/s
330km X 351km orbit to 344km X 353km orbit. Delta V: 4 m/s
186km X 187km orbit to 90km X 186km orbit. Delta V: 28 m/s
Total Delta V: 87/115 m/s.
Officially: Further testing of station design, on-board systems and equipment; conduct of scientific and technical research and experiments in outer space. Further testing of station design, on-board systems and equipment; conduct of scientific and technical researc h and experiments in outer space.
1974 December 27 - .
09:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 701 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-01-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 7596 . COSPAR: 1974-106A. Apogee: 319 km (198 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 71.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 January 10 - .
21:43 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Soyuz 17 - .
Call Sign: Zenit (Zenith ). Crew: Grechko,
Gubarev.
Backup Crew: Lazarev,
Makarov.
Support Crew: Klimuk,
Sevastyanov.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 38. Mass: 6,800 kg (14,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 17.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
Duration: 29.56 days. Decay Date: 1975-02-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 7604 . COSPAR: 1975-001A. Apogee: 249 km (154 mi). Perigee: 185 km (114 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.80 min. Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 4. Joint experiments with the Salyut scientific orbital station..
1975 January 17 - .
09:07 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 702 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-01-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 7606 . COSPAR: 1975-002A. Apogee: 313 km (194 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 71.30 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1975 January 23 - .
11:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 704 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-02-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 7617 . COSPAR: 1975-005A. Apogee: 305 km (189 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 January 30 - .
15:02 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 706 - .
Payload: Oko #4. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
USAF Sat Cat: 7625 . COSPAR: 1975-007A. Apogee: 35,365 km (21,974 mi). Perigee: 4,977 km (3,092 mi). Inclination: 67.80 deg. Period: 717.60 min. Covered Oko constellation planes 7/8 - 182 degree longitude of ascending node..
1975 February 6 - .
04:49 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 2-12 - .
Payload: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-2.
Decay Date: 1985-07-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 7641 . COSPAR: 1975-009A. Apogee: 40,746 km (25,318 mi). Perigee: 653 km (405 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 738.70 min. Decay date suspect Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. .
1975 February 12 - .
14:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 709 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-02-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 7664 . COSPAR: 1975-013A. Apogee: 310 km (190 mi). Perigee: 181 km (112 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.40 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 February 26 - .
09:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 710 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-03-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 7675 . COSPAR: 1975-015A. Apogee: 335 km (208 mi). Perigee: 176 km (109 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 March 12 - .
08:55 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 719 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-03-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 7691 . COSPAR: 1975-018A. Apogee: 307 km (190 mi). Perigee: 175 km (108 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 March 21 - .
06:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 720 - .
Payload: Zenit-4MT Mod. Mass: 4,000 kg (8,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-04-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 7696 . COSPAR: 1975-019A. Apogee: 273 km (169 mi). Perigee: 212 km (131 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule..
1975 March 26 - .
08:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 721 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-04-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 7705 . COSPAR: 1975-020A. Apogee: 228 km (141 mi). Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 721 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1975-04-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 7721 . COSPAR: 1975-020F. Apogee: 215 km (133 mi). Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.59 min.
1975 March 27 - .
08:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 722 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-04-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 7709 . COSPAR: 1975-021A. Apogee: 337 km (209 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 71.40 deg. Period: 89.90 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 April 1 - .
12:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-21 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 21. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
USAF Sat Cat: 7714 . COSPAR: 1975-023A. Apogee: 884 km (549 mi). Perigee: 853 km (530 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 102.30 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1975 April 14 - .
17:53 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 3-02 - .
Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 12. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-3.
Decay Date: 1988-11-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 7738 . COSPAR: 1975-029A. Apogee: 39,323 km (24,434 mi). Perigee: 174 km (108 mi). Inclination: 61.90 deg. Period: 700.50 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. .
1975 April 16 - .
08:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 727 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-04-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 7742 . COSPAR: 1975-030A. Apogee: 334 km (207 mi). Perigee: 172 km (106 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 April 18 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 728 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-04-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 7745 . COSPAR: 1975-031A. Apogee: 311 km (193 mi). Perigee: 209 km (129 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 728 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1975-05-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 7779 . COSPAR: 1975-031G. Apogee: 313 km (194 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.63 min.
1975 April 24 - .
08:05 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 730 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-05-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 7770 . COSPAR: 1975-035A. Apogee: 234 km (145 mi). Perigee: 210 km (130 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 89.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 April 29 - .
10:24 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-29 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
USAF Sat Cat: 7780 . COSPAR: 1975-036A. Apogee: 38,379 km (23,847 mi). Perigee: 1,983 km (1,232 mi). Inclination: 63.80 deg. Period: 717.90 min. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network..
1975 May 21 - .
06:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 731 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-06-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 7810 . COSPAR: 1975-041A. Apogee: 296 km (183 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 731 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1975-06-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 7885 . COSPAR: 1975-041H. Apogee: 286 km (177 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.35 min.
1975 May 24 - .
14:58 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Soyuz 18 - .
Call Sign: Kavkas (Caucasus ). Crew: Klimuk,
Sevastyanov.
Backup Crew: Kovalyonok,
Ponomaryov.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 40. Mass: 6,825 kg (15,046 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 18.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
Duration: 62.97 days. Decay Date: 1975-07-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 7818 . COSPAR: 1975-044A. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). Perigee: 186 km (115 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.60 min. Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 4. Joint experiments with the Salyut scientific orbital station. The crew remained aloft aboard the station during the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project joint flight..
1975 May 28 - .
07:29 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 740 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-06-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 7821 . COSPAR: 1975-046A. Apogee: 327 km (203 mi). Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 May 30 - .
06:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
1975 June 3 - .
13:21 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 742 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-06-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 7900 . COSPAR: 1975-048A. Apogee: 355 km (220 mi). Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Inclination: 62.90 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 June 5 - .
01:38 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-30 - .
Payload: Molniya-1 s/n 24. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1987-08-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 7903 . COSPAR: 1975-049A. Apogee: 38,307 km (23,802 mi). Perigee: 121 km (75 mi). Inclination: 63.40 deg. Period: 679.10 min. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network..
1975 June 8 - .
02:38 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Venera 9 - .
Payload: 4V-1 s/n 660. Mass: 4,936 kg (10,882 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Venera.
Class: Venus.
Type: Venus probe. Spacecraft Bus: 4MV.
Spacecraft: Venera 4V-1.
USAF Sat Cat: 7915 . COSPAR: 1975-050A. Apogee: 112,200 km (69,700 mi). Perigee: 1,510 km (930 mi). Inclination: 34.15 deg. Period: 2,898.00 min.
Combined Venus orbiter/lander mission. After separation of the lander, the orbiter spacecraft entered Venus orbit and acted as a communications relay for the lander and explored cloud layers and atmospheric parameters. On October 20, 1975, the Descent Craft was separated from the Orbiter, and landing was made with the sun near zenith at 05:13 GMT on October 22. The Descent Craft included a system of circulating fluid to distribute the heat load. This system, plus precooling prior to entry, permitted operation of the spacecraft for 53 min after landing. The landing was about 2,200 km from the Venera 10 landing site. Preliminary results indicated: (A) clouds 30-40 km thick with bases at 30-35 km altitude, (B) atmospheric constituents including HCl, HF, Br, and I, (C) surface pressure about 90 (earth) atmospheres, (D) surface temperature 485 deg C, (E) light levels comparable to those at earth midlatitudes on a cloudy summer day, and (F) successful TV photography showing shadows, no apparent dust in the air, and a variety of 30-40 cm rocks which were not eroded. Venera 9 and 10 were the first
probes to send back black and white pictures from the Venusian surface. They were supposed to make 360 degree panoramic shots, but on both landers one of two camera covers failed to come off, restricting their field of view to 180 degrees. Parameters are for Venus orbit.
1975 June 12 - .
12:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 743 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-06-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 7925 . COSPAR: 1975-053A. Apogee: 331 km (205 mi). Perigee: 181 km (112 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 June 14 - .
03:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D.
- Venera 10 - .
Payload: 4V-1 s/n 661. Mass: 5,033 kg (11,095 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Venera.
Class: Venus.
Type: Venus probe. Spacecraft Bus: 4MV.
Spacecraft: Venera 4V-1.
USAF Sat Cat: 7947 . COSPAR: 1975-054A. Apogee: 113,900 km (70,700 mi). Perigee: 1,620 km (1,000 mi). Inclination: 29.50 deg. Period: 2,963.00 min.
The orbiter spacecraft entered Venus orbit and was separated from the lander on October 23, 1975. The lander touched down with the sun near zenith, at 05:17 GMT, on October 25. A system of circulating fluid was used to distribute the heat load. This system, plus precooling prior to entry, permitted operation of the spacecraft for 65 min after landing. During descent, heat dissipation and deceleration were accomplished sequentially by protective hemispheric shells, three parachutes, a disk-shaped drag brake, and a compressible, metal, doughnut-shaped, landing cushion. The landing was about 2,200 km distant from Venera 9. Preliminary results provided: (A) profile of altitude (km)/pressure (earth atmospheres) / temperature (deg C) of 42/3.3/158, 15/37/363, and 0/92/465, (B) successful TV photography showing large pancake rocks with lava or other weathered rocks in between, and (C) surface wind speed of 3.5 m/s. Venera 9 and 10 were the first probes to send back black and white pictures from the Venusian surface. They were supposed to make 360 degree panoramic shots, but on both landers one of two camera covers failed to come off, restricting their field of view to 180 degrees.
1975 June 20 - .
06:54 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 744 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 7. Mass: 2,500 kg (5,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 1991-10-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 7968 . COSPAR: 1975-056A. Apogee: 380 km (230 mi). Perigee: 367 km (228 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 92.00 min.
1975 June 25 - .
13:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 746 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-07-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 7985 . COSPAR: 1975-059A. Apogee: 325 km (201 mi). Perigee: 180 km (110 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 June 27 - .
13:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 747 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-07-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 7990 . COSPAR: 1975-060A. Apogee: 280 km (170 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 747 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1975-07-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 8013 . COSPAR: 1975-060F. Apogee: 281 km (174 mi). Perigee: 188 km (116 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.19 min.
1975 July 3 - .
13:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 748 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-07-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 8006 . COSPAR: 1975-061A. Apogee: 303 km (188 mi). Perigee: 190 km (110 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.40 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 July 8 - .
05:05 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 2-13 - .
Payload: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-2.
Decay Date: 2018-09-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 8015 . COSPAR: 1975-063A. Apogee: 38,492 km (23,917 mi). Perigee: 1,887 km (1,172 mi). Inclination: 63.90 deg. Period: 718.30 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. .
1975 July 11 - .
04:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 2-01 - .
Payload: Meteor-2 no. 1. Mass: 2,750 kg (6,060 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor-2.
USAF Sat Cat: 8026 . COSPAR: 1975-064A. Apogee: 876 km (544 mi). Perigee: 844 km (524 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 102.20 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1975 July 15 - .
12:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Soyuz 19 (ASTP) - .
Call Sign: Soyuz (Union ). Crew: Kubasov,
Leonov.
Backup Crew: Filipchenko,
Rukavishnikov.
Support Crew: Andreyev,
Dzhanibekov,
Ivanchenkov,
Romanenko.
Payload: Soyuz ASTP s/n 75 (EPSA). Mass: 6,790 kg (14,960 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: ASTP.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Apollo (ASTP),
Soyuz 19 (ASTP).
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-TM.
Duration: 5.94 days. Decay Date: 1975-07-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 8030 . COSPAR: 1975-065A. Apogee: 220 km (130 mi). Perigee: 186 km (115 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 88.50 min.
Soyuz 19 initial orbital parameters were 220.8 by 185.07 kilometres, at the desired inclination of 51.80°, while the period of the first orbit was 88.6 minutes. On 17 July the two spacecraft docked. The crew members rotated between the two spacecraft and conducted various mainly ceremonial activities. Leonov was on the American side for 5 hours, 43 minutes, while Kubasov spent 4:57 in the command and docking modules.
After being docked for nearly 44 hours, Apollo and Soyuz parted for the first time and were station-keeping at a range of 50 meters. The Apollo crew placed its craft between Soyuz and the sun so that the diameter of the service module formed a disk which blocked out the sun. After this experiment Apollo moved towards Soyuz for the second docking.
Three hours later Apollo and Soyuz undocked for the second and final time. The spacecraft moved to a 40 m station-keeping distance so that an ultraviolet absorption experiment could be performed.
With all the joint flight activities completed, the ships went on their separate ways.
1975 July 23 - .
13:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 751 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-08-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 8040 . COSPAR: 1975-068A. Apogee: 313 km (194 mi). Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1975 July 31 - .
13:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 753 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-08-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 8059 . COSPAR: 1975-071A. Apogee: 330 km (200 mi). Perigee: 181 km (112 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 August 13 - .
07:21 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 754 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-08-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 8069 . COSPAR: 1975-073A. Apogee: 326 km (202 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 71.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 August 22 - .
02:11 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 756 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 8. Mass: 2,500 kg (5,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 1992-11-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 8127 . COSPAR: 1975-076A. Apogee: 403 km (250 mi). Perigee: 394 km (244 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 92.50 min.
1975 August 27 - .
14:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 757 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-09-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 8147 . COSPAR: 1975-078A. Apogee: 316 km (196 mi). Perigee: 182 km (113 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 September 2 - .
13:09 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-31 - .
Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1.
Decay Date: 1985-11-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 8187 . COSPAR: 1975-079A. Apogee: 40,598 km (25,226 mi). Perigee: 633 km (393 mi). Inclination: 62.90 deg. Period: 735.60 min. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network..
1975 September 5 - .
14:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 758 - .
Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 3. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar.
Spacecraft: Yantar-2K.
Duration: 1.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-09-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 8191 . COSPAR: 1975-080A. Apogee: 326 km (202 mi). Perigee: 174 km (108 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.50 min.
Third Yantar-2K second generation reconnaissance flight, the first with the new Kondor attitude control system. This system experienced problems and failed on the second day of flight. The spacecraft's destruct package was activated by ground command and the spacecraft was destroyed on 6 September 1975 in its second day of flight.
1975 September 9 - .
00:19 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1975 September 12 - .
05:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 759 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-09-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 8275 . COSPAR: 1975-084A. Apogee: 276 km (171 mi). Perigee: 231 km (143 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
1975 September 16 - .
09:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 760 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-09-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 8281 . COSPAR: 1975-085A. Apogee: 335 km (208 mi). Perigee: 174 km (108 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 September 18 - .
00:12 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-22 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 22. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
USAF Sat Cat: 8293 . COSPAR: 1975-087A. Apogee: 909 km (564 mi). Perigee: 800 km (490 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 102.00 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1975 September 23 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 769 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-10-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 8322 . COSPAR: 1975-088A. Apogee: 307 km (190 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule. Third successful test of SpK small film return capsule planned for Yantar. SpK capsule FEU-170-13 No. 5L successfully recovered..
1975 September 25 - .
09:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 771 - .
Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 1. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Resurs.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-10-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 8327 . COSPAR: 1975-090A. Apogee: 219 km (136 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.70 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..
1975 September 29 - .
04:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 772 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-S s/n 2L. Mass: 6,750 kg (14,880 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-S.
Duration: 3.99 days. Decay Date: 1975-10-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 8338 . COSPAR: 1975-093A. Apogee: 245 km (152 mi). Perigee: 154 km (95 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 88.40 min.
Unmanned military Soyuz 7K-S test flight. Recovered October 3, 1975 4:10 GMT. Unsuccessful mission. Transmitted only on 166 MHz frequency, at none of the other usual Soyuz wavelengths.
Maneuver Summary:
193 km X 270 km orbit to 195 km X 300 km orbit. Delta V: 8 m/s
196 km X 300 km orbit to 196 km X 328 km orbit. Delta V: 8 m/s
Total Delta V: 16 m/s
1975 October 1 - .
08:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 774 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-10-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 8345 . COSPAR: 1975-095A. Apogee: 315 km (195 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 71.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 October 8 - .
00:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
- Cosmos 775 - .
Payload: SPRN No. 1. Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Prognoz SPRN.
Completed Operations Date: 1975-10-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 8357 . COSPAR: 1975-097A. Apogee: 35,853 km (22,277 mi). Perigee: 35,749 km (22,213 mi). Inclination: 14.90 deg. Period: 1,436.80 min.
First launch of a prototype for a new geosynchronous ballistic missile early warning satellite. Exploded in orbit. The next launch did not come until nine years later, so this may have been a version of the Oko elliptical orbit early warning satellite. As of 29 August 2001 located at 113.71 deg E drifting at 0.044 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 54.82E drifting at 0.255W degrees per day.
1975 October 17 - .
14:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 776 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-10-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 8369 . COSPAR: 1975-101A. Apogee: 288 km (178 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 776 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1975-11-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 8412 . COSPAR: 1975-101D. Apogee: 272 km (169 mi). Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.16 min.
1975 November 4 - .
15:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 779 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-11-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 8420 . COSPAR: 1975-104A. Apogee: 341 km (211 mi). Perigee: 182 km (113 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 November 14 - .
19:14 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1975 November 17 - .
14:36 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Soyuz 20 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T(A9) s/n 64. Mass: 6,700 kg (14,700 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T/A9.
Duration: 90.49 days. Decay Date: 1976-02-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 8430 . COSPAR: 1975-106A. Apogee: 251 km (155 mi). Perigee: 184 km (114 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.80 min.
Unmanned long duration test of the Soyuz transport vehicle; docked with Salyut 4. Recovered February 16, 1976 2:24 GMT. Comprehensive checking of improved on-board systems of the space craft under various flight conditions. Carried a biological payload. Living organisms were exposed to three months in space.
1975 November 21 - .
09:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 780 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-12-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 8442 . COSPAR: 1975-108A. Apogee: 278 km (172 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 780 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1975-12-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 8460 . COSPAR: 1975-108D. Apogee: 268 km (166 mi). Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.15 min.
1975 November 25 - .
17:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 782 - .
Payload: Bion no. 3. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Biology.
Type: Biology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Bion.
Duration: 19.50 days. Decay Date: 1975-12-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 8450 . COSPAR: 1975-110A. Apogee: 384 km (238 mi). Perigee: 218 km (135 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.50 min.
Biological research. Continued investigation of the effects of space flight on living organisms. Capsule recovered 52 deg 17 min N, 64 deg 11 min E. The Cosmos 782 mission marked the first time that the United States participated in the Soviet Cosmos Program. Scientists from France, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. participated in these investigations. Additional Details: here....
1975 December 3 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 784 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-12-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 8463 . COSPAR: 1975-113A. Apogee: 231 km (143 mi). Perigee: 215 km (133 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 784 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1975-12-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 8485 . COSPAR: 1975-113G. Apogee: 217 km (134 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.71 min.
1975 December 16 - .
09:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 786 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-12-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 8489 . COSPAR: 1975-120A. Apogee: 325 km (201 mi). Perigee: 184 km (114 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1975 December 17 - .
11:06 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1975 December 22 - .
02:08 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1975 December 22 - .
13:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
- Raduga 1 - .
Payload: Raduga s/n 11L. Mass: 1,940 kg (4,270 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-3.
Spacecraft: Raduga .
Completed Operations Date: 1978-01-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 8513 . COSPAR: 1975-123A. Apogee: 35,807 km (22,249 mi). Perigee: 35,758 km (22,218 mi). Inclination: 13.30 deg. Period: 1,435.90 min.
Statsionar-1. Provision of uninterrupted round-the-clock telephone and telegraph radio-communications system in the USSR, transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit over the Indian Ocean at 85 deg E in 1975-1978? As of 27 August 2001 located at 70.55 deg E drifting at 0.084 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 85.79E drifting at 0.009E degrees per day.
1975 December 25 - .
19:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-23 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 23. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
USAF Sat Cat: 8519 . COSPAR: 1975-124A. Apogee: 868 km (539 mi). Perigee: 850 km (520 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 102.10 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1975 December 27 - .
10:22 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1976 January 7 - .
15:35 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 788 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-01-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 8551 . COSPAR: 1976-002A. Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). Perigee: 183 km (113 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1976 January 22 - .
11:38 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1976 January 29 - .
08:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 799 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-02-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 8616 . COSPAR: 1976-009A. Apogee: 306 km (190 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 71.40 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1976 February 11 - .
08:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 802 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-02-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 8681 . COSPAR: 1976-013A. Apogee: 334 km (207 mi). Perigee: 172 km (106 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1976 February 20 - .
14:01 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 805 - .
Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 4. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar.
Spacecraft: Yantar-2K.
Duration: 20.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-03-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 8699 . COSPAR: 1976-018A. Apogee: 351 km (218 mi). Perigee: 171 km (106 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.70 min.
Fourth Yantar-2K second generation reconnaissance flight and the first with two SpK small film recovery capsules. First flight of the completely equipped satellite. The main reentry capsule and its film cargo were returned successfully. Both SpK capsules successfully separated from the Yantar in the course of the flight, but neither was recovered. The parachutes of the first did not deploy and the capsule crashed into the ground. The solid motor of the second capsule did not fire as programmed and the capsule did not deorbit at the expected time.
1976 March 10 - .
08:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 806 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-03-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 8737 . COSPAR: 1976-020A. Apogee: 328 km (203 mi). Perigee: 188 km (116 mi). Inclination: 71.40 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1976 March 11 - .
19:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1976 March 16 - .
17:22 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 808 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 9. Mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 1993-11-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 8754 . COSPAR: 1976-024A. Apogee: 370 km (220 mi). Perigee: 363 km (225 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 91.90 min.
1976 March 18 - .
09:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 809 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-03-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 8758 . COSPAR: 1976-025A. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1976 March 19 - .
19:31 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1976 March 26 - .
15:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 810 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-04-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 8772 . COSPAR: 1976-028A. Apogee: 338 km (210 mi). Perigee: 181 km (112 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1976 March 31 - .
12:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511M.
- Cosmos 811 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-04-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 8781 . COSPAR: 1976-030A. Apogee: 338 km (210 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 90.00 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; also performed mapping, geodesy, earth resources; deployed capsule..
1976 April 7 - .
13:05 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-24 - .
Payload: Meteor M s/n 37. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
USAF Sat Cat: 8799 . COSPAR: 1976-032A. Apogee: 881 km (547 mi). Perigee: 832 km (516 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 102.10 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1976 April 9 - .
08:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 813 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-04-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 8801 . COSPAR: 1976-033A. Apogee: 236 km (146 mi). Perigee: 209 km (129 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1976 April 28 - .
09:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 815 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-05-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 8811 . COSPAR: 1976-036A. Apogee: 231 km (143 mi). Perigee: 218 km (135 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 89.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1976 May 5 - .
07:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 817 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-05-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 8823 . COSPAR: 1976-040A. Apogee: 324 km (201 mi). Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1976 May 12 - .
17:57 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1976 May 15 - .
13:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-25 - .
Payload: Meteor-Priroda s/n 2-1. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor-Priroda.
USAF Sat Cat: 8845 . COSPAR: 1976-043A. Apogee: 884 km (549 mi). Perigee: 829 km (515 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 102.10 min. Continuation of experimental work in studying the natural resources of the earth..
1976 May 20 - .
09:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 819 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-06-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 8853 . COSPAR: 1976-045A. Apogee: 293 km (182 mi). Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1976 May 21 - .
07:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 820 - .
Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 2. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Resurs.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-06-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 8856 . COSPAR: 1976-046A. Apogee: 217 km (134 mi). Perigee: 209 km (129 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 88.80 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..
1976 May 26 - .
09:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 821 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-06-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 8862 . COSPAR: 1976-048A. Apogee: 314 km (195 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1976 June 8 - .
07:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 824 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-06-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 8877 . COSPAR: 1976-052A. Apogee: 325 km (201 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 71.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1976 June 16 - .
13:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 833 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-06-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 8898 . COSPAR: 1976-055A. Apogee: 316 km (196 mi). Perigee: 180 km (110 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.40 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1976 June 22 - .
18:04 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K.
- Salyut 5 - .
Payload: Almaz s/n 103-01. Mass: 19,000 kg (41,000 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Almaz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned space station. Spacecraft Bus: Almaz.
Spacecraft: Almaz OPS.
Duration: 411.24 days. Decay Date: 1977-08-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 8911 . COSPAR: 1976-057A. Apogee: 232 km (144 mi). Perigee: 215 km (133 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.90 min.
Second successful flight of the Almaz manned military space station. It had taken only 60 days and 1450 man-hours to prepare Almaz 0101-2 for flight, using the services of 368 officers and 337 non-commissioned officers. The tracking ships Academician Sergei Korolev and Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin were stationed in the Atlantic and Caribean to provide communications when out of tracking range of the USSR. Salyut 5 operated for 409 days, during which the crews of Soyuz 22 and 24 visited the station. Soyuz 23 was to have docked but its long-distance rendezvous system failed. Soyuz 25 was planned, but the mission would have been incomplete due to low orientation fuel on Salyut 5, so it was cancelled.
During the flight of Salyut 5 a 'parallel crew' was aboard a duplicate station on the ground. They conducted the same operations in support of over 300 astrophysical, geophysical, technological, and medical/biological experiments. Astrophysics studies included an infrared telescope-spectrometer in the 2-15 micrometer range which also obtained solar spectra. Earth resources studies were conducted as well as Kristall, Potok, Diffuziya, Sfera, and Reatsiya technology experiments. Presumably Salyut 5 was equipped with a SAR side-looking radar for reconnaissance of land and sea targets even through cloud cover.
The film capsule was ejected 22 February 1977 (and sold at Sotheby's, New York, on December 11, 1993!). The station was deorbited on 8 August 1977. In addition to the human crew two Russian tortoises (Testudo horsfieldi) and Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were flown.
The results of the Salyut 3 and 5 flights showed that manned reconnaissance was not worth the expense. There was minimal time to operate the equipment after the crew took the necessary time for maintenance of station housekeeping and environmental control systems. The experiments themselves showed good results and especially the value of reconnaissance of the same location in many different spectral bands and parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Additional Details: here....
1976 June 24 - .
07:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 834 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-07-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 8914 . COSPAR: 1976-058A. Apogee: 237 km (147 mi). Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1976 June 29 - .
07:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Voskhod 11A57.
- Cosmos 835 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-07-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 8922 . COSPAR: 1976-060A. Apogee: 317 km (196 mi). Perigee: 174 km (108 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.40 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1976 July 1 - .
08:06 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
FAILURE: Fourth stage failure..
Failed Stage: U.
- Cosmos 837 - .
Payload: Molniya-2 s/n 27. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-2.
Decay Date: 1983-11-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 8927 . COSPAR: 1976-062A. Apogee: 936 km (581 mi). Perigee: 438 km (272 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 98.50 min. Failed Molniya..
1976 July 6 - .
12:08 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
1976 July 14 - .
09:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 840 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-07-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 9019 . COSPAR: 1976-068A. Apogee: 319 km (198 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1976 July 22 - .
15:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 844 - .
Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 5. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar.
Spacecraft: Yantar-2K.
Duration: 3.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-08-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 9046 . COSPAR: 1976-072A. Apogee: 353 km (219 mi). Perigee: 172 km (106 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Fifth Yantar second generation reconnaissance test flight. One of the solar panels would not unfold. Ground control activiated the destruct package and the spacecraft was destroyed on 25 July..
1976 July 23 - .
15:49 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1976 August 4 - .
13:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 847 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-08-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 9214 . COSPAR: 1976-079A. Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). Perigee: 181 km (112 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1976 August 9 - .
15:04 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D-1.
- Luna 24 - .
Payload: Ye-8-5M s/n 413. Mass: 5,306 kg (11,697 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Luna.
Class: Moon.
Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft Bus: Luna Ye-8.
Spacecraft: Luna Ye-8-5.
Decay Date: 1976-08-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 9272 . COSPAR: 1976-081A. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi). Perigee: 115 km (71 mi). Inclination: 120.00 deg. Period: 119.00 min.
Lunar Sample Return. Landed on Moon 18 Aug 1976 at 02:00:00 GMT, Latitude 12.25 N, Longitude 62.20 E - Mare Crisium (Sea of Crisis). The last of the Luna series of spacecraft, Luna 24 was the third Soviet mission to retrieve lunar ground samples (the first two were returned by Luna 16 and 20). The mission successfully returned 170 grams of lunar samples to the Earth on 22 August 1976.
1976 August 12 - .
13:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 848 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-08-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 9280 . COSPAR: 1976-082A. Apogee: 303 km (188 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 848 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1976-09-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 9374 . COSPAR: 1976-082D. Apogee: 280 km (170 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.29 min.
1976 August 27 - .
14:35 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 851 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 10. Mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 1989-08-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 9389 . COSPAR: 1976-085A. Apogee: 313 km (194 mi). Perigee: 300 km (180 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 90.70 min.
1976 August 28 - .
09:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 852 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-09-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 9391 . COSPAR: 1976-086A. Apogee: 332 km (206 mi). Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1976 September 1 - .
03:23 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
FAILURE: Fourth stage failure..
Failed Stage: U.
- Cosmos 853 - .
Payload: Molniya-2 s/n 26. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-2.
Decay Date: 1976-12-31 . USAF Sat Cat: 9398 . COSPAR: 1976-088A. Apogee: 461 km (286 mi). Perigee: 243 km (150 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 91.60 min. Failed Molniya..
1976 September 3 - .
09:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 854 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-09-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 9405 . COSPAR: 1976-090A. Apogee: 308 km (191 mi). Perigee: 167 km (103 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1976 September 11 - .
18:24 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
1976 September 15 - .
09:48 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
1976 September 21 - .
11:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 855 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-10-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 9433 . COSPAR: 1976-095A. Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). Perigee: 221 km (137 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.90 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; also performed mapping, geodesy, earth resources; deployed capsule..
1976 September 22 - .
09:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 856 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-10-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 9435 . COSPAR: 1976-096A. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 856 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1976-10-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 9448 . COSPAR: 1976-096E. Apogee: 290 km (180 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.39 min.
1976 September 24 - .
15:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 857 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-10-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 9439 . COSPAR: 1976-097A. Apogee: 331 km (205 mi). Perigee: 177 km (109 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1976 October 10 - .
09:35 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 859 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-10-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 9471 . COSPAR: 1976-099A. Apogee: 337 km (209 mi). Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resources tasks..
1976 October 14 - .
17:39 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz 11A511.
- Soyuz 23 - .
Call Sign: Radon (Radon ). Crew: Rozhdestvensky,
Zudov.
Backup Crew: Glazkov,
Gorbatko.
Support Crew: Berezovoi,
Lisun.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T(A9) s/n 65. Mass: 6,760 kg (14,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Almaz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 23.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T/A9.
Duration: 2.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-10-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 9477 . COSPAR: 1976-100A. Apogee: 269 km (167 mi). Perigee: 239 km (148 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.50 min.
The Soyuz 23 ferry spacecraft suffered a docking system failure. Sensors indicated an incorrect lateral velocity, causing unnecessary firing of the thrusters during rendezvous. The automatic system was turned off, but no fuel remained for a manual docking by the crew.
1976 October 15 - .
22:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-26 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 26. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
USAF Sat Cat: 9481 . COSPAR: 1976-102A. Apogee: 887 km (551 mi). Perigee: 836 km (519 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 102.20 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1976 October 22 - .
09:12 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 862 - .
Payload: Oko #5. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
USAF Sat Cat: 9495 . COSPAR: 1976-105A. Apogee: 36,759 km (22,840 mi). Perigee: 3,620 km (2,240 mi). Inclination: 68.30 deg. Period: 718.30 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 5 - 86 degree longitude of ascending node..
1976 October 25 - .
14:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 863 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-11-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 9499 . COSPAR: 1976-106A. Apogee: 348 km (216 mi). Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1976 October 26 - .
14:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
1976 November 1 - .
11:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 865 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-11-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 9515 . COSPAR: 1976-109A. Apogee: 326 km (202 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 865 - .
Payload: MKA?. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1977-02-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 9525 . COSPAR: 1976-109G. Apogee: 431 km (267 mi). Perigee: 214 km (132 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 90.98 min.
1976 November 11 - .
10:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 866 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-11-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 9532 . COSPAR: 1976-110A. Apogee: 287 km (178 mi). Perigee: 180 km (110 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.20 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1976 November 23 - .
16:27 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 867 - .
Payload: Zenit-6 no. 1. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-12-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 9552 . COSPAR: 1976-111A. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi). Perigee: 250 km (150 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 91.10 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1976 November 25 - .
03:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1976 November 29 - .
16:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 869 - .
Payload: Soyuz 7K-S s/n 3L. Mass: 6,800 kg (14,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-S.
Duration: 17.77 days. Decay Date: 1976-12-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 9564 . COSPAR: 1976-114A. Apogee: 289 km (179 mi). Perigee: 209 km (129 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.40 min.
Unmanned military Soyuz 7K-S test flight. Recovered December 17, 1976 10:31 GMT. Transmitted only on 20.008 MHz and 166 MHz frequencies, at none of the other usual Soyuz wavelengths.
Maneuver Summary:
196 km X 290 km orbit to 187 km X 335 km orbit. Delta V: 15 m/s
187 km X 335 km orbit to 259 km X 335 km orbit. Delta V: 21 m/s
259 km X 335 km orbit to 260 km X 345 km orbit. Delta V: 2 m/s
260 km X 345 km orbit to 265 km X 368 km orbit. Delta V: 7 m/s
265 km X 368 km orbit to 267 km X 391 km orbit. Delta V: 6 m/s
267 km X 391 km orbit to 300 km X 310 km orbit. Delta V: 32 m/s
Total Delta V: 83 m/s
1976 December 2 - .
02:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1976 December 9 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 879 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-12-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 9599 . COSPAR: 1976-119A. Apogee: 225 km (139 mi). Perigee: 213 km (132 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1976 December 15 - .
01:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K.
- Cosmos 881 - .
Payload: TKS VA s/n 009P. Mass: 4,250 kg (9,360 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Almaz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: TKS.
Spacecraft: TKS VA .
Duration: 0.0600 days. Decay Date: 1976-12-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 9606 . COSPAR: 1976-121A. Apogee: 241 km (149 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.90 min.
Launch of mission LVI-1 came at 04:00 on 15 December. At 176 seconds the ADU escape tower separated from the LVI. Once the final stage had shut down in orbit, by command from the launch vehicle sequencer, the VA 009A (also given as 009P) and its TDU separated from the LVI. Two seconds later VA 009 (or 009L) was ejected. Fifteen minutes after launch all systems of the both VA capsules were in operation. The guidance system detected the direction of flight and oriented each spacecraft for retro-fire, and the pair began the return to earth after less than one revolution. At an external atmospheric pressure of 165 mm (10 km altitude) the NO section jettisoned, the three-cupola drogue parachute ejected, and the antennae and altimeter were deployed. The Komara landing radio beacon (installed on the landing section of the parachute) was activated when the spacecraft was 1.0 to 1.5 m above the ground - which occurred at the same moment on both 009 and 009A. The Kaktus special system tripped the soft landing PRSP (parachute landing propulsion system). The soft landing was accomplished with higher accuracy than Soyuz, both capsules being recovered at 44 deg N, 73 deg E, on December 15, 1976 3:00 GMT. The flights were officially given the designations Cosmos 881 (VA 009A) and Cosmos 882 (VA 009). US intelligence believed them to be tests of recoverable manned spaceplane prototypes.
- Cosmos 882 - .
Payload: TKS VA s/n 009L. Mass: 4,250 kg (9,360 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Almaz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: TKS.
Spacecraft: TKS VA.
Decay Date: 1976-12-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 9607 . COSPAR: 1976-121B. Apogee: 213 km (132 mi). Perigee: 191 km (118 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.50 min. Test of TKS-VA capsule. Two satellites launched by a single rocket..
1976 December 17 - .
09:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 884 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1976-12-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 9614 . COSPAR: 1976-123A. Apogee: 345 km (214 mi). Perigee: 169 km (105 mi). Inclination: 65.10 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1976 December 28 - .
06:38 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1977 January 6 - .
09:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 888 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-01-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 9658 . COSPAR: 1977-001A. Apogee: 325 km (201 mi). Perigee: 170 km (100 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1977 January 6 - .
23:17 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 2-02 - .
Payload: Meteor-2 no. 2. Mass: 2,750 kg (6,060 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor-2.
USAF Sat Cat: 9661 . COSPAR: 1977-002A. Apogee: 893 km (554 mi). Perigee: 876 km (544 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 102.70 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service..
1977 January 20 - .
08:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 889 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-02-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 9735 . COSPAR: 1977-003A. Apogee: 329 km (204 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 71.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1977 February 7 - .
16:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Soyuz 24 - .
Call Sign: Terek (Terek - river in the Caucasus). Crew: Glazkov,
Gorbatko.
Backup Crew: Berezovoi,
Lisun.
Support Crew: Kozelsky,
Preobrazhensky.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T(A9) s/n 66. Mass: 6,800 kg (14,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Almaz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 24.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T/A9.
Duration: 17.73 days. Decay Date: 1977-02-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 9804 . COSPAR: 1977-008A. Apogee: 264 km (164 mi). Perigee: 226 km (140 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.30 min.
Soyuz 24 docked with Salyut 5 and brought repair equipment and equipment for a change of cabin atmosphere. This special apparatus was designed to allow the entire station to be vented through the EVA airlock. Because of this the planned EVA was cancelled. However analysis after arrival showed no toxins in the air. The crew changed the cabin air anyway, then returned to earth. The mission, although a short 18 days, was characterised as a busy and successful mission, accomplishing nearly as much as the earlier Soyuz 21's 50 day mission.
1977 February 9 - .
11:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 892 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-02-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 9812 . COSPAR: 1977-009A. Apogee: 427 km (265 mi). Perigee: 159 km (98 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 90.40 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1977 February 11 - .
14:57 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1977 February 26 - .
21:18 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 895 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 11. Mass: 2,500 kg (5,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 1992-03-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 9853 . COSPAR: 1977-015A. Apogee: 442 km (274 mi). Perigee: 433 km (269 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 93.30 min.
1977 March 3 - .
10:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 896 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-03-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 9857 . COSPAR: 1977-016A. Apogee: 206 km (128 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 88.60 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1977 March 10 - .
11:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 897 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-03-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 9860 . COSPAR: 1977-017A. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). Perigee: 171 km (106 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1977 March 17 - .
08:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 898 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-03-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 9871 . COSPAR: 1977-020A. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 898 - .
Payload: Nauka?. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1977-04-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 9887 . COSPAR: 1977-020D. Apogee: 219 km (136 mi). Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.77 min.
1977 March 24 - .
11:51 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1977 April 5 - .
02:05 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-27 - .
Payload: Meteor M no. 27. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor M 11F614.
USAF Sat Cat: 9903 . COSPAR: 1977-024A. Apogee: 887 km (551 mi). Perigee: 844 km (524 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 102.30 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. .
1977 April 7 - .
08:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 902 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-04-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 9908 . COSPAR: 1977-026A. Apogee: 279 km (173 mi). Perigee: 168 km (104 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1977 April 11 - .
01:38 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 903 - .
Payload: Oko #6. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
Decay Date: 2014-08-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 9911 . COSPAR: 1977-027A. Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Perigee: 4,559 km (2,832 mi). Inclination: 67.40 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 7 - 163 degree longitude of ascending node..
1977 April 20 - .
09:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 904 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-05-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 9930 . COSPAR: 1977-028A. Apogee: 328 km (203 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 71.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1977 April 26 - .
14:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 905 - .
Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 6. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar.
Spacecraft: Yantar-2K.
Duration: 30.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-05-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 9937 . COSPAR: 1977-030A. Apogee: 413 km (256 mi). Perigee: 170 km (100 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 90.30 min.
Sixth Yantar second generation reconnaissance test flight and first completely successful flight. Both small SpK film capsules successfully recovered during course of flight, as was the main OSA cabin with its camera, computer, and main film cannisters. First full duration Yantar flight.
1977 April 28 - .
09:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1977 May 5 - .
14:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 907 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-05-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 9944 . COSPAR: 1977-033A. Apogee: 364 km (226 mi). Perigee: 181 km (112 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.90 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1977 May 17 - .
10:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 908 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-05-31 . USAF Sat Cat: 10007 . COSPAR: 1977-035A. Apogee: 288 km (178 mi). Perigee: 174 km (108 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.10 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1977 May 26 - .
07:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 912 - .
Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 4. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Resurs.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-06-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 10021 . COSPAR: 1977-040A. Apogee: 225 km (139 mi). Perigee: 217 km (134 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..
1977 May 31 - .
07:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 914 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-06-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 10030 . COSPAR: 1977-043A. Apogee: 284 km (176 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 914 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1977-07-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 10046 . COSPAR: 1977-043E. Apogee: 291 km (180 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.41 min.
1977 June 8 - .
14:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 915 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-06-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 10038 . COSPAR: 1977-045A. Apogee: 289 km (179 mi). Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.10 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1977 June 10 - .
08:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 916 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-06-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 10040 . COSPAR: 1977-046A. Apogee: 304 km (188 mi). Perigee: 255 km (158 mi). Inclination: 62.70 deg. Period: 90.10 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; also performed mapping, geodesy, earth resources; deployed capsule..
1977 June 16 - .
01:58 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 917 - .
Payload: Oko #7. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
USAF Sat Cat: 10059 . COSPAR: 1977-047A. Apogee: 36,143 km (22,458 mi). Perigee: 4,196 km (2,607 mi). Inclination: 67.60 deg. Period: 717.50 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 9 - 245 degree longitude of ascending node..
1977 June 22 - .
08:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 920 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-07-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 10086 . COSPAR: 1977-052A. Apogee: 342 km (212 mi). Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1977 June 24 - .
05:41 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-37 - .
Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1T.
Decay Date: 1993-05-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 10092 . COSPAR: 1977-054A. Apogee: 4,564 km (2,835 mi). Perigee: 106 km (65 mi). Inclination: 62.60 deg. Period: 134.90 min. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network. .
1977 June 29 - .
18:34 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-28 - .
Payload: Meteor-Priroda s/n 2-2. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor-Priroda.
Decay Date: 1993-08-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 10113 . COSPAR: 1977-057A. Apogee: 338 km (210 mi). Perigee: 332 km (206 mi). Inclination: 97.40 deg. Period: 91.20 min. Continuation of experimental work in studying the natural resources of the earth. Acquisition of meteorological information required for use in the operational weather service. .
1977 June 30 - .
14:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 922 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-07-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 10115 . COSPAR: 1977-058A. Apogee: 283 km (175 mi). Perigee: 221 km (137 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1977 July 7 - .
07:25 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 925 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 12. Mass: 2,500 kg (5,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 1993-04-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 10134 . COSPAR: 1977-061A. Apogee: 275 km (170 mi). Perigee: 269 km (167 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 90.00 min.
1977 July 12 - .
09:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 927 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-07-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 10139 . COSPAR: 1977-063A. Apogee: 361 km (224 mi). Perigee: 153 km (95 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1977 July 17 - .
09:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K.
- Cosmos 929 - .
Payload: TKS s/n 16101. Mass: 19,000 kg (41,000 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Almaz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft: TKS .
Duration: 199.62 days. Decay Date: 1978-02-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 10146 . COSPAR: 1977-066A. Apogee: 260 km (160 mi). Perigee: 226 km (140 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.40 min.
First test of TKS manned shuttle. Maneuvered extensively. TKS-VA capsule returned to earth August 16, 1977. Deorbited February 2, 1978.
Maneuver Summary:
214 km X 261 km orbit to 215 km X 279 km orbit. Delta V: 5 m/s
207 km X 261 km orbit to 208 km X 264 km orbit. Delta V: 1 m/s
208 km X 260 km orbit to 209 km X 267 km orbit. Delta V: 2 m/s
192 km X 222 km orbit to 219 km X 232 km orbit. Delta V: 9 m/s
219 km X 232 km orbit to 303 km X 327 km orbit. Delta V: 51 m/s
303 km X 327 km orbit to 312 km X 318 km orbit. Delta V: 4 m/s
312 km X 319 km orbit to 314 km X 325 km orbit. Delta V: 1 m/s
284 km X 294 km orbit to 290 km X 301 km orbit. Delta V: 3 m/s
288 km X 300 km orbit to 286 km X 305 km orbit. Delta V: 1 m/s
285 km X 303 km orbit to 439 km X 447 km orbit. Delta V: 84 m/s
437 km X 448 km orbit to 335 km X 437 km orbit. Delta V: 31 m/s
335 km X 437 km orbit to 337 km X 438 km orbit. Delta V: 1 m/s
337 km X 438 km orbit to 90 km X 337 km orbit. Delta V: 100 m/s
Total Delta V: 193/293 m/s
Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
1977 July 20 - .
04:44 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 931 - .
Payload: Oko #8. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
USAF Sat Cat: 10150 . COSPAR: 1977-068A. Apogee: 36,549 km (22,710 mi). Perigee: 3,770 km (2,340 mi). Inclination: 66.50 deg. Period: 717.10 min. Replaced Cosmos 665. Covered Oko constellation plane 2 - 323 degree longitude of ascending node..
1977 July 20 - .
07:35 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 932 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-08-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 10153 . COSPAR: 1977-069A. Apogee: 358 km (222 mi). Perigee: 150 km (90 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1977 July 23 - .
21:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC200/40.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
1977 July 27 - .
18:07 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 934 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-08-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 10164 . COSPAR: 1977-072A. Apogee: 255 km (158 mi). Perigee: 231 km (143 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1977 July 29 - .
08:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 935 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-08-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 10168 . COSPAR: 1977-073A. Apogee: 251 km (155 mi). Perigee: 217 km (134 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 89.20 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1977 August 3 - .
14:01 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 936 - .
Payload: Bion no. 4. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Biology.
Type: Biology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Bion.
Duration: 18.60 days. Decay Date: 1977-08-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 10172 . COSPAR: 1977-074A. Apogee: 396 km (246 mi). Perigee: 219 km (136 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.60 min.
Biological research. Scientists from the U.S.S.R., the U.S., Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and the German Democratic Republic conducted experiments in physics and biology on the mission. The biosatellite was recovered at 51 deg 53 min N, 61 deg 30 min E, near Kustanay in Central Asia after remaining in orbit for 18.5 days. Additional Details: here....
1977 August 24 - .
14:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 938 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-09-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 10281 . COSPAR: 1977-078A. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). Perigee: 181 km (112 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1977 August 27 - .
10:09 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 947 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-09-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 10299 . COSPAR: 1977-081A. Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1977 August 30 - .
18:06 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1977 September 2 - .
09:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 948 - .
Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 5. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Resurs.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-09-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 10319 . COSPAR: 1977-083A. Apogee: 235 km (146 mi). Perigee: 217 km (134 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..
1977 September 6 - .
17:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
1977 September 13 - .
15:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 950 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-09-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 10351 . COSPAR: 1977-086A. Apogee: 282 km (175 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1977 September 16 - .
14:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 953 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-09-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 10359 . COSPAR: 1977-089A. Apogee: 330 km (200 mi). Perigee: 180 km (110 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1977 September 20 - .
01:01 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 955 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 13. Mass: 2,500 kg (5,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 2000-09-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 10362 . COSPAR: 1977-091A. Apogee: 501 km (311 mi). Perigee: 493 km (306 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 94.60 min.
1977 September 20 - .
17:28 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC200/40.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
1977 September 22 - .
00:51 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1977 September 29 - .
06:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K.
- Salyut 6 - .
Payload: Zarya s/n 125 s/n 5L. Mass: 19,824 kg (43,704 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned space station. Spacecraft Bus: Almaz.
Spacecraft: Salyut 6.
Duration: 1,763.71 days. Decay Date: 1982-07-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 10382 . COSPAR: 1977-097A. Apogee: 237 km (147 mi). Perigee: 188 km (116 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.70 min.
Conduct of scientific and technical research and experiments; further testing of station design, on-board system and equipment. Soyuz 25 docking unsuccessful. EVA 20 Dec 1977 to examine forward docking port (no damage). EVA 29 July 1978 to retrieve externally mounted experiments (micrometeorites, biopolymers, radiation plates, materials tests). Soyuz 33 failure to dock due to propulsion failure April 1979. Soyuz 34 launched unmanned to provide replacement vehicle June 1979. EVA August 15 to dislodge 10 m diameter KRT-10 radio telescope from aft docking collar. Repair mission Soyuz T-3 December 1980 (temperature control hydraulics). Repair mission Soyuz T-4 March 1981 (stuck solar array). Salyut ejected a module on May 31 (perhaps retained Soyuz Orbital Module). Kosmos 1267 docks 19 June 1981. Commanded to reentry using Kosmos 1267 propulsion system over Pacific July 29 1982. Additional Details: here....
1977 September 30 - .
09:46 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 957 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-10-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 10385 . COSPAR: 1977-098A. Apogee: 361 km (224 mi). Perigee: 171 km (106 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1977 October 9 - .
02:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Soyuz 25 - .
Call Sign: Foton (Photon). Crew: Kovalyonok,
Ryumin.
Backup Crew: Ivanchenkov,
Romanenko.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 42. Mass: 6,860 kg (15,120 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 25.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
Duration: 2.03 days. Decay Date: 1977-10-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 10401 . COSPAR: 1977-099A. Apogee: 240 km (140 mi). Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.80 min. Manned two crew. Unsuccessful mission. Failed to dock with Salyut 6..
1977 October 11 - .
15:14 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 958 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-10-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 10403 . COSPAR: 1977-100A. Apogee: 351 km (218 mi). Perigee: 257 km (159 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.60 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1977 October 28 - .
01:37 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 3-08 - .
Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 18. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-3.
USAF Sat Cat: 10455 . COSPAR: 1977-105A. Apogee: 38,508 km (23,927 mi). Perigee: 1,840 km (1,140 mi). Inclination: 63.70 deg. Period: 717.70 min. Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system; transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation. .
1977 December 4 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 964 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-12-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 10498 . COSPAR: 1977-110A. Apogee: 362 km (224 mi). Perigee: 171 km (106 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.90 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1977 December 10 - .
01:18 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Soyuz 26 - .
Call Sign: Taimyr (Taimyr - Russian peninsula). Crew: Grechko,
Romanenko.
Backup Crew: Ivanchenkov,
Kovalyonok.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 43. Mass: 6,800 kg (14,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 26.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
Duration: 37.42 days. Decay Date: 1978-01-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 10506 . COSPAR: 1977-113A. Apogee: 235 km (146 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.80 min. Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Carried Yuri Romanenko, Georgi Grechko to Salyut 6; returned crew of Soyuz 27 to Earth. Conduct of joint experiments with the Salyut-6 scientific station..
1977 December 12 - .
09:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 966 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-12-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 10510 . COSPAR: 1977-115A. Apogee: 296 km (183 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 966 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1978-01-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 10538 . COSPAR: 1977-115D. Apogee: 276 km (171 mi). Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.24 min.
1977 December 14 - .
09:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 2-03 - .
Payload: Meteor-2 no. 3. Mass: 2,750 kg (6,060 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor-2.
USAF Sat Cat: 10514 . COSPAR: 1977-117A. Apogee: 874 km (543 mi). Perigee: 847 km (526 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 102.20 min. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service..
1977 December 20 - .
15:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 969 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-01-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 10527 . COSPAR: 1977-120A. Apogee: 317 km (196 mi). Perigee: 180 km (110 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1977 December 27 - .
09:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 973 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-01-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 10540 . COSPAR: 1977-124A. Apogee: 325 km (201 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 71.50 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 973 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1978-01-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 10558 . COSPAR: 1977-124D. Apogee: 312 km (193 mi). Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Inclination: 71.40 deg. Period: 89.61 min.
1978 January 6 - .
15:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 974 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-01-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 10554 . COSPAR: 1978-001A. Apogee: 334 km (207 mi). Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1978 January 10 - .
12:26 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Soyuz 27 - .
Call Sign: Pamir (Pamir mountains). Crew: Dzhanibekov,
Makarov.
Backup Crew: Ivanchenkov,
Kovalyonok.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 44. Mass: 6,800 kg (14,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 26,
Soyuz 27.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
Duration: 64.95 days. Decay Date: 1978-03-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 10560 . COSPAR: 1978-003A. Apogee: 237 km (147 mi). Perigee: 190 km (110 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.70 min. Manned two crew. Carried Oleg Makarov, Vladimir Dzhanibekov to Salyut 6; returned crew of Soyuz 26 to Earth. Docked with Salyut 6..
1978 January 10 - .
13:23 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 975 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 14. Mass: 4,000 kg (8,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 2001-09-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 10561 . COSPAR: 1978-004A. Apogee: 522 km (324 mi). Perigee: 513 km (318 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 95.00 min.
1978 January 13 - .
15:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 984 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-01-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 10592 . COSPAR: 1978-006A. Apogee: 291 km (180 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1978 January 20 - .
08:24 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Progress 1 - .
Payload: Progress s/n 102. Mass: 7,020 kg (15,470 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 26.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Progress.
Duration: 18.73 days. Completed Operations Date: 1978-02-08 02:00:20 . Decay Date: 1978-02-08 02:00:20 . USAF Sat Cat: 10603 . COSPAR: 1978-008A. Apogee: 256 km (159 mi). Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.70 min.
Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 22 Jan 1978 10:12:14 GMT. Undocked on 6 Feb 1978 05:54:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 8 Feb 1978 02:00:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.91 days. Total docked time 14.82 days.
1978 January 24 - .
06:51 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1978 January 24 - .
09:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 986 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-02-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 10607 . COSPAR: 1978-010A. Apogee: 318 km (197 mi). Perigee: 172 km (106 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.40 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1978 January 31 - .
14:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 987 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-02-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 10639 . COSPAR: 1978-013A. Apogee: 322 km (200 mi). Perigee: 189 km (117 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1978 February 8 - .
12:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 988 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-02-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 10666 . COSPAR: 1978-015A. Apogee: 335 km (208 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.90 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable; also performed mapping, geodesy, earth resources tasks..
1978 February 14 - .
09:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 989 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-02-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 10672 . COSPAR: 1978-017A. Apogee: 318 km (197 mi). Perigee: 169 km (105 mi). Inclination: 65.10 deg. Period: 89.40 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1978 March 2 - .
15:28 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
1978 March 2 - .
22:07 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-39 - .
Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1T.
Decay Date: 1992-03-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 10696 . COSPAR: 1978-024A. Apogee: 39,957 km (24,828 mi). Perigee: 401 km (249 mi). Inclination: 62.00 deg. Period: 717.90 min. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network. .
1978 March 4 - .
07:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 992 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-03-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 10699 . COSPAR: 1978-025A. Apogee: 323 km (200 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 71.30 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1978 March 10 - .
10:42 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 993 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-03-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 10725 . COSPAR: 1978-027A. Apogee: 325 km (201 mi). Perigee: 190 km (110 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1978 March 17 - .
10:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 995 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-03-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 10735 . COSPAR: 1978-030A. Apogee: 227 km (141 mi). Perigee: 209 km (129 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1978 March 30 - .
00:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
Launch Pad: LC81/24?.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K.
- Cosmos 997 - .
Payload: TKS VA s/n 102L. Mass: 4,250 kg (9,360 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Almaz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Cosmos 997.
Spacecraft Bus: TKS.
Spacecraft: TKS VA .
Decay Date: 1978-03-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 10770 . COSPAR: 1978-032A. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.70 min.
Given the on-pad explosion of the LVI-2 launch attempt, plans to crew the upper VA re-entry capsule in the next test was abandoned. LVI-3 (VA's 102P and 102L / Cosmos 997 and Cosmos 998) was launched unmanned four months behind the original schedule. Both capsules were recovered after one orbit. One source indicates that one of the capsules was 009P, on its third launch and second flight to orbit. This was said to have demonstrated the multiple re-entry capability of the heat shield and the first planned reuse of a spacecraft (Gemini 2 was refurbished and reflown as MOL-1 in the 1960's, but was not designed for that purpose).
- Cosmos 998 - .
Payload: TKS VA s/n 102P. Mass: 4,250 kg (9,360 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Almaz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: TKS.
Spacecraft: TKS VA.
Decay Date: 1978-03-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 10771 . COSPAR: 1978-032B. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.70 min. Dual reentry test of two TKS-VA capsules. Recovered March 30, 1978 after one orbit..
1978 March 30 - .
07:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 999 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-04-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 10773 . COSPAR: 1978-033A. Apogee: 352 km (218 mi). Perigee: 174 km (108 mi). Inclination: 71.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1978 April 4 - .
15:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1001 - .
Payload: Soyuz T s/n 4L. Mass: 6,850 kg (15,100 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz T.
Duration: 10.87 days. Decay Date: 1978-04-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 10783 . COSPAR: 1978-036A. Apogee: 228 km (141 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.70 min.
Manned precursor. Recovered April 15, 1978 12:02 GMT. Unsuccessful mission. Soyuz T test -failure.
Maneuver Summary:
202 km X 231 km orbit to 195 km X 291 km orbit. Delta V: 19 m/s
195 km X 291 km orbit to 306 km X 322 km orbit. Delta V: 40 m/s
306 km X 322 km orbit to 308 km X 318 km orbit. Delta V: 1 m/s
Total Delta V: 60 m/s.
Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
1978 April 6 - .
09:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1002 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-04-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 10785 . COSPAR: 1978-037A. Apogee: 283 km (175 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 65.10 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1978 April 20 - .
15:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1003 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-05-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 10811 . COSPAR: 1978-040A. Apogee: 328 km (203 mi). Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1978 May 5 - .
15:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1004 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-05-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 10846 . COSPAR: 1978-043A. Apogee: 290 km (180 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 1004 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1978-06-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 10852 . COSPAR: 1978-043G. Apogee: 414 km (257 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.68 min.
1978 May 12 - .
04:07 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 1005 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 15. Mass: 4,000 kg (8,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 2000-06-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 10860 . COSPAR: 1978-045A. Apogee: 494 km (306 mi). Perigee: 485 km (301 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 94.40 min.
1978 May 16 - .
10:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1007 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-05-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 10895 . COSPAR: 1978-048A. Apogee: 350 km (210 mi). Perigee: 168 km (104 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resources tasks..
1978 May 23 - .
07:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1010 - .
Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 6. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Resurs.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-06-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 10915 . COSPAR: 1978-052A. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). Perigee: 217 km (134 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..
1978 May 25 - .
14:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1012 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-06-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 10919 . COSPAR: 1978-054A. Apogee: 265 km (164 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.20 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1978 June 2 - .
12:12 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-40 - .
Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1T.
USAF Sat Cat: 10925 . COSPAR: 1978-055A. Apogee: 38,729 km (24,065 mi). Perigee: 1,627 km (1,010 mi). Inclination: 63.90 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..
1978 June 10 - .
08:35 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1021 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-06-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 10939 . COSPAR: 1978-057A. Apogee: 313 km (194 mi). Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.40 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1978 June 12 - .
10:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1022 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-06-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 10944 . COSPAR: 1978-059A. Apogee: 344 km (213 mi). Perigee: 171 km (106 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1978 June 15 - .
20:16 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Soyuz 29 - .
Call Sign: Foton (Photon). Crew: Ivanchenkov,
Kovalyonok.
Backup Crew: Lyakhov,
Ryumin.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 46. Mass: 6,800 kg (14,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 29.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
Duration: 79.64 days. Decay Date: 1978-09-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 10952 . COSPAR: 1978-061A. Apogee: 248 km (154 mi). Perigee: 193 km (119 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Placed on board the Salyut-6 station a crew consisting of V.V. Kovalenko and A.S. Ivanchenkov to conduct scientific and technological investigations and experiments..
1978 June 27 - .
15:27 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Soyuz 30 - .
Call Sign: Kavkas (Caucasus ). Crew: Hermaszewski,
Klimuk.
Backup Crew: Jankowski,
Kubasov.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T(A9) s/n 67. Mass: 6,800 kg (14,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 29,
Soyuz 30.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T/A9.
Duration: 7.92 days. Decay Date: 1978-07-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 10968 . COSPAR: 1978-065A. Apogee: 244 km (151 mi). Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.80 min. Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Placed on board the Salyut-6 station, under the Intercosmos programme, a second, international, crew consisting of P.I. Klimuk (USSR) and M. Hermaszewski (Poland) to conduct scientific investigations and experiments..
1978 June 28 - .
02:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 1024 - .
Payload: Oko #9. Mass: 2,030 kg (4,470 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
USAF Sat Cat: 10970 . COSPAR: 1978-066A. Apogee: 35,365 km (21,974 mi). Perigee: 4,984 km (3,096 mi). Inclination: 67.30 deg. Period: 717.70 min. Replaced Cosmos 931. Covered Oko constellation plane 2 - 323 degree longitude of ascending node..
1978 July 2 - .
09:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1026 - .
Payload: Energia s/n 2. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Energia satellite.
Duration: 4.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-07-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 10977 . COSPAR: 1978-069A. Apogee: 247 km (153 mi). Perigee: 212 km (131 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Investigation of primary cosmic radiation and meteoritic particles in near-earth outer space..
1978 July 7 - .
11:26 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Progress 2 - .
Payload: Progress s/n 101. Mass: 7,014 kg (15,463 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 29.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Progress.
Duration: 27.59 days. Completed Operations Date: 1978-08-04 01:30:51 . Decay Date: 1978-08-04 01:30:51 . USAF Sat Cat: 10979 . COSPAR: 1978-070A. Apogee: 307 km (190 mi). Perigee: 248 km (154 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 90.00 min.
Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 9 Jul 1978 12:58:59 GMT. Undocked on 2 Aug 1978 04:57:44 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 4 Aug 1978 01:31:07 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.92 days. Total docked time 23.67 days.
1978 July 14 - .
15:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-41 - .
Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1T.
Decay Date: 1992-02-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 10984 . COSPAR: 1978-072A. Apogee: 38,306 km (23,802 mi). Perigee: 260 km (160 mi). Inclination: 61.80 deg. Period: 681.90 min. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network..
1978 July 18 - .
21:59 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC200/40.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
1978 August 5 - .
15:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1028 - .
Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 14. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar.
Spacecraft: Yantar-2K.
Duration: 30.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-09-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 10995 . COSPAR: 1978-076A. Apogee: 247 km (153 mi). Perigee: 170 km (100 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 88.70 min. Successful full duration flight. Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission..
1978 August 7 - .
22:31 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Progress 3 - .
Payload: Progress s/n 103. Mass: 7,014 kg (15,463 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 29.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Progress.
Duration: 15.76 days. Completed Operations Date: 1978-08-24 16:44:38 . Decay Date: 1978-08-24 16:44:38 . USAF Sat Cat: 10999 . COSPAR: 1978-077A. Apogee: 232 km (144 mi). Perigee: 190 km (110 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.70 min.
Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 9 Aug 1978 23:59:30 GMT. Undocked on 21 Aug 1978 15:42:50 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 23 Aug 1978 16:45:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 4.10 days. Total docked time 11.66 days.
1978 August 22 - .
23:47 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-42 - .
Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1T.
Decay Date: 2015-08-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 11007 . COSPAR: 1978-080A. Apogee: 34,374 km (21,358 mi). Perigee: 1,181 km (733 mi). Inclination: 63.80 deg. Period: 622.70 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. .
1978 August 26 - .
14:51 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Soyuz 31 - .
Call Sign: Yastreb (Hawk ). Crew: Bykovsky,
Jaehn.
Backup Crew: Gorbatko,
Koellner.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 47. Mass: 6,800 kg (14,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 29,
Soyuz 31.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
Duration: 67.84 days. Decay Date: 1978-11-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 11010 . COSPAR: 1978-081A. Apogee: 243 km (150 mi). Perigee: 193 km (119 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.80 min. Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Delivered to the Salyut-6 station the third international 'Intercosmos' crew consisting of V F Bykovsky (USSR) and S Jaehn (German Democratic Republic) to carry out scientific research and experiments..
1978 August 29 - .
15:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1029 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 10.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-09-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 11012 . COSPAR: 1978-082A. Apogee: 316 km (196 mi). Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1978 September 6 - .
03:04 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 1030 - .
Payload: Oko #10. Mass: 2,030 kg (4,470 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
Decay Date: 2004-08-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 11015 . COSPAR: 1978-083A. Apogee: 36,185 km (22,484 mi). Perigee: 4,131 km (2,566 mi). Inclination: 66.20 deg. Period: 717.00 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 4 - 39 degree longitude of ascending node..
1978 September 9 - .
03:25 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D-1.
- Venera 11 - .
Payload: 4V-1 s/n 360. Mass: 4,715 kg (10,394 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Venera.
Class: Venus.
Type: Venus probe. Spacecraft Bus: 4MV.
Spacecraft: Venera 4V-1.
USAF Sat Cat: 11020 . COSPAR: 1978-084A.
Venera 11 was part of a two-spacecraft mission to study Venus and the interplanetary medium. Each of the two spacecraft, Venera 11 and Venera 12, consisted of a flight platform and a lander probe. Identical instruments were carried on both spacecraft. Venera 11 was launched into a 177 x 205 km, 51.5 degree inclination earth orbit from which it was propelled into a 3.5 month Venus transfer orbit. After ejection of the lander probe, the flight platform continued on past Venus in a heliocentric orbit. Near encounter with Venus occurred on December 25, 1978, at approximately 34,000 km altitude. The flight platform acted as a data relay for the descent craft for 95 minutes until it flew out of range and returned its own measurements on interplanetary space. The Venera 11 descent craft separated from its flight platform on December 23, 1978 and entered the Venus atmosphere two days later at 11.2 km/sec. During the descent, it employed aerodynamic braking followed by parachute braking and ending with atmospheric braking. It made a soft landing on the surface at 06:24 Moscow time on 25 December after a descent time of approximately 1 hour. The touchdown speed was 7-8 m/s.
Both Venera 11 and 12 landers failed to return colour television views of
the surface and perform soil analysis experiments. All of the camera protective covers failed to eject after landing (the cause was not established) The soil drilling experiment was apparently damaged by a leak in the soil collection device, the interior of which was exposed to the high Venusian atmospheric pressure. The leak had probably formed during the descent phase because the lander was less aerodynamically stable than had been thought.
Two further experiments on the lander failed as well. Results reported included evidence of lightning and thunder, a high Ar36/Ar40 ratio, and the discovery of carbon monoxide at low altitudes.
1978 September 9 - .
15:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1031 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-09-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 11022 . COSPAR: 1978-085A. Apogee: 329 km (204 mi). Perigee: 182 km (113 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1978 September 14 - .
02:25 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/D-1.
- Venera 12 - .
Payload: 4V-1 s/n 361. Mass: 4,715 kg (10,394 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Venera.
Class: Venus.
Type: Venus probe. Spacecraft Bus: 4MV.
Spacecraft: Venera 4V-1.
USAF Sat Cat: 11025 . COSPAR: 1978-086A.
Venera 12 was part of a two-spacecraft mission to study Venus and the interplanetary medium. Each of the two spacecraft, Venera 11 and Venera 12, consisted of a flight platform and a lander probe. Identical instruments were carried on both spacecraft. Venera 12 was launched into a 177 x 205 km, 51.5 degree inclination Earth orbit from which it was propelled into a 3.5 month Venus transfer orbit which involved two mid-course corrections, on 21 September and 14 December. After ejection of the lander probe on 19 December, two days before encounter, the flight platform continued on past Venus in a heliocentric orbit. Near encounter with Venus occurred on December 21, 1978, at approximately 34,000 km altitude. The flight platform acted as a data relay for the descent craft for 110 minutes until it flew out of range and returned to its own measurements on interplanetary space. The Venera 12 descent craft entered the Venus atmosphere at 11.2 km/sec two days after separation from the flight bus. During the descent, it employed aerodynamic braking followed by parachute braking and ending with atmospheric braking. It made a soft landing on the surface at 06:30 Moscow time on 21 December after a descent time of approximately 1 hour. The touchdown speed was 7-8 m/s.
Both Venera 11 and 12 landers failed to return colour television views of the surface and perform soil analysis experiments. All of the camera protective covers failed to eject after landing (the cause was not established) The soil drilling experiment was apparently damaged by a leak in the soil collection device, the interior of which was exposed to the high Venusian atmospheric pressure. The leak had probably formed during the descent phase because the lander was less aerodynamically stable than had been thought. Therefore the landing gear of the following two landers (Venera-13/14) were equipped with tooth-shaped stabilisers.
Results reported included evidence of lightning and thunder, a high Ar36/Ar40 ratio, and the discovery of carbon monoxide at low altitudes.
The Venera-12 flyby bus continued in solar orbit and successfully used its Soviet-French ultraviolet spectrometer to study Comet Bradfield on 13 February 1980 (one year and two months after its Venus encounter). At that time the spacecraft was 190,373,790 km from Earth.
1978 September 19 - .
08:05 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1032 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-10-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 11029 . COSPAR: 1978-088A. Apogee: 226 km (140 mi). Perigee: 215 km (133 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 1032 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1978-10-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 11038 . COSPAR: 1978-088D. Apogee: 187 km (116 mi). Perigee: 171 km (106 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.07 min.
1978 October 3 - .
11:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1033 - .
Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 7. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Resurs.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-10-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 11039 . COSPAR: 1978-089A. Apogee: 231 km (143 mi). Perigee: 212 km (131 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..
1978 October 3 - .
23:09 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Progress 4 - .
Payload: Progress s/n 105. Mass: 7,014 kg (15,463 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 29.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Progress.
Duration: 22.72 days. Completed Operations Date: 1978-10-27 16:27:43 . Decay Date: 1978-10-27 16:27:43 . USAF Sat Cat: 11040 . COSPAR: 1978-090A. Apogee: 247 km (153 mi). Perigee: 185 km (114 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.80 min.
Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 6 Oct 1978 01:00:15 GMT. Undocked on 24 Oct 1978 13:01:52 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 26 Oct 1978 16:28:13 GMT. Total free-flight time 4.22 days. Total docked time 18.50 days.
1978 October 6 - .
15:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1042 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-10-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 11052 . COSPAR: 1978-092A. Apogee: 299 km (185 mi). Perigee: 179 km (111 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1978 October 10 - .
19:44 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 1043 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 17. Mass: 4,000 kg (8,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 1998-02-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 11055 . COSPAR: 1978-094A. Apogee: 433 km (269 mi). Perigee: 425 km (264 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 93.20 min.
1978 October 13 - .
05:19 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1978 October 17 - .
15:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1044 - .
Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-10-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 11065 . COSPAR: 1978-097A. Apogee: 295 km (183 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1978 October 30 - .
05:23 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Prognoz 7 - .
Payload: SO-M s/n 507. Mass: 950 kg (2,090 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft: Prognoz.
Decay Date: 1980-09-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 11088 . COSPAR: 1978-101A. Apogee: 202,627 km (125,906 mi). Perigee: 472 km (293 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 5,881.10 min.
Magnetospheric investigations. Investigation of the corpuscular and electromagnetic radiation of the sun, of solar plasma fluxes and of the magnetic fields in circumterrestrial space in order to determine the effects of solar activity on the interplanetary medium and the magnetosphere of the earth; investigation of galactic ultraviolet rays, X-rays and gamma rays. In addition to Soviet apparatus, carried scientific apparatus produced in the USSR, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, France, the Hungarian People's Republic and Sweden.
1978 November 1 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1046 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-11-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 11098 . COSPAR: 1978-102A. Apogee: 324 km (201 mi). Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; also performed mapping, geodesy, earth resources tasks; deployed capsule..
1978 November 15 - .
11:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1047 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-11-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 11108 . COSPAR: 1978-104A. Apogee: 354 km (219 mi). Perigee: 171 km (106 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1978 November 21 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1049 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-12-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 11118 . COSPAR: 1978-107A. Apogee: 338 km (210 mi). Perigee: 169 km (105 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1978 November 28 - .
16:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1050 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-12-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 11121 . COSPAR: 1978-108A. Apogee: 341 km (211 mi). Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1978 December 7 - .
15:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1059 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-12-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 11137 . COSPAR: 1978-110A. Apogee: 338 km (210 mi). Perigee: 180 km (110 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1978 December 8 - .
09:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1060 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-12-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 11139 . COSPAR: 1978-111A. Apogee: 291 km (180 mi). Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1978 December 14 - .
15:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1061 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-12-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 11148 . COSPAR: 1978-114A. Apogee: 310 km (190 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; deployed capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 1061 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1979-01-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 11167 . COSPAR: 1978-114C. Apogee: 296 km (183 mi). Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.43 min.
1978 December 19 - .
01:35 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 1063 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 18. Mass: 4,000 kg (8,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 2001-11-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 11155 . COSPAR: 1978-117A. Apogee: 524 km (325 mi). Perigee: 518 km (321 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 95.10 min.
1978 December 19 - .
12:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC200/40.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
FAILURE: Block DM malfunction, wrong orbit..
Failed Stage: U.
1978 December 23 - .
08:39 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 1066 - .
Payload: Astrofizika s/n 1. Mass: 2,750 kg (6,060 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Astronomy.
Type: X-ray astronomy satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Astrofizika.
USAF Sat Cat: 11165 . COSPAR: 1978-121A. Apogee: 890 km (550 mi). Perigee: 819 km (508 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 102.00 min. Probable failure. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. .
1978 December 26 - .
15:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1068 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-01-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 11169 . COSPAR: 1978-123A. Apogee: 389 km (241 mi). Perigee: 191 km (118 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.40 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1978 December 28 - .
16:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1069 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-01-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 11173 . COSPAR: 1978-124A. Apogee: 289 km (179 mi). Perigee: 254 km (157 mi). Inclination: 62.90 deg. Period: 89.90 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; also performed mapping, geodesy, earth resources tasks; separated capsule..
1979 January 11 - .
15:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1070 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 9.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-01-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 11229 . COSPAR: 1979-001A. Apogee: 293 km (182 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
- Nauka Cosmos 1070 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1979-01-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 11245 . COSPAR: 1979-001F. Apogee: 280 km (170 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.29 min.
1979 January 13 - .
15:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1071 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-01-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 11233 . COSPAR: 1979-002A. Apogee: 339 km (210 mi). Perigee: 179 km (111 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1979 January 18 - .
15:42 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1979 January 25 - .
05:43 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 1-29 - .
Payload: Meteor-Priroda s/n 2-3. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor-Priroda.
USAF Sat Cat: 11251 . COSPAR: 1979-005A. Apogee: 596 km (370 mi). Perigee: 546 km (339 mi). Inclination: 97.80 deg. Period: 96.10 min.
Obtaining information needed for research into the natural resources of the earth and the development of methods for remote sensing of the underlying surface, and obtaining meteorological information. In addition to Soviet apparatus, carried scientific ap paratus from the German Democratic Republic.
1979 January 30 - .
15:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1073 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 29.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-02-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 11255 . COSPAR: 1979-006A. Apogee: 328 km (203 mi). Perigee: 182 km (113 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1979 January 31 - .
09:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1074 - .
Payload: Soyuz T s/n 5L. Mass: 6,850 kg (15,100 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz T.
Duration: 60.04 days. Decay Date: 1979-04-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 11259 . COSPAR: 1979-008A. Apogee: 238 km (147 mi). Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.80 min.
Manned precursor. Recovered April 1, 1979 10:09 GMT. Soyuz T Test.
Maneuver Summary:
197 km X 240 km orbit to 255 km X 297 km orbit. Delta V: 33 m/s
255 km X 297 km orbit to 264 km X 306 km orbit. Delta V: 4 m/s
264 km X 306 km orbit to 309 km X 321 km orbit. Delta V: 17 m/s
309 km X 321 km orbit to 279 km X 357 km orbit. Delta V: 18 m/s
279 km X 357 km orbit to 352 km X 402 km orbit. Delta V: 32 m/s
352 km X 402 km orbit to 363 km X 384 km orbit. Delta V: 8 m/s
Total Delta V: 112 m/s
Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
1979 February 13 - .
21:41 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 1077 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 19. Mass: 4,000 kg (8,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 2000-06-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 11268 . COSPAR: 1979-012A. Apogee: 491 km (305 mi). Perigee: 485 km (301 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 94.40 min.
1979 February 21 - .
07:49 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC200/40.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
1979 February 22 - .
12:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1078 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-03-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 11276 . COSPAR: 1979-016A. Apogee: 280 km (170 mi). Perigee: 168 km (104 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1979 February 25 - .
11:53 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Soyuz 32 - .
Call Sign: Proton (Proton ). Crew: Lyakhov,
Ryumin.
Backup Crew: Lebedev,
Popov.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 48. Mass: 6,800 kg (14,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 32.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
Duration: 110.18 days. Decay Date: 1979-06-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 11281 . COSPAR: 1979-018A. Apogee: 256 km (159 mi). Perigee: 193 km (119 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Transported a team consisting of V A Lyakhov and V V Ryumin to the Salyut-6 space station to conduct scientific investigations and experiments and repair work. Recovered June 15, 1979 16:18 GMT. Returned unmanned..
1979 February 27 - .
15:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1079 - .
Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 15. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar.
Spacecraft: Yantar-2K.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-03-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 11283 . COSPAR: 1979-019A. Apogee: 337 km (209 mi). Perigee: 174 km (108 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance. Spacecraft depressurization led to malfunction of spacecraft. Deorbited after 12 days..
1979 March 1 - .
18:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 2-04 - .
Payload: Meteor-2 no. 4. Mass: 2,750 kg (6,060 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor-2.
USAF Sat Cat: 11288 . COSPAR: 1979-021A. Apogee: 872 km (541 mi). Perigee: 839 km (521 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 102.00 min. Acquisition of meteorological information required for use in the operational weather service with the aid of advanced equipment..
1979 March 12 - .
05:47 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Progress 5 - .
Payload: Progress s/n 104. Mass: 7,014 kg (15,463 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 32.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Progress.
Duration: 23.77 days. Completed Operations Date: 1979-04-05 00:09:54 . Decay Date: 1979-04-05 00:09:54 . USAF Sat Cat: 11292 . COSPAR: 1979-022A. Apogee: 256 km (159 mi). Perigee: 183 km (113 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.80 min.
Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 14 Mar 1979 07:19:21 GMT. Undocked on 3 Apr 1979 16:10:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 5 Apr 1979 00:10:22 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.40 days. Total docked time 20.37 days.
1979 March 14 - .
10:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1080 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-03-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 11294 . COSPAR: 1979-023A. Apogee: 294 km (182 mi). Perigee: 169 km (105 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.10 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1979 March 31 - .
10:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1090 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-04-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 11313 . COSPAR: 1979-027A. Apogee: 320 km (190 mi). Perigee: 217 km (134 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..
1979 April 10 - .
17:34 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Soyuz 33 - .
Call Sign: Saturn (Saturn ). Crew: Ivanov, Georgi,
Rukavishnikov.
Backup Crew: Aleksandrov, Aleksandr,
Romanenko.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 49. Mass: 6,860 kg (15,120 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 32,
Soyuz 33.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
Duration: 1.96 days. Decay Date: 1979-04-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 11324 . COSPAR: 1979-029A. Apogee: 261 km (162 mi). Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Manned two crew. Flight under the Intercosmos programme of an international team consisting of N N Rukavishnikov (USSR) and G I Ivanov (Bulgaria). Unsuccessful mission. Failed to rendezvous with Salyut 6..
1979 April 12 - .
00:28 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-43 - .
Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1T.
Decay Date: 1989-12-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 11328 . COSPAR: 1979-031A. Apogee: 39,936 km (24,815 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 64.00 deg. Period: 713.40 min. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network..
1979 April 14 - .
05:27 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 1093 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 20. Mass: 4,000 kg (8,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 2000-03-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 11331 . COSPAR: 1979-032A. Apogee: 487 km (302 mi). Perigee: 474 km (294 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 94.20 min.
1979 April 20 - .
11:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1095 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-05-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 11335 . COSPAR: 1979-034A. Apogee: 379 km (235 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 90.30 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1979 April 25 - .
03:44 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC200/40.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
1979 April 27 - .
17:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1097 - .
Payload: Yantar-4K1 s/n 1. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar.
Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1.
Duration: 30.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-05-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 11348 . COSPAR: 1979-037A. Apogee: 331 km (205 mi). Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. First flight test of Yantar-4K1 satellite. Returned as planned after 30 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission..
1979 May 13 - .
04:17 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Progress 6 - .
Payload: Progress s/n 106. Mass: 7,014 kg (15,463 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 32.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Progress.
Duration: 27.61 days. Completed Operations Date: 1979-06-09 18:52:36 . Decay Date: 1979-06-09 18:52:36 . USAF Sat Cat: 11356 . COSPAR: 1979-039A. Apogee: 247 km (153 mi). Perigee: 190 km (110 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.80 min.
Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 15 May 1979 06:19:22 GMT. Undocked on 8 Jun 1979 07:59:41 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 9 Jun 1979 18:52:46 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.54 days. Total docked time 24.07 days.
1979 May 15 - .
11:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1098 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-05-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 11358 . COSPAR: 1979-040A. Apogee: 354 km (219 mi). Perigee: 170 km (100 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resources tasks..
1979 May 17 - .
07:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1099 - .
Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 8. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Resurs.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-05-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 11360 . COSPAR: 1979-041A. Apogee: 247 km (153 mi). Perigee: 215 km (133 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..
1979 May 22 - .
23:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/24.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K.
- Cosmos 1100 - .
Payload: TKS VA s/n 102P. Mass: 4,250 kg (9,360 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Almaz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Cosmos 1100.
Spacecraft Bus: TKS.
Spacecraft: TKS VA .
Duration: 0.0600 days. Decay Date: 1979-05-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 11362 . COSPAR: 1979-042A. Apogee: 222 km (137 mi). Perigee: 193 km (119 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.60 min.
The Proton launch vehicle that shut down on the original LVI-4 launch attempt was undamaged, and just a month later, with a switch of payload, LVI-4 was orbited as Cosmos 1100 and 1101. The pair launched were the 102P/102L twins from LVI-3. One capsule failed when the automatic system suffered an electrical distribution failure and it did not land correctly, spending two orbits in space, while the other landed as planned after one orbit. The launch again successfully demonstrated the reusability of the VA capsule. Plans to launch the upper capsule manned were scrubbed due to the inability to get two consecutive failure-free launches of the Proton/TKS-VA.
- Cosmos 1101 - .
Payload: TKS VA s/n 102L. Mass: 4,250 kg (9,360 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Almaz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: TKS.
Spacecraft: TKS VA.
Decay Date: 1979-05-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 11363 . COSPAR: 1979-042B. Apogee: 222 km (137 mi). Perigee: 193 km (119 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.60 min. Test of TKS-VA manned capsule. Two satellites launched by a single rocket..
1979 May 25 - .
07:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Nauka Cosmos 1102 - .
Payload: Nauka. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1979-07-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 11390 . COSPAR: 1979-043D. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi). Perigee: 162 km (100 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 87.91 min.
1979 May 31 - .
16:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1103 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-06-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 11376 . COSPAR: 1979-045A. Apogee: 375 km (233 mi). Perigee: 257 km (159 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.80 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1979 June 5 - .
23:28 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 3-12 - .
Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 21. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-3.
Decay Date: 1992-09-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 11384 . COSPAR: 1979-048A. Apogee: 19,362 km (12,030 mi). Perigee: 126 km (78 mi). Inclination: 63.00 deg. Period: 339.60 min. Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system; transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation. .
1979 June 6 - .
18:12 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
1979 June 8 - .
07:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1105 - .
Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 9. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Resurs.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-06-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 11394 . COSPAR: 1979-052A. Apogee: 254 km (157 mi). Perigee: 212 km (131 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.20 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..
1979 June 12 - .
07:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Nauka Cosmos 1106 - .
Payload: Nauka?. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Spacecraft: Nauka.
Decay Date: 1979-06-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 11415 . COSPAR: 1979-054D. Apogee: 204 km (126 mi). Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.50 min.
1979 June 15 - .
10:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1107 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-06-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 11404 . COSPAR: 1979-055A. Apogee: 301 km (187 mi). Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1979 June 22 - .
07:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1108 - .
Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 10. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Resurs.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-07-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 11413 . COSPAR: 1979-056A. Apogee: 245 km (152 mi). Perigee: 214 km (132 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..
1979 June 27 - .
18:11 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 1109 - .
Payload: Oko #11. Mass: 2,030 kg (4,470 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
USAF Sat Cat: 11417 . COSPAR: 1979-058A. Apogee: 36,998 km (22,989 mi). Perigee: 3,228 km (2,005 mi). Inclination: 68.20 deg. Period: 715.20 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 9 - 237 degree longitude of ascending node..
1979 June 28 - .
09:25 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Progress 7 - .
Payload: Progress s/n 107. Mass: 7,014 kg (15,463 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 32.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Progress.
Duration: 21.69 days. Completed Operations Date: 1979-07-20 01:57:19 . Decay Date: 1979-07-20 01:57:19 . USAF Sat Cat: 11421 . COSPAR: 1979-059A. Apogee: 251 km (155 mi). Perigee: 186 km (115 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.80 min.
Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 30 Jun 1979 11:18:22 GMT. Undocked on 18 Jul 1979 03:49:55 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 20 Jul 1979 01:57:30 GMT. Total free-flight time 4.0 days. Total docked time 17.69 days.
- KRT-10 - .
Payload: KRT-10. Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Flight: Soyuz 32.
Spacecraft: KRT-10.
Decay Date: 1979-08-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 11493 . COSPAR: 1977-097BD. Apogee: 385 km (239 mi). Perigee: 359 km (223 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.99 min. 10 m diameter radio telescope. Attached to Salyut 6 docking hatch and deployed after separation of Progress from Mir..
1979 June 29 - .
16:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1111 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 15.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-07-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 11429 . COSPAR: 1979-061A. Apogee: 354 km (219 mi). Perigee: 255 km (158 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.60 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1979 July 5 - .
23:19 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC200/40.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
1979 July 10 - .
09:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1113 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-07-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 11447 . COSPAR: 1979-064A. Apogee: 330 km (200 mi). Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1979 July 13 - .
08:25 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1115 - .
Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 11. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Resurs.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-07-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 11451 . COSPAR: 1979-066A. Apogee: 235 km (146 mi). Perigee: 217 km (134 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..
1979 July 20 - .
11:58 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 1116 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 21. Mass: 4,000 kg (8,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 1993-03-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 11457 . COSPAR: 1979-067A. Apogee: 408 km (253 mi). Perigee: 396 km (246 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 92.60 min.
1979 July 25 - .
15:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1117 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-08-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 11463 . COSPAR: 1979-068A. Apogee: 325 km (201 mi). Perigee: 177 km (109 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1979 July 27 - .
07:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
1979 July 31 - .
03:56 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-44 - .
Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1T.
Decay Date: 2017-10-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 11474 . COSPAR: 1979-070A. Apogee: 39,806 km (24,734 mi). Perigee: 550 km (340 mi). Inclination: 63.30 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. .
1979 August 3 - .
10:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1119 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-08-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 11478 . COSPAR: 1979-071A. Apogee: 245 km (152 mi). Perigee: 213 km (132 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; separated capsule..
1979 August 11 - .
09:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1120 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-08-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 11485 . COSPAR: 1979-073A. Apogee: 362 km (224 mi). Perigee: 170 km (100 mi). Inclination: 70.60 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1979 August 14 - .
15:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1121 - .
Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 929. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar.
Spacecraft: Yantar-2K.
Duration: 30.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-09-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 11487 . COSPAR: 1979-074A. Apogee: 348 km (216 mi). Perigee: 171 km (106 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission..
1979 August 17 - .
07:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
1979 August 21 - .
11:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1123 - .
Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 12. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Resurs.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-09-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 11496 . COSPAR: 1979-076A. Apogee: 236 km (146 mi). Perigee: 211 km (131 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..
1979 August 28 - .
00:17 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 1124 - .
Payload: Oko #12. Mass: 2,030 kg (4,470 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
USAF Sat Cat: 11509 . COSPAR: 1979-077A. Apogee: 35,403 km (21,998 mi). Perigee: 4,913 km (3,052 mi). Inclination: 67.30 deg. Period: 717.00 min. Replaced Cosmos 1030. Covered Oko constellation plane 4 - 36 degree longitude of ascending node..
1979 August 31 - .
11:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1126 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-09-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 11515 . COSPAR: 1979-079A. Apogee: 391 km (242 mi). Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 90.40 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1979 September 5 - .
10:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
1979 September 14 - .
15:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1128 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-09-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 11529 . COSPAR: 1979-081A. Apogee: 328 km (203 mi). Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1979 September 25 - .
15:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1129 - .
Payload: Bion no. 5. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Biology.
Type: Biology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Bion.
Duration: 18.50 days. Decay Date: 1979-10-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 11536 . COSPAR: 1979-083A. Apogee: 376 km (233 mi). Perigee: 213 km (132 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.40 min.
Biological experiments; embryo development, radiation medicine. Biosatellite for the continued investigation of the effects of space flight on living organisms. Capsule recovered 52 deg 17 min N, 65 deg 30 min E. Cosmos 1129 satellite carried biological and radiation physics experiment packages from Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the German Democratic Republic, the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. Additional Details: here....
1979 September 28 - .
12:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1138 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-10-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 11548 . COSPAR: 1979-085A. Apogee: 373 km (231 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 90.20 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1979 October 3 - .
17:12 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC200/40.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
1979 October 5 - .
11:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1139 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-10-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 11564 . COSPAR: 1979-088A. Apogee: 329 km (204 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; also performed mapping, geodesy, earth resources tasks; separated capsule..
1979 October 20 - .
07:03 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-45 - .
Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1T.
Decay Date: 1994-02-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 11589 . COSPAR: 1979-091A. Apogee: 39,615 km (24,615 mi). Perigee: 93 km (57 mi). Inclination: 61.70 deg. Period: 704.70 min. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network..
1979 October 22 - .
12:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1142 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-11-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 11592 . COSPAR: 1979-092A. Apogee: 382 km (237 mi). Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 90.30 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1979 October 26 - .
18:12 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 1143 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 22. Mass: 4,000 kg (8,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 2002-02-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 11600 . COSPAR: 1979-093A. Apogee: 533 km (331 mi). Perigee: 524 km (325 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 95.20 min.
1979 October 31 - .
09:25 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 2-05 - .
Payload: Meteor-2 no. 5. Mass: 2,750 kg (6,060 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor-2.
USAF Sat Cat: 11605 . COSPAR: 1979-095A. Apogee: 881 km (547 mi). Perigee: 862 km (535 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 102.40 min. Acquisition of meteorological information required for use in the operational weather service with the aid of advanced equipment. .
1979 November 2 - .
16:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1144 - .
Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 939. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar.
Spacecraft: Yantar-2K.
Duration: 32.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-12-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 11611 . COSPAR: 1979-097A. Apogee: 337 km (209 mi). Perigee: 158 km (98 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission..
1979 November 27 - .
09:55 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 1145 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 23. Mass: 4,000 kg (8,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 2000-06-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 11629 . COSPAR: 1979-099A. Apogee: 495 km (307 mi). Perigee: 484 km (300 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 94.40 min.
1979 December 12 - .
12:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1147 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-12-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 11638 . COSPAR: 1979-102A. Apogee: 377 km (234 mi). Perigee: 192 km (119 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 90.20 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1979 December 16 - .
12:29 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Soyuz T-1 - .
Payload: Soyuz T s/n 6L. Mass: 6,850 kg (15,100 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz T.
Duration: 100.38 days. Decay Date: 1980-03-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 11640 . COSPAR: 1979-103A. Apogee: 252 km (156 mi). Perigee: 213 km (132 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.20 min.
New generation Soyuz capsule; unmanned flight to Salyut 6. Docked with Salyut 6. Recovered March 25, 1980 21:47 GMT. Unmanned test of Soyuz T design.
Officially: Complex experimental testing of new on-board systems and assemblies under various flight conditions and operation in conjunction with the Salyut-6 orbital station.
1979 December 28 - .
11:51 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC200/40.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
- Gorizont 3 - .
Payload: Gorizont s/n 13L. Mass: 2,100 kg (4,600 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Communications.
Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-3.
Spacecraft: Gorizont .
Completed Operations Date: 1989-12-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 11648 . COSPAR: 1979-105A. Apogee: 35,831 km (22,264 mi). Perigee: 35,779 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 11.00 deg. Period: 1,437.10 min. Stationed at 53 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 53 deg E in 1980-1984; 40 deg E in 1984-1989 As of 30 August 2001 located at 47.84 deg E drifting at 0.163 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 109.81E drifting at 0.002E degrees per day..
1979 December 28 - .
13:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1148 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-01-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 11649 . COSPAR: 1979-106A. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). Perigee: 170 km (100 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1980 January 9 - .
12:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1149 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-01-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 11652 . COSPAR: 1980-001A. Apogee: 384 km (238 mi). Perigee: 191 km (118 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 90.30 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1980 January 11 - .
12:28 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-46 - .
Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1T.
Decay Date: 1992-10-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 11662 . COSPAR: 1980-002A. Apogee: 28,891 km (17,952 mi). Perigee: 103 km (64 mi). Inclination: 63.20 deg. Period: 500.30 min. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network..
1980 January 24 - .
15:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1152 - .
Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 928. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar.
Spacecraft: Yantar-2K.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-02-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 11678 . COSPAR: 1980-006A. Apogee: 341 km (211 mi). Perigee: 169 km (105 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance. Mission terminated early for unknown reasons (normally 30 day duration)..
1980 January 30 - .
12:51 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 1154 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 24. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 2002-11-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 11682 . COSPAR: 1980-008A. Apogee: 545 km (338 mi). Perigee: 540 km (330 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 95.50 min.
1980 February 7 - .
11:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1155 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-02-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 11685 . COSPAR: 1980-009A. Apogee: 393 km (244 mi). Perigee: 191 km (118 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 90.30 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1980 February 12 - .
00:53 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
FAILURE: Fourth stage failure..
Failed Stage: U.
- Cosmos 1164 - .
Payload: Oko #13. Mass: 1,890 kg (4,160 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
Decay Date: 1980-02-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 11700 . COSPAR: 1980-013A. Apogee: 40,856 km (25,386 mi). Perigee: 434 km (269 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 736.80 min. Left in parking orbit. Decay date suspect Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. Was intended to cover Oko constellation plane 9 - 241 degree longitude of ascending node..
1980 February 20 - .
08:05 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC200/39.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
1980 February 21 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1165 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-03-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 11713 . COSPAR: 1980-017A. Apogee: 350 km (210 mi). Perigee: 170 km (100 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.
1980 March 4 - .
10:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1166 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-03-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 11722 . COSPAR: 1980-020A. Apogee: 371 km (230 mi). Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 90.20 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1980 March 27 - .
18:53 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
1980 April 1 - .
08:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1170 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-04-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 11747 . COSPAR: 1980-025A. Apogee: 379 km (235 mi). Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Inclination: 70.40 deg. Period: 90.10 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1980 April 9 - .
13:38 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Soyuz 35 - .
Call Sign: Dnepr (Dnieper ). Crew: Popov,
Ryumin.
Backup Crew: Andreyev,
Zudov.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 51. Mass: 6,800 kg (14,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 35.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
Duration: 55.06 days. Decay Date: 1980-06-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 11753 . COSPAR: 1980-027A. Apogee: 247 km (153 mi). Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Carried crew comprising L I Popov and V V Ryumin to the Salyut-6 station to carry out scientific and technical research and experiments..
1980 April 12 - .
20:18 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 1172 - .
Payload: Oko #14. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
Decay Date: 1997-12-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 11758 . COSPAR: 1980-028A. Apogee: 38,809 km (24,114 mi). Perigee: 1,476 km (917 mi). Inclination: 64.70 deg. Period: 716.40 min. Replaced Cosmos 1109. Covered Oko constellation plane 9 - 240 degree longitude of ascending node..
1980 April 17 - .
08:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1173 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-04-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 11763 . COSPAR: 1980-029A. Apogee: 352 km (218 mi). Perigee: 174 km (108 mi). Inclination: 70.30 deg. Period: 89.80 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1980 April 18 - .
17:31 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
FAILURE: Fourth stage failure..
Failed Stage: U.
- Cosmos 1175 - .
Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 26. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-3.
Decay Date: 1980-09-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 11769 . COSPAR: 1980-031C. Apogee: 458 km (284 mi). Perigee: 251 km (155 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 91.60 min. Probable failed early warning. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space..
1980 April 27 - .
06:24 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
1980 April 29 - .
13:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1177 - .
Payload: Yantar-4K1 s/n 2. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar.
Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1.
Duration: 44.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-06-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 11789 . COSPAR: 1980-035A. Apogee: 331 km (205 mi). Perigee: 167 km (103 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Second flight test of Yantar-4K1 satellite. Demonstrated full spacecraft design duration of 45 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission..
1980 May 7 - .
13:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1178 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 15.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-05-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 11793 . COSPAR: 1980-036A. Apogee: 386 km (239 mi). Perigee: 193 km (119 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 90.30 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1980 May 15 - .
05:35 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1180 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-05-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 11798 . COSPAR: 1980-038A. Apogee: 279 km (173 mi). Perigee: 245 km (152 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; also performed mapping, geodesy, earth resources tasks; separated capsule..
1980 May 23 - .
07:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1182 - .
Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 13. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Resurs.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-06-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 11808 . COSPAR: 1980-040A. Apogee: 251 km (155 mi). Perigee: 211 km (131 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..
1980 May 26 - .
18:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Soyuz 36 - .
Call Sign: Orion (Orion ). Crew: Farkas,
Kubasov.
Backup Crew: Dzhanibekov,
Magyari.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 52. Mass: 6,800 kg (14,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 35,
Soyuz 36.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
Duration: 65.87 days. Decay Date: 1980-07-31 . USAF Sat Cat: 11811 . COSPAR: 1980-041A. Apogee: 263 km (163 mi). Perigee: 190 km (110 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Transported the fifth international crew under the INTERCOSMOS programme, comprising V N Kubasov (USSR) and B Farkas (Hungary) to the Salyut-6 station to carry out scientific research and experiments..
1980 May 28 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1183 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-06-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 11816 . COSPAR: 1980-042A. Apogee: 384 km (238 mi). Perigee: 196 km (121 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 90.30 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1980 June 4 - .
07:34 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 1184 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 25. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 2002-04-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 11821 . COSPAR: 1980-044A. Apogee: 535 km (332 mi). Perigee: 532 km (330 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 95.30 min.
1980 June 5 - .
14:19 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Soyuz T-2 - .
Call Sign: Yupiter (Jupiter ). Crew: Aksyonov,
Malyshev.
Backup Crew: Kizim,
Makarov.
Payload: Soyuz T s/n 7L. Mass: 6,850 kg (15,100 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 35,
Soyuz T-2.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz T.
Duration: 3.93 days. Decay Date: 1980-06-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 11825 . COSPAR: 1980-045A. Apogee: 232 km (144 mi). Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.70 min. Test flight of new Soyuz T; docked with Salyut 6. Conducted testing and development of on-board systems in the improved Soyuz T series transport vehicle under piloted conditions..
1980 June 6 - .
07:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
1980 June 12 - .
12:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1187 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-06-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 11837 . COSPAR: 1980-048A. Apogee: 294 km (182 mi). Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1980 June 14 - .
00:49 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC200/39.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
1980 June 14 - .
20:52 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 1188 - .
Payload: Oko #15. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
Decay Date: 2013-05-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 11844 . COSPAR: 1980-050A. Apogee: 36,280 km (22,540 mi). Perigee: 4,103 km (2,549 mi). Inclination: 68.00 deg. Period: 718.40 min. Replaced Cosmos 1024. Covered Oko constellation plane 2 - 319 degree longitude of ascending node..
1980 June 18 - .
06:14 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
1980 June 21 - .
18:34 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-47 - .
Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1T.
Decay Date: 1991-04-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 11856 . COSPAR: 1980-053A. Apogee: 24,508 km (15,228 mi). Perigee: 98 km (60 mi). Inclination: 63.60 deg. Period: 423.50 min. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network..
1980 June 26 - .
12:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1189 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-07-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 11863 . COSPAR: 1980-054A. Apogee: 305 km (189 mi). Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1980 June 29 - .
04:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
1980 July 2 - .
00:54 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 1191 - .
Payload: Oko #16. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
USAF Sat Cat: 11871 . COSPAR: 1980-057A. Apogee: 34,907 km (21,690 mi). Perigee: 5,403 km (3,357 mi). Inclination: 67.50 deg. Period: 716.90 min. Replaced Cosmos 1124. Covered Oko constellation plane 4 - 39 degree longitude of ascending node..
1980 July 9 - .
12:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1200 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-07-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 11884 . COSPAR: 1980-059A. Apogee: 298 km (185 mi). Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1980 July 14 - .
22:35 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC200/40.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
1980 July 15 - .
07:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1201 - .
Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 14. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Resurs.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-07-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 11894 . COSPAR: 1980-061A. Apogee: 243 km (150 mi). Perigee: 213 km (132 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..
1980 July 18 - .
10:37 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1980 July 23 - .
18:33 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Soyuz 37 - .
Call Sign: Terek (Terek - river in the Caucasus). Crew: Gorbatko,
Tuan.
Backup Crew: Bykovsky,
Liem.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 53. Mass: 6,800 kg (14,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 35,
Soyuz 37.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
Duration: 79.64 days. Decay Date: 1980-10-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 11905 . COSPAR: 1980-064A. Apogee: 273 km (169 mi). Perigee: 190 km (110 mi). Inclination: 51.50 deg. Period: 89.10 min.
Manned two crew. Transported to the Salyut-6 station the sixth international crew under the Intercosmos programme, comprising V V Gorbatko (USSR) and Pham Tuan (Viet Nam), to conduct scientific research and experiments. Returned crew of Soyuz 35 to Earth. Recovered October 11, 1980 9:50 GMT.
1980 July 24 - .
12:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1202 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-08-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 11907 . COSPAR: 1980-065A. Apogee: 307 km (190 mi). Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1980 July 31 - .
07:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/3.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
1980 August 12 - .
11:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1205 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-08-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 11924 . COSPAR: 1980-068A. Apogee: 302 km (187 mi). Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1980 August 15 - .
05:34 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 1206 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 26. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 2002-01-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 11932 . COSPAR: 1980-069A. Apogee: 531 km (329 mi). Perigee: 525 km (326 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 95.20 min.
1980 August 22 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1207 - .
Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 15. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Resurs.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-09-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 11938 . COSPAR: 1980-070A. Apogee: 256 km (159 mi). Perigee: 211 km (131 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.20 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..
1980 August 26 - .
15:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1208 - .
Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 927. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar.
Spacecraft: Yantar-2K.
Duration: 29.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-09-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 11945 . COSPAR: 1980-071A. Apogee: 339 km (210 mi). Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission..
1980 September 3 - .
10:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
1980 September 9 - .
11:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Meteor 2-06 - .
Payload: Meteor-2 no. 6. Mass: 2,750 kg (6,060 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor.
Spacecraft: Meteor-2.
USAF Sat Cat: 11962 . COSPAR: 1980-073A. Apogee: 886 km (550 mi). Perigee: 834 km (518 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 102.10 min. Gathering meteorological information and data on penetrating radiation fluxes in circumterrestrial space. .
1980 September 18 - .
19:11 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Soyuz 38 - .
Call Sign: Taimyr (Taimyr - Russian peninsula). Crew: Romanenko,
Tamayo Mendez.
Backup Crew: Khrunov,
Lopez Falcon.
Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 54. Mass: 6,800 kg (14,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz 35,
Soyuz 38.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T.
Duration: 7.86 days. Decay Date: 1980-09-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 11977 . COSPAR: 1980-075A. Apogee: 257 km (159 mi). Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Transported to the Salyut-6 station the seventh international crew under the INTERCOSMOS programme, comprising Y V Romanenko (USSR) and A. Tomaio Mendez (Cuba), to conduct scientific research and experiments..
1980 September 19 - .
10:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1210 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-10-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 11980 . COSPAR: 1980-076A. Apogee: 239 km (148 mi). Perigee: 175 km (108 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.60 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1980 September 23 - .
10:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1211 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-10-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 11982 . COSPAR: 1980-077A. Apogee: 236 km (146 mi). Perigee: 211 km (131 mi). Inclination: 82.40 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; also performed mapping, geodesy, earth resources tasks; separated capsule..
1980 September 26 - .
10:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1212 - .
Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 16. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Resurs.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-10-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 11985 . COSPAR: 1980-078A. Apogee: 244 km (151 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..
1980 September 28 - .
15:09 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
1980 October 3 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1213 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-10-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 11997 . COSPAR: 1980-080A. Apogee: 313 km (194 mi). Perigee: 192 km (119 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1980 October 5 - .
17:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC200/39.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
- Raduga 7 - .
Payload: Raduga s/n 17L. Mass: 1,940 kg (4,270 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-3.
Spacecraft: Raduga .
Completed Operations Date: 1986-10-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 12003 . COSPAR: 1980-081A. Apogee: 35,805 km (22,248 mi). Perigee: 35,755 km (22,217 mi). Inclination: 14.00 deg. Period: 1,435.80 min.
Radio, telegraph, TV. Provision of uninterrupted round the clock telephone and telegraph radiocommunication in the USSR and simultaneous transmission of colour and black-and-white USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 85 deg E in 1980-1981; 25 deg W in 1982-1986 As of 30 August 2001 located at 103.91 deg W drifting at 0.397 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 3 located at 30.06W drifting at 0.092W degrees per day.
1980 October 10 - .
13:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1214 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-10-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 12008 . COSPAR: 1980-082A. Apogee: 347 km (215 mi). Perigee: 170 km (100 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1980 October 16 - .
12:20 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1216 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-10-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 12019 . COSPAR: 1980-084A. Apogee: 367 km (228 mi). Perigee: 189 km (117 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 90.10 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1980 October 24 - .
10:53 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 1217 - .
Payload: Oko #17. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
USAF Sat Cat: 12032 . COSPAR: 1980-085A. Apogee: 38,306 km (23,802 mi). Perigee: 2,007 km (1,247 mi). Inclination: 67.00 deg. Period: 716.90 min. Replaced Cosmos 1188. Covered Oko constellation plane 2 - 316 degree longitude of ascending node..
1980 October 30 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
1980 October 31 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1219 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-11-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 12050 . COSPAR: 1980-088A. Apogee: 312 km (193 mi). Perigee: 189 km (117 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1980 November 12 - .
12:21 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1221 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-11-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 12058 . COSPAR: 1980-090A. Apogee: 399 km (247 mi). Perigee: 196 km (121 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 90.50 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1980 November 16 - .
04:18 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-48 - .
Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1T.
Decay Date: 1995-11-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 12066 . COSPAR: 1980-092A. Apogee: 39,291 km (24,414 mi). Perigee: 870 km (540 mi). Inclination: 62.40 deg. Period: 713.90 min. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network..
1980 November 21 - .
11:53 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 1222 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 27. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 2011-04-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 12071 . COSPAR: 1980-093A. Apogee: 561 km (348 mi). Perigee: 557 km (346 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 95.90 min.
1980 November 27 - .
14:18 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Soyuz T-3 - .
Call Sign: Mayak (Beacon ). Crew: Kizim,
Makarov,
Strekalov.
Backup Crew: Kovalyonok,
Polyakov,
Savinykh.
Payload: Soyuz T s/n 8L. Mass: 6,850 kg (15,100 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz T-3.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz T.
Duration: 12.80 days. Decay Date: 1980-12-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 12077 . COSPAR: 1980-094A. Apogee: 260 km (160 mi). Perigee: 256 km (159 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.70 min.
Manned three crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Tested the improved transport ship of the 'SOYUZ T' series; transported to the Salyut-6 orbital station a crew consisting of L D Kizim, O G Makarov and G M Strekalov to carry out repair and preventive work and scientific and technical investigation and experiments.
1980 November 27 - .
21:37 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 1223 - .
Payload: Oko #18. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
USAF Sat Cat: 12078 . COSPAR: 1980-095A. Apogee: 34,854 km (21,657 mi). Perigee: 5,517 km (3,428 mi). Inclination: 68.30 deg. Period: 718.10 min. Replaced Cosmos 903. Covered Oko constellation planes 7/8 - 177 degree longitude of ascending node..
1980 December 1 - .
12:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1224 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-12-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 12084 . COSPAR: 1980-096A. Apogee: 374 km (232 mi). Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 90.20 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1980 December 16 - .
12:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1227 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-12-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 12100 . COSPAR: 1980-101A. Apogee: 296 km (183 mi). Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1980 December 25 - .
04:02 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Prognoz 8 - .
Payload: SO-M s/n 508. Mass: 910 kg (2,000 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Earth.
Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft: Prognoz.
Decay Date: 1984-12-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 12116 . COSPAR: 1980-103A. Apogee: 197,364 km (122,636 mi). Perigee: 978 km (607 mi). Inclination: 65.80 deg. Period: 5,687.80 min.
Examined solar wind interaction with magnetosphere. Investigation of the corpuscular and electromagnetic radiation of the sun and of solar plasma fluxes, study of the magnetic fields in circumterrestrial space in order to determine the effects of solar activity on the interplanetary medium and in the magne tosphere of the earth. In addition to Soviet apparatus, carried scientific apparatus produced in the USSR, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the Polish People's Republic, and Sweden.
1980 December 26 - .
11:49 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC200/40.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
1980 December 26 - .
16:10 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1236 - .
Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 941. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar.
Spacecraft: Yantar-2K.
Duration: 26.00 days. Decay Date: 1981-01-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 12121 . COSPAR: 1980-105A. Apogee: 362 km (224 mi). Perigee: 168 km (104 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission..
1981 January 6 - .
12:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1237 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1981-01-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 12130 . COSPAR: 1981-001A. Apogee: 382 km (237 mi). Perigee: 191 km (118 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 90.30 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1981 January 9 - .
14:57 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1981 January 16 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1239 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1981-01-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 12140 . COSPAR: 1981-004A. Apogee: 231 km (143 mi). Perigee: 210 km (130 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; also performed mapping, geodesy..
1981 January 20 - .
11:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1240 - .
Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 975. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar.
Spacecraft: Yantar-2K.
Duration: 28.00 days. Decay Date: 1981-02-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 12143 . COSPAR: 1981-005A. Apogee: 359 km (223 mi). Perigee: 165 km (102 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission..
1981 January 24 - .
14:18 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
1981 January 27 - .
14:58 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 1242 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 28. Mass: 2,500 kg (5,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 2014-05-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 12154 . COSPAR: 1981-008A. Apogee: 584 km (362 mi). Perigee: 568 km (352 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 96.20 min.
1981 January 30 - .
16:27 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-49 - .
Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1T.
USAF Sat Cat: 12156 . COSPAR: 1981-009A. Apogee: 38,759 km (24,083 mi). Perigee: 1,571 km (976 mi). Inclination: 63.70 deg. Period: 717.30 min. Replaced Molniya 1-41. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network..
1981 February 13 - .
11:15 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1245 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1981-02-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 12299 . COSPAR: 1981-014A. Apogee: 374 km (232 mi). Perigee: 193 km (119 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 90.20 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1981 February 18 - .
09:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1246 - .
Payload: Yantar-1KFT no. 1. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Cartographic satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar.
Spacecraft: Yantar-1KFT.
Duration: 23.00 days. Decay Date: 1981-03-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 12301 . COSPAR: 1981-015A. Apogee: 263 km (163 mi). Perigee: 193 km (119 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Military topographic / cartographic satellite..
1981 February 19 - .
10:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC16/2.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 1247 - .
Payload: Oko #19. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
USAF Sat Cat: 12303 . COSPAR: 1981-016A. Apogee: 35,529 km (22,076 mi). Perigee: 4,493 km (2,791 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 711.10 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 5 - 77 degree longitude of ascending node. First space launch from LC16/2, which had been cannabalised in the 1960's to reconstruct LC31 at Baikonur after the on-pad explosion of the second Soyuz in December 1966..
1981 March 5 - .
15:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1248 - .
Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 940. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar.
Spacecraft: Yantar-2K.
Duration: 30.00 days. Decay Date: 1981-04-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 12317 . COSPAR: 1981-020A. Apogee: 531 km (329 mi). Perigee: 112 km (69 mi). Inclination: 68.10 deg. Period: 91.00 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission..
1981 March 12 - .
19:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Soyuz T-4 - .
Call Sign: Foton (Photon ). Crew: Kovalyonok,
Savinykh.
Backup Crew: Andreyev,
Zudov.
Payload: Soyuz T s/n 10L. Mass: 6,850 kg (15,100 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Salyut 6.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz T-4.
Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz T.
Duration: 74.73 days. Decay Date: 1981-05-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 12334 . COSPAR: 1981-023A. Apogee: 237 km (147 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Transported to the Salyut-6 orbital station cosmonauts V V Kovalenok and V P Savinykh to carry out repairs and preventive maintenance and scientific and technical investigations and experiments..
1981 March 17 - .
08:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1259 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1981-03-31 . USAF Sat Cat: 12341 . COSPAR: 1981-026A. Apogee: 379 km (235 mi). Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Inclination: 70.30 deg. Period: 90.40 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1981 March 18 - .
04:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC200/40.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
1981 March 22 - .
14:58 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
1981 March 24 - .
03:31 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1981 March 31 - .
09:40 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC41/1.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 1261 - .
Payload: Oko #20. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
USAF Sat Cat: 12376 . COSPAR: 1981-031A. Apogee: 35,583 km (22,110 mi). Perigee: 4,742 km (2,946 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 717.20 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 6 - 115 degree longitude of ascending node..
1981 April 7 - .
10:51 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1262 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1981-04-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 12385 . COSPAR: 1981-032A. Apogee: 372 km (231 mi). Perigee: 191 km (118 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 90.20 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1981 April 15 - .
10:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1264 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1981-04-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 12400 . COSPAR: 1981-035A. Apogee: 382 km (237 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 70.40 deg. Period: 90.40 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..
1981 April 16 - .
11:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1265 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.
Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1981-04-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 12402 . COSPAR: 1981-036A. Apogee: 267 km (165 mi). Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.20 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1981 April 25 - .
02:01 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC200/39.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K.
- Cosmos 1267 - .
Payload: TKS s/n 16301. Mass: 19,000 kg (41,000 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Almaz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft: TKS .
Duration: 459.91 days. Decay Date: 1982-07-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 12419 . COSPAR: 1981-039A. Apogee: 259 km (160 mi). Perigee: 192 km (119 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.90 min.
TKS space station ferry. Flown unmanned to the Salyut 6 space station after the Almaz military station program was cancelled. Capsule recovered 24 May 1981. Docked with Salyut 6 on June 19 at 10:52 AM MT after 57 days autonomous flight. Deorbited and destroyed with Salyut July 29, 1982. Additional Details: here....
1981 April 28 - .
09:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC1.
Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1268 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: