Encyclopedia Astronautica Index: 1

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Encyclopedia Astronautica Index: 1

1 Crew Ballistic Re-entry Capsule - American manned rescue spacecraft. Study 1960. One crew ballistic re-entry capsule. Orbital escape - no abort capability. Mass per crew 327 kg. Status: Study 1960. Gross mass: 327 kg (720 lb).

1 Crew Lifeboat - American manned rescue spacecraft. Study 1959. One crew lifeboat capsule, separable, not re-entry capable, short duration. Mass per crew 266 kg. Status: Study 1959. Gross mass: 266 kg (586 lb).

1 Crew Lifeboat Long Term - American manned rescue spacecraft. Study 1959. One crew lifeboat capsule, separable, not re-entry capable, long duration. For use on Mars/Venus expedition. Status: Study 1959. Gross mass: 517 kg (1,139 lb).

1.5KS35000 - Thiokol solid rocket engine. Status: Retired 1998. Gross mass: 200 kg (440 lb). Thrust: 156.00 kN (35,070 lbf). More at: Solid

1.8KS7800 - Multiple-source American solid rocket engine. Sparoair II first stage. Status: Retired 1974. Gross mass: 100 kg (220 lb). Thrust: 35.00 kN (7,868 lbf). More at: Solid

10 Crew Shelter - American manned rescue spacecraft. Study 1963. Ten crew emergency shelter capsule, not separable, not re-entry capable, long duration. Mass per crew 301 kg. Status: Study 1963. Gross mass: 3,012 kg (6,640 lb).

100 inch solid - Solid propellant rocket stage. Three-segment solid motor proposed for the Solid Titan II in the SLV-4 competition in 1961. Aerojet test fired motors with up to five segments, producing an average thrust of 268,000 kgf for 120 seconds. Status: Study 1961. Gross mass: 115,350 kg (254,300 lb). Unfuelled mass: 12,000 kg (26,000 lb). Thrust: 3,330.00 kN (748,610 lbf). More at: Solid

100th Missile Regiment - Operated 10 UR-100 silos 1967-1992.

1014th Guards Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Feodosiya, Crimean Oblast, 1961 - 1992 S-75 (SA-2) missiles S-75 (SA-2) missiles, S-125 (SA-3) missiles, S-200 (SA-5) launchers

101st Guards Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

101st Missile Regiment - Operated 8 R-5M pads 1959-1965. Operated Temp-S from 1967 and transferred to Army.

1028th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

103rd Missile Regiment - Operated 8 R-12 pads and 4 silos 1961-1982. Operated 9 Pioner missiles 1984-1991.

104th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Lopukhinka, Leningrad Oblast, August 1960 - February 1963. Dal (SA-5 Griffon) launchers.

104th Missile Regiment - Operated 10 UR-100, UR-100NU silos 1966- 1996. Operated 10 Topol-M2 silos 1998-on.

105 ballistic missile - Italian tactical ballistic missile. Gross mass: 30 kg (66 lb). Thrust: 24.50 kN (5,508 lbf).

105-KS-45,220 - Alternate designation for Star 75 Solid rocket engine.

105th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Pervomayskoye, Leningrad Oblast, August 1960 - February 1963. Dal (SA-5 Griffon) launchers.

105th Missile Regiment - Operated 2 R-16 pads 1964-1969; 10 UR-100 missiles 1969-1985.

106th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Uglovo, Leningrad Oblast,August 1960 - February 1963 Dal (SA-5 Griffon) launchers

107th Missile Regiment - Operated 3 R-16 silos and 2 pads 1964-1977. Operated 9 Pioner missiles 1978-1984. Operated 9 Topol missiles 1985-2004.

108th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Voronezh, Voronezh Oblast, 1960 - on. 5th Air Defence Division, 1998 - 2002. S-75 (SA-2) missile, S-200 (SA-5) launchers

109th Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

109th Missile Regiment - Operated 8 R-12 missiles from pads 1961-1970.

10Kh - Chelomei developed a series of cruise missiles derived from the German V-1 1944-1952, testing air-, fixed catapult, and vehicle-launched versions. None reached production.

10KhN - Russian short range cruise missile. Chelomei mobile-launched version of V-1 Status: Operational 1952.

10KhN - Alternate designation for 10Kh.

10KS2500 - Alternate name for Polaris FTV-4.

112th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

1146th Guards Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

1157th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Choybalsan, Mongolia, July 1981 - 1990 S-75 (SA-2) missiles S-75 (SA-2) missiles, S-200V (SA-5) launchers 6 S-200V (SA-5) launchers.

115th Missile Regiment - Operated 8 R-5M pads 1959-1966. Moved to Pervomaisk. Operated 10 UR-100 silos 1969-1995.

116th Missile Regiment - Operated 6 R-16 pads 1961-1969. Transferred to Pervomaysk. Operated 10 UR-100, UR-100NU missiles 1971-1997.

1170th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Nikolayev, Nikolayev Oblast, 1960 - 1992 S-75 (SA-2) missiles S-75 (SA-2) missiles - disbanded by 1984. S-125 (SA-3) missiles; S-300PS, S-300PT missiles.

118-KS-19,050 - Alternate designation for Star 63D Solid rocket engine.

119th Missile Regiment - Operated 2 R-9 pads 1965-1969; 10 UR-100, UR-100NU silos 1970-2007.

11A510 - Article number for Soyuz 11A510.

11A510 - Article number for Vostok 11A510.

11A511 - Article number for Soyuz 11A511.

11A511L - Article number for Soyuz 11A511L.

11A511M - Article number for Soyuz M.

11A511M - Article number for Soyuz 11A511M.

11A511U - Article number for Soyuz-U.

11A511U - Article number for Soyuz 11A511U.

11A511U2 - Article number for Soyuz-U2.

11A513 - Russian intercontinental ballistic missile. FOBS version. Warhead accuracy 5 km along orbital track, 3 km to either side. OKB-1 estimated warhead would be detected by Western defenses only two minutes before it detonated. The designation SS-10 was assigned by the DOD to the UR-200, but was commonly and erroneously applied to the GR-1, which was shown publicly after its cancellation.

11A514 - Article number for Soyuz 11A514.

11A52 - Article number for N1 1969.

11A52 - Article number for N1 1964.

11A53 - Article number for N11 1963.

11A53 - Article number for N11GR.

11A53 - Article number for N11.

11A54 - Article number for N111.

11A57 - Article number for Voskhod 11A57.

11A59 - Article number for Sputnik 11A59.

11B91 - Government designation of RD-0410 Nuclear-LH2 rocket engine.

11B97 - Korolev nuclear electric/xenon rocket engine. Engine for Interorbital Tug for launch by Energia. Developed 1978-1986. Powered by nuclear reactor providing 50-150 kWt for 3 to 5 years operation. Status: Developed 1986-. Date: 1986-. Thrust: 0.45 N (0.10 lbf). More at: Electric/Xenon

11D111 - Article Number of NK-33 LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D112 - Article Number of NK-43 LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D113 - Article Number of NK-39 LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D114 - Article Number of NK-31 LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D119 - Article Number of RD-264 N2O4-UDMH rocket engine.

11D121 - Korolev GOX/Kerosene rocket engine. N-1 stage 1 (block A) roll control engine. Developed 1969-74. Gimbaling +/- 45 degree. Propellants are fed from main engine (NK-15, NK-33) turbopumps. Chamber Pressure: 71.60 bar. Status: Developed 1969-74. Date: 1969-74. Thrust: 68.65 kN (15,433 lbf). More at: GOX/Kerosene

11D122 - Article Number of RD-0120 LOx-LH2 rocket engine.

11D122A - Article Number of RD-0120M LOx-LH2 rocket engine.

11D123 - Article number for RD-146.

11D123 - Article number for RD-134R.

11D123 - Article Number of RD-120 LOx-Kerosene rocket engine. Also applied to the [RD-120] and [RD-120] variants.

11D130F - Article Number of RD-302 LF2-Ammonia rocket engine.

11D14 - Article Number of the RD-303 LF2-Ammonia rocket engine.

11D23 - Kosberg N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. Study 1968. Engine used in Block 1 and Block 11 stages of LK-700 manned lunar lander. Status: Study 1968. Thrust: 230.50 kN (51,818 lbf). More at: N2O4/UDMH

11D24 - Article Number of RD-0225 N2O4-UDMH rocket engine.

11D25 - Article Number of RD-861 N2O4-UDMH rocket engine.

11D25G - Article Number of RD-861G N2O4-UDMH rocket engine.

11D26 - Article Number for RD-219 Nitric acid-UDMH rocket engine.

11D33 - Article Number of S1.5400 LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D33M - Article Number of S1.5400A LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D414 - Article Number of KDU-414 Nitric acid-UDMH rocket engine.

11D416 - Isayev N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. Study 1968. Three of these engines used for midcourse corrections and soft lunar landing in Block 11 and Block 1V stages of LK-700 manned spacecraft. Status: Study 1968. Thrust: 16.40 kN (3,687 lbf). More at: N2O4/UDMH

11D417 - Article Number of KTDU-417 Nitric acid-UDMH rocket engine.

11D417B - Article Number of KTDU-417-B N2O4-UDMH rocket engine.

11D423 - Izotov N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. 134 kN, for use in LK-700S manned lunar lander ascent stage. Development ended 1968. Based on UR-100 stage 2 engine. Gas generator cycle; 2 large turbine exhaust pipes. Status: Development ended 1968. Date: 1963-67. Thrust: 134.00 kN (30,124 lbf). More at: N2O4/UDMH

11D425 - Article Number of KTDU-425 N2O4-UDMH rocket engine.

11D425A - Article Number of KTDU-425A N2O4-UDMH rocket engine.

11D426 - Article Number of KDU-426 N2O4-UDMH rocket engine.

11D428 - Melnikov N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. Part of the Yantar-2K spy satellite orbital propulsion system. In production. The orbital maneuvering system of the Yantar-2K consisted of one 11D430, four 11D431, four 11D446, and eight 11D428. Up to 40,000 ignitions. Status: In Production. Thrust: 110 N (20 lbf). More at: N2O4/UDMH

11D43 - Glushko N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. Developed 1960-64. Low-expansion ratio gimbaled variant for Proton stage 1 concept. Configuration 4 x 8D43 clustered with 4 x 11D43 abandoned in favor of 6 x Glushko 11D48 in final Proton design. Status: Developed 1960-64. Date: 1960-64. Thrust: 1,642.00 kN (369,136 lbf). More at: N2O4/UDMH

11D430 - Melnikov N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. Main engine of the Yantar-2K spy satellite orbital propulsion system. In production. The orbital maneuvering system of the Yantar-2K consisted of one 11D430, four 11D431, four 11D446, and eight 11D428. Up to 50 ignitions. Chamber Pressure: 9.00 bar. Status: In Production. Thrust: 29.43 kN (6,616 lbf). More at: N2O4/UDMH

11D431 - Melnikov N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. Part of the Yantar-2K spy satellite orbital propulsion system. In production. The orbital maneuvering system of the Yantar-2K consisted of one 11D430, four 11D431, four 11D446, and eight 11D428. Up to 150,000 ignitions. Status: In Production. Thrust: 5.88 N (1.32 lbf). More at: N2O4/UDMH

11D442 - Article Number of KRD-442 N2O4-UDMH rocket engine.

11D445 - Melnikov N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. In Production. Propulsion system of the Yantar-2K military satellite descent capsule. Up to 10,000 ignitions. Thrust from 0,065 - 0,012 kN. Status: In Production. Thrust: 65 N (14 lbf). More at: N2O4/UDMH

11D446 - Melnikov N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. Part of the Yantar-2K spy satellite orbital propulsion system. In production. The orbital maneuvering system of the Yantar-2K consisted of one 11D430, four 11D431, four 11D446, and eight 11D428. Up to 40,000 ignitions. Status: In Production. Thrust: 52 N (11 lbf). More at: N2O4/UDMH

11D452 - Isayev liquid propellant rocket engine, providing maneuvering and and retrofire propulsion for the Zenit-6 and Zenit-8 spy satellites.

11D458 - Article number for RDMT-400.

11D458 - Isayev N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. In Production. Small attitude control thruster in Briz upper stage propulsion system S5.98M. Total summary impulse 14,112 kg-s. Minimum impulse 4 kg-s. Specific impulse also reported as 275 sec. Oxidizer to Fuel Ratio: 2.0. Status: In Production. Thrust: 392 N (88 lbf). More at: N2O4/UDMH

11D48 - Article Number of RD-253-11D48 N2O4-UDMH rocket engine.

11D49 - Isayev Nitric acid/UDMH rocket engine. Kosmos-3M stage 2. Engine has one main and four steering nozzles. Thrust 157.5 + 4 x 25 kN. Predecessor was 11D47 in R-14 (derivative) stage 2. First flight 1964. Date: 1960-64. Number: 788 . Unfuelled mass: 185 kg (407 lb). Thrust: 157.50 kN (35,407 lbf). More at: Nitric acid/UDMH

11D51 - Article Number of NK-15 LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D511 - Article Number of RD-107-11D511 LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D511P - Article Number of RD-107-11D511P LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D511PF - Article Number of RD-117PF LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D512 - Article Number of RD-108-11D512 LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D512P - Article Number of RD-108-11D512P LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D513 - Article Number of RD-8 LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D51F - Kuznetsov LOx/Kerosene rocket engine. N1F 1965 - A. Study 1965. As described in N1 improvement study, 1965. Block A engine thrust increased. Status: Study 1965. Date: 1965. Thrust: 1,918.00 kN (431,183 lbf). More at: Lox/Kerosene

11D51M - Kuznetsov LOx/Kerosene rocket engine. N1M 1965 - A. Study 1965. As described in N1 improvement study, 1965. Huge modification of Block A engines - sea level thrust increased from 175 metric tons thrust to 250 metric tons. Status: Study 1965. Date: 1965. Thrust: 2,843.00 kN (639,131 lbf). More at: Lox/Kerosene

11D520 - Article Number of RD-170 LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D521 - Article Number of RD-171 LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D52F - Kuznetsov LOx/Kerosene rocket engine. N1F 1965 - B. Study 1965. As per N1 improvement study, 1965. Engine thrust increased from 150 t each to 200 t. Status: Study 1965. Date: 1965. Thrust: 1,961.00 kN (440,850 lbf). More at: Lox/Kerosene

11D52M - Kuznetsov LOx/Kerosene rocket engine. N1M 1965 - B. Study 1965. As per N1 improvement study, 1965. Thrust increased to 280 metric tons per engine. Status: Study 1965. Date: 1965. Thrust: 2,745.00 kN (617,100 lbf). More at: Lox/Kerosene

11D52V - Article Number of NK-15V LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D52VM - Article Number of NK-15VM LOx-LH2 rocket engine.

11D53 - Article number for NK-21.

11D53 - Article number for NK-9V.

11D53 - Article Number of the NK-9V-11D53 LOx-Kerosene rocket engine and its [NK-9V-11D53] and [NK-9V-11D53] variants .

11D53F - Kuznetsov LOx/Kerosene rocket engine. N1F 1965 - V. Study 1965. As per N1 improvement study, 1965. Engine thrust increased and stretched propellant tanks resulting in 20% longer burn time. Status: Study 1965. Date: 1965. Thrust: 612.00 kN (137,583 lbf). More at: Lox/Kerosene

11D53M - Kuznetsov LOx/Kerosene rocket engine. N1M 1965 - V. Study 1965. As per N1 improvement study, 1965. Further increase in thrust of Block V engines. Used on N-IM 1965 launch vehicle. Status: Study 1965. Date: 1965. Thrust: 735.00 kN (165,234 lbf). More at: Lox/Kerosene

11D54 - Article number for RD-54.

11D54 - Article number for NK-9V-11D54.

11D54 - Article Number of the NK-19 and [NK-19] LOx-Kerosene rocket engine. Reused for the [NK-19] LOx-LH2 rocket engine.

11D55 - Article number for RD-0108.

11D55 - Article Number of RD-0110 LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D56 - Article Number of RD-56 LOx-LH2 rocket engine.

11D56M - Article Number of RD-56M LOx-LH2 rocket engine.

11D57 - Article Number of RD-57 LOx-LH2 rocket engine.

11D57M - Article Number of RD-57M LOx-LH2 rocket engine.

11D58 - Article Number of RD-58 LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D58M - Article Number of RD-58M LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D58MF - Article Number of RD-58MF LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D58S - Article Number of RD-58S LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D58Z - Article Number of RD-58Z LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

11D614 - Article Number of RD-216 Nitric acid-UDMH rocket engine.

11D62 - Article Number of KTDU-35 Nitric acid-UDMH rocket engine.

11D68 - Article Number of S5.51 N2O4-UDMH rocket engine.

11D69 - Article Number for RD-218 Nitric acid-UDMH rocket engine.

11D79 - Stepanov N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. Blok D SOZ. In Production. Thrust 1.1-4.5 metric tons variable. Status: In Production. Date: 1964-67. Thrust: 44.00 kN (9,891 lbf). More at: N2O4/UDMH

11D82M - Solid propellant retrorocket developed for the Zenit series of recoverable reconnaisance satellites. The motor was developed to replace the liquid propellant motor used in Vostok and earlier versions of Zenit. The installation was interchangeable. In the 22 May 1959 government decree that gave the go-ahead for the Vostok program both Isayev's OKB-2 and the NII-125 design bureau of Boris Zhukov were tasked with developing deorbit engines for the various Vostok versions. OKB-2 was to develop a liquid-propellant engine and NII-125 a solid-propellant engine. Korolev decided to use the liquid-propellant engine both on the manned vehicle and the first spy satellite version (Zenit-2). This engine was initially known as S5.4, but received the military index 8D66 after Zenit-2 was declared operational. Series production of the engine was turned over by OKB-2 to the Zlatoust Machine Building Factory, where it was manufactured until 1975. In 1974 forty engines were produced and stored with a storage lifetime of 10 years.

The liquid propellant engine was used by Zenit-2, Zenit-4, Zenit-2M and Zenit-4MKM, with its last flight with Cosmos 1214 in 1985 . A new Isayev engine (11D452) was introduced on Zenit-6 and a slightly modified version of that (11D452A) flew on Zenit-6U and presumably also on Zenit-8.

When OKB-1 finished the preliminary design for Zenit-4 in 1964, the idea was to introduce the NII-125 solid-fuel engine on the series production versions of the satellite. The solid-fuel engine made a test flight on Cosmos 69 (a Zenit-4) in June 1965, but didn't fly again until October 1968 (Cosmos 251, the first Zenit-4M). The solid-propellant engine flew on Zenit-4M, 4MT and 4MK. More at: Solid

11F35 - Article Number of Buran manned spaceplane.

11F36 - Article number for Buran launch vehicle.

11F36 - Article Number of Buran manned spaceplane integrated with the [Energia] launch vehicle.

11F37 - Article Number of Kvant manned space station.

11F61 - Article Number of Zenit-2 satellite military surveillance satellite.

11F610 - Article number for Strela-2.

11F610 - Article Number of the Strela-2M and [Strela-2M] military store-dump communications satellites.

11F611 - Russian military satellite. Unknown mission.

11F614 - Article number for Meteor M 11F614.

11F614 - Article Number of Meteor-M earth weather satellite.

11F615 - Article number for Soyuz Kontakt.

11F615 - Article Number of Soyuz 7K-OK and [Soyuz 7K-OK] manned spacecraft.

11F615A12 - Article Number of Soyuz 7K-TM manned spacecraft.

11F615A15 - Article Number of Progress logistics spacecraft.

11F615A55 - Article Number of Progress M logistics spacecraft.

11F615A75 - Article number for Progress M2 logistics spacecraft.

11F615A77 - Article Number of Progress M2 logistics spacecraft.

11F615A8 - Article Number of Soyuz 7K-T manned spacecraft.

11F615A9 - Article Number of Soyuz 7K-T/A9 manned spacecraft.

11F616 - Article Number of Tselina-O military naval signals reconnaissance satellite.

11F617 - Article number for Tselina-OM.

11F617 - Article Number of Tsiklon satellite navigation satellite and [Tsiklon] military naval signals reconnaissance satellite.

11F618 - Article Number of DS-P1-Yu military target satellite.

11F619 - Article Number of Tselina-D military naval signals reconnaissance satellite.

11F620 - Article Number of DS-P1-I military target satellite.

11F621 - Article Number of Sfera earth geodetic satellite.

11F622 - Article number for Yantar-1.

11F622 - Article Number of Yantar-2 and [Yantar-2] military surveillance satellite.

11F624 - Article Number of Yantar-2K military surveillance satellite.

11F625 - Article Number of Svetoch military communications satellite.

11F626 - Article Number of Forpost military communications satellite.

11F627 - Article Number of Parus navigation satellite.

11F628 - Article Number of Molniya-2 communications satellite.

11F629 - Article Number of Zenit-4MT military surveillance satellite.

11F630 - Article Number of Yantar-1KF military surveillance satellite.

11F631 - Article Number of Tyulpan military anti-satellite system target satellite.

11F632 - Article Number of Meteor-2 earth weather satellite.

11F633 - Article Number of Taifun-1 military target satellite.

11F634 - Article Number of Romb military target satellite.

11F635 - Article Number of Zenit-4MKT military surveillance satellite.

11F637 - Article Number of Molniya-3 communications satellite.

11F638 - Article Number of Raduga communications satellite.

11F639 - Article Number of Ekspress communications satellite.

11F642 - Article Number of Yantar-2K-M military surveillance satellite.

11F643 - Article Number of Tsikada navigation satellite.

11F644 - Article Number of Tselina-2 military naval signals reconnaissance satellite.

11F645 - Article Number of Zenit-6U military surveillance satellite.

11F647 - Article Number of Ekran communications satellite.

11F647M - Article Number of Ekran-M communications satellite.

11F649 - Article Number of Yantar-3KF military surveillance satellite.

11F650 - Article Number of Yantar-6K military surveillance satellite.

11F651 - Article Number of Resurs-OE earth land resources satellite.

11F652 - Article Number of Elektro earth weather satellite.

11F653 - Article Number of Astrofizika earth geodetic satellite.

11F654 - Article Number of Glonass navigation satellite.

11F658 - Article Number of Molniya-1T military communications satellite.

11F660 - Article Number of Yantar-1KFT military surveillance satellite.

11F661 - Article Number of Yantar-6KS military surveillance satellite.

11F662 - Article Number of Gorizont communications satellite.

11F663 - Article Number of Potok military communications satellite.

11F664 - Article Number of Arkon-1 military surveillance satellite.

11F666 - Article Number of Geo-IK earth geodetic satellite.

11F668 - Article Number of Almaz-T civilian surveillance radar satellite.

11F669 - Article Number of Luch military communications satellite.

11F67 - Article Number of Molniya-1 military communications satellite.

11F69 - Article Number of Zenit-4 military surveillance satellite.

11F690 - Article Number of Zenit-2M satellite military surveillance satellite.

11F691 - Article Number of Zenit-4M military surveillance satellite.

11F692M - Article number for Zenit-4MK.

11F692M - Article Number of Zenit-4MKM and [Zenit-4MKM] military surveillance satellite.

11F693 - Article Number of Yantar-4K1 military surveillance satellite.

11F694 - Article Number of Yantar-4KS1 military surveillance satellite.

11F695 - Article Number of Yantar-4K2 military surveillance satellite.

11F697 - Article Number of Resurs-O1 earth land resources satellite.

11F71 - Article number for Almaz.

11F71 - Article number for Soyuz P.

11F71 - Article number for Soyuz PPK.

11F71 - Article number for Soyuz R.

11F71 - Article number for Almaz OPS-2.

11F71 - Article Number of the Almaz OPS manned space stations. Earlier applied to the Soyuz P and Soyuz R designs to the same requirement.

11F71+111F74 - Article Number of Almaz APOS manned space station.

11F715 - Article number for Salyut 1.

11F715 - Article number for Salyut 6.

11F715 - Article number for Salyut 7.

11F715 - Article Number of the Salyut 4 [Salyut 4] [Salyut 4] and [Salyut 4] manned space stations.

11F72 - Article Number of TKS manned spacecraft.

11F73 - Article number for Soyuz VI.

11F73 - Article Number of the OPS + TKS manned combat spacecraft and replacement [OPS + TKS] manned space station.

11F732 - Article number for Soyuz TMA.

11F732 - Article number for Soyuz T.

11F732 - Article number for Soyuz TM.

11F732 - Article Number of the Soyuz 7K-S manned spacecraft and its follow-ons, the [Soyuz 7K-S] [Soyuz 7K-S] and [Soyuz 7K-S]

11F75 - Russian military satellite. Unknown mission.

11F76 - Article Number of KSI logistics spacecraft.

11F77 - Article Number of Mir Modules-FGB manned space station.

11F77D - Article Number of Kvant-2 manned space station.

11F77I - Article Number of Priroda manned space station.

11F77O - Article Number of Spektr manned space station.

11F77T - Article Number of Kristall manned space station.

11F91 - Article Number of Soyuz 7K-L1 manned lunar flyby spacecraft.

11F92 - Article Number of Soyuz 7K-L1A manned lunar orbiter.

11F93 - Article Number of Soyuz 7K-LOK manned lunar orbiter.

11F94 - Article Number of LK manned lunar lander.

11K - Manufacturer's designation for Soyuz V logistics spacecraft.

11K25 - Article number for Energia.

11K54 - Article number for N111.

11K55 - Article number for Soyuz 11K55.

11K56 - Article number for Soyuz 11K56.

11K63 - Article number for Kosmos 11K63.

11K64 - Article number for 64S5.

11K65 - Article number for Kosmos 11K65.

11K65M - Article number for Kosmos 11K65M.

11K67 - Article number for Tsiklon-2A.

11K68 - Article number for Tsiklon-3.

11K69 - Article number for Tsiklon-2.

11K77 - Article number for Zenit-2.

11S510 - Article number for Soyuz 11A511-2 rocket stage.

11S59 Block D - Article number for Soyuz 11A511-1 rocket stage.

11S59 Blocks A,B,V,G - Article number for Soyuz 11A511-0 rocket stage.

11S681 - Article number for Tsyklon 2-1 rocket stage.

11S682 - Article number for Tsyklon 2-2 rocket stage.

11S691 - Article number for Tsyklon 3-1 rocket stage.

11S692 - Article number for Tsyklon 3-2 rocket stage.

11S693 - Alternate name for Tsyklon 3-3.

11S693; S5M - Article number for Tsyklon 3-3 rocket stage.

11S824 - Article number for Proton 11S824F.

11S824 - Article number for Proton 11S824M.

11S824 - Article Number of Proton 11S824 rocket stage.

11S824F - Article Number of Proton 11S824F rocket stage.

11S824M - Article Number of Proton 11S824M rocket stage.

11xBaby Sergeant - Alternate name for Jupiter C-2.

120-KS-23,520 - Alternate designation for Star 63F Solid rocket engine.

120th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

121 - Alternate designation for Tu-121.

121st Missile Regiment - Operated 3 R-16 silos and 4 pads 1964-1976.

122nd Missile Regiment - Operated 10 UR-100, UR-100NU silos 1967- 1999. Operated 10 Topol-M2 silos 2000-on.

123 - Alternate designation for Tu-133.

123 - Alternate designation for Tu-123.

1241st Guards Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

1242nd Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Uyta, Vologda Oblast, February 1968 - 1980. In 1980 transferred to Inchoun, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. S-75 (SA-2) missiles.

1244th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Volgodonsk, Rostov Oblast, 1970 - 1997 S-75 (SA-2) missiles S-75 (SA-2) missiles; S-200 (SA-5) launchers

124th Missile Regiment - Operated 2 R-16 pads 1963-1977. Operated 10 RT-2 silos 1972-1994.

1250th Guards Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

1251st Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Activated 1961 in Magadan, Magadan Oblast, from the 361st Fighter Aviation Regiment. Operational there 1960 - 1992. S-75 (SA-2) missiles.

1252nd Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

1257th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

127th Missile Regiment - Operated 2 R-16 pads 1964-1968. Operated 10 UR-100 silos 1970-1991.

1281st Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Toropets, Tver Oblast, 1960 - 1998 S-75 (SA-2) missiles S-75 (SA-2) missiles, S-200 (SA-5) launchers

1282nd Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

1284th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Maloyaroslavets, Kaluga Oblast, December 1968 - 1994. S-125 (SA-3), S-200 (SA-5) missiles.

1287th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

129th Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

129th Missile Regiment - Operated 10 UR-100, MR-UR-100 silos 1967-1989.

12KS - Manufacturer's designation for Bion biology satellite.

12KS10000 - Bristol solid rocket engine. Status: Retired 1985. Gross mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Unfuelled mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Thrust: 45.00 kN (10,116 lbf). More at: Solid

130 - Alternate designation for Tu-130.

1300th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

130th Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

131 - Alternate designation for Tu-131.

131st Missile Regiment - Operated 4 R-16 pads and 3 silos 1962-1968. Transferred to Uzhur. Operated 6 R-36 missiles 1971-2009.

132nd Missile Regiment - Operated 8 R-12 pads 1961-1967. Moved to Manzovka, operated Temp-S launchers from 1967. Transferred to Army 1968, becoming 123rd Guards Missile Brigade.

134th Missile Regiment - Operated 10 UR-100 silos 1967-1994.

138th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Dnepropetrovsk, Dnepropetrovsk Oblast, 1959 - 1992 S-75 (SA-2) missiles S-75 (SA-2) missiles; S-300PS, S-300PT launchers.

13KS - Manufacturer's designation for Energia satellite satellite.

14.8-KS-1,708 - Alternate designation for Star 13B Solid rocket engine.

140th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

141st Missile Regiment - Operated 10 UR-100, MR-UR-100 missiles 1968-1988.

142nd Guards Missile Regiment - Operated 8 R-12 pads 1960-1980. Transferred to Nizhniy Tagil. Operated 9 Pioner launchers 1981-1985. Operated 9 Topol launchers 1985-on.

143rd Missile Regiment - Operated 2 R-16 pads 1961-1969. Transferred to Kozelsk. Operated 10 UR-100 missiles 1972-1985.

146th Guards Missile Regiment - Operated 2 R-16 pads 1962-1975.

148th Guards Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

149th Missile Regiment - Operated 3 RT-23UTTKh missile trains 1989-2004.

14-BISat - Technology, thermospheric research satellite for CRESEA, TEKEVER, Brazil. Cubesat 2U bus. Gross mass: 2.00 kg (4.40 lb).

14D14 - Government designation of RD-253-14D14 N2O4-UDMH rocket engine.

14D23 - Article number for RD-0124-14D23.

14D23 - Article Number of RD-0124 and [RD-0124] LOx-Kerosene rocket engines.

14D30 - Government designation of S5.98M N2O4-UDMH rocket engine.

14D451M - Government designation of RD-0124 LOx-Kerosene rocket engine.

14F10 - Article Number of IS-MU military anti-satellite system.

14F136 - Alternate name for Garpun.

14F33 - Article Number of LO manned space station.

14F40 - Article Number of Resurs F1-14F40 earth land resources satellite.

14F43 - Article Number of Resurs F1-14F43 earth land resources satellite.

14F70 - Article Number of Zarya satellite.

15.3-KS-1,320 - Alternate designation for Star 13A Solid rocket engine.

150th Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

151st Missile Regiment - Operated R-12 in 4 pads and 4 silos 1961-1988.

153rd Missile Regiment - Operated 3 RT-23UTTKh missile trains 1987-2005.

154th Missile Regiment - Operated 10 UR-100 silos 1969-1994.

156th Missile Regiment - Active 1961-1962, intended for operation of R-12 pads at Lychen, East Germany. Deployment to East Germany cancelled when longer-range R-14 came available.

157th Missile Regiment - Operated 6 R-36-O silos 1970-1983.

158th Guards Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

158th Missile Regiment - Operated 3 RT-23UTTKh missile trains 1988-2005.

15A10 - Article number for Taran.

15A10 - Article number for UR-100.

15A11 - Article number for Perimetr 15A11.

15A14 - Article number for R-36M 15A14.

15A15 - Article number for MR-UR-100.

15A16 - Article number for MR-UR-100U 15A16.

15A18 - Article number for R-36MU 15A18.

15A18M2 - Article number for R-36M2 15A18M.

15A18M2 - Article number for Dnepr.

15A20 - Article number for UR-100K.

15A20U - Article number for UR-100U.

15A30 - Article number for UR-100N.

15A30 - Article number for Rokot.

15A30 - Article number for Strela launch vehicle.

15A35 - Article number for UR-100NU 15A35.

15B86 - Article number for R-36M 15A14.

15D12 - Government designation of RD-857 N2O4-UDMH rocket engine.

15D13 - Klimov N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. Study 1968. Main engine for midcourse Block 1V ascent/trans-earth injection stage of LK-700 manned spacecraft. See also 11D423. Status: Study 1968. Thrust: 131.40 kN (29,540 lbf). More at: N2O4/UDMH

15D13 - Article Number of 8D423 N2O4-UDMH rocket engine. Status: Study 1968. Thrust: 131.40 kN (29,540 lbf).

15D151 - NII-125 solid rocket engine. Designed for first stage of combined missile and SLBM; flight tested, no production. First flight 1967. Solid propellant rocket stage. Four nozzles. Length with interstage 9.8 m. Sea level thrust 60,000 kgf. Specific impulse estimated. Status: Out of production. Date: 1964-69. Number: 12 . Gross mass: 19,150 kg (42,210 lb). Unfuelled mass: 2,450 kg (5,400 lb). Thrust: 647.00 kN (145,451 lbf). More at: Solid

15D169 - Article Number of Yuzhnoye RD-862 N2O4-UDMH rocket engine. Gross mass: 10,000 kg (22,000 lb). Unfuelled mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Thrust: 142.00 kN (31,922 lbf).

15D169 - DELETE Status: S. Gross mass: 10,000 kg (22,000 lb). Unfuelled mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Thrust: 142.00 kN (31,922 lbf). More at: Solid

15D2 - Article number for RD-0217.

15D2 - Article Number of RD-0216 and [RD-0216] N2O4-UDMH rocket engines.

15D206 - Yuzhnoye solid rocket engine. RT-23 early models stage I. Out of Production. The case-bound T9-BK composite solid propellant charge had a star shape channel. The case was of organic fiber-wound plastic material. Status: Out of Production. Date: 1976-85. Thrust: 2,353.00 kN (528,975 lbf). More at: Solid

15D23 - KBMash solid rocket engine. RT-2 Stage 1. Out of Production. Three gimbaled nozzles for steering. Ammonium perchlorate/aluminum propellant. Chamber pressure 40 kgf/cm2. Status: Out of Production. Date: 1961-1966. Gross mass: 34,600 kg (76,200 lb). Unfuelled mass: 4,000 kg (8,800 lb). Thrust: 892.00 kN (200,529 lbf). More at: Solid

15D23P - TsKB-7 solid rocket engine. RT-2P Stage 1. Out of Production. Three gimbaled nozzles for steering. Ammonium perchlorate/ammonium butyl propellant. Chamber pressure 56 kgf/cm2. Status: Out of Production. Date: 1968-1972. Number: 4 . Gross mass: 34,550 kg (76,160 lb). Unfuelled mass: 3,750 kg (8,260 lb). Thrust: 980.00 kN (220,310 lbf). More at: Solid

15D24 - TsKB-7 solid rocket engine. RT-2 Stage 2. Out of Production. Three gimbaled nozzles for steering. Ammonium perchlorate/aluminum propellant. Chamber pressure 40 kgf/cm2. Average thrust 33 metric tons. Status: Out of Production. Date: 1961-1966. Gross mass: 9,600 kg (21,100 lb). Unfuelled mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Thrust: 431.00 kN (96,892 lbf). More at: Solid

15D24P - TsKB-7 solid rocket engine. RT-2P Stage 2. Out of Production. Three gimbaled nozzles for steering. Ammonium perchlorate/ammonium butyl propellant. Chamber pressure 48 kgf/cm2. Status: Out of Production. Date: 1968-1972. Gross mass: 11,280 kg (24,860 lb). Unfuelled mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Thrust: 437.30 kN (98,309 lbf). More at: Solid

15D25 - KBMash solid rocket engine. RT-2 Stage 3. Out of Production. Three gimbaled nozzles for steering. Ammonium perchlorate/aluminum propellant. Status: Out of Production. Date: 1961-1966. Gross mass: 3,500 kg (7,700 lb). Unfuelled mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Thrust: 137.00 kN (30,798 lbf). More at: Solid

15D27 - Arsenal solid rocket engine. Status: Retired 1974. Number: 4 . Gross mass: 11,300 kg (24,900 lb). Unfuelled mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Thrust: 432.00 kN (97,117 lbf). More at: Solid

15D305 - Yuzhnoye, Tsurilnikov solid rocket engine. RT-23 stage I. Out of Production. Case-bound OPAL composite solid propellant charge with a star shape channel. The case was of organic fiber-wound plastic material. R-39 first stage. Status: Out of Production. Date: 1976-85. Thrust: 3,040.00 kN (683,410 lbf). More at: Solid

15D339 - Yuzhnoye. Tsurilnikov solid rocket engine. RT-23 stage II. Out of Production. The case-bound START composite solid propellant charge had a cylindrical-conical umbrella shape channel. The case was of organic fiber-wound plastic material. Status: Out of Production. Date: 1976-85. Number: 20 . Gross mass: 25,000 kg (55,000 lb). Thrust: 1,470.00 kN (330,460 lbf). More at: Solid

15D94 - TsKB-7 solid rocket engine. RT-2P Stage 3. Out of Production. Three gimbaled nozzles for steering. Ammonium perchlorate/ammonium butyl propellant. Chamber pressure 48 kgf/cm2. Status: Out of Production. Date: 1968-1972. Number: 4 . Gross mass: 4,640 kg (10,220 lb). Unfuelled mass: 1,040 kg (2,290 lb). Thrust: 180.40 kN (40,556 lbf). More at: Solid

15D95 - Government designation of RD-0232 N2O4-UDMH rocket engine.

15F1 - Article number for RT-2.

15F173 - Article number for R-36M2 15A18M.

15F183 - Article number for R-36MU 15A18.

15F842 - Article number for UR-100.

15KS25000 - Bristol solid rocket engine. Status: Retired 1999. Number: 167 . Gross mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Unfuelled mass: 150 kg (330 lb). Thrust: 111.00 kN (24,953 lbf). More at: Solid

15P015 - Article number for MR-UR-100.

15P016 - Article number for MR-UR-100U 15A16.

15P020 - Article number for UR-100U.

15P030 - Article number for UR-100N.

15P035 - Article number for UR-100NU 15A35.

15P084 - Article number for UR-100M.

15P098 - Article number for RT-2.

15P098P - Article number for RT-2P.

15P696 - Article number for RT-15.

15P784 - Article number for Taran.

15P784 - Article number for UR-100.

15P884 - Article number for UR-100K.

15th Missile Regiment - Operated Pioner missiles 1983-1989.

15Zh41 - Article number for RT-21.

15Zh42 - Article number for Temp-2S.

15Zh44 - Article number for RT-23 15Zh44.

15Zh45 - Russian intermediate range ballistic missile. The missile was given a different DOD mod designation according to the number of warheads - Mod 1 for the single warhead version, Mod 2 for the triple warhead version. Gross mass: 35,703 kg (78,711 lb). Payload: 1,740 kg (3,830 lb).

15Zh45UTTKh - Article number for Pioner UTTKh.

15Zh52 - Article number for RT-23 15Zh52.

15Zh53 - Russian intermediate range ballistic missile. Development of a modernized version of the 15Zh45 IRBM began at the beginning of the 1980's. Flight trials either began in 1985 or were cancelled prior to their planned start in 1986. In 1988 the project was cancelled following the signature of the INF Treaty that banned intermediate range ballistic missiles. The missile (known to the Pentagon as both the SS-20 Mod 3 and the SS-28) would have had a range of 7500 km with a single warhead, or 5500 km with multiple warheads.

Compared to the Pioner-U it used a larger launch container, a larger MIRV bus with greater accuracy. The KB Minsk Auto Factory developed a lighter, more comfortable crew cabin - important on constant field deployments.

15Zh58 - Article number for Start.

15Zh58 - Article number for Topol'.

15Zh58 - Article number for Start-1.

15Zh58 - Article number for Topol.

15Zh58A - MITT solid rocket engine. Topol'-M first stage. Status: Active. Gross mass: 26,000 kg (57,000 lb). Unfuelled mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Thrust: 980.00 kN (220,310 lbf). More at: Solid

15Zh58B - MITT solid rocket engine. Topol'-M second stage. Status: Active. Gross mass: 13,000 kg (28,000 lb). Unfuelled mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Thrust: 490.00 kN (110,150 lbf). More at: Solid

15Zh58D - Article number for MIHT-4.

15Zh58V - MITT solid rocket engine. Topol'-M third stage. Status: Active. Gross mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Unfuelled mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Thrust: 245.00 kN (55,078 lbf). More at: Solid

15Zh60 - Article number for RT-23U 15Zh60.

15Zh61 - Alternate designation for RT-23U 15Zh61.

16 in gun - Status: Development ended 1966. Thrust: 1,470,981.00 kN (330,689,683 lbf). More at: Guncotton

16.8-KS-7,870 - Alternate designation for Star 26C Solid rocket engine.

160 inch solid - Solid propellant rocket stage. Notional 160 inch solid motor considered in cluster of 7 as alternative to Nova 8 F-1 stage. Led to 156 inch motors tested in late 1960's. Status: Study 1960. Gross mass: 907,000 kg (1,999,000 lb). Unfuelled mass: 91,000 kg (200,000 lb). Thrust: 13,788.00 kN (3,099,665 lbf). More at: Solid

161st Missile Regiment - Operated 3 RT-23UTTKh missile trains 1990-2002.

163rd Missile Regiment - Operated R-12 on 8 pads and 4 silos 1961-1984, followed by 9 Pioner launchers 1985-1989.

164th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Kimry Borki, Tver Oblast, 1966 - 1994 S-200 (SA-5) launchers

165th Missile Regiment - Operated 10 UR-100, UR-100NU silos 1966- 2003. Operated 10 Topol-M2 silos 2005-on.

168th Missile Regiment - Operated 10 UR-100, UR-100NU missiles 1967-on.

169th Guards Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Uglovo, Leningrad Oblast, 1964 - February 15, 1993 S-125 (SA-3), S-200 (SA-5) launchers

17.6-KS-2,460 - Alternate designation for Star 17 Solid rocket engine.

17.8-KS-7,500 - Alternate designation for Star 26 Solid rocket engine.

17.8-KS-7,784 - Alternate designation for Star 26B Solid rocket engine.

1700 - Government designation of KH-8 military surveillance satellite.

170th Missile Regiment - Operated R-12;Pioner missiles 1959-1993.

173rd Missile Regiment - Operated 10 UR-100, MR-UR-100 missiles 1968-1988 .

174th Missile Regiment - Operated 3 RT-23UTTKh missile trains 1989-2002.

175th Missile Regiment - Operated 2 R-16 pads 1962-1969. Transferred to Dombarovskiy. Operated 6 R-36, R-36M silos 1970-on.

176th Missile Regiment - Operated R-16 on 2 pads 1964-1969; 10 UR-100 silos 1970-1993.

178th Guards Missile Regiment - Operated R-12 missiles from 8 pads and 4 silos 1962-1980.

179th Missile Regiment - Operated 10 UR-100 silos 1967-1994.

17D - Russian surface-to-air missile. Prototype air-breathing surface-to-air missile, using air-augmented solid propellant. Status: Cancelled 1960.

17D11 - Kosberg Lox/Kerosene rocket engine. Buran OMS and verniers. Out of Production. Buran orbital propulsion system, including 2 x 17D12, 38 x 17D15, 8 x RDMT-200K Status: Out of Production. Date: 1976-88. Unfuelled mass: 230 kg (500 lb). Thrust: 86.30 kN (19,401 lbf). More at: Lox/Kerosene

17D12 - Kosberg Lox/Kerosene rocket engine. Out of Production. Version of RD-58 for Buran orbital propulsion system 17D11. Used synthetic kerosene ('Sintin') for higher specific impulse. Status: Out of Production. Date: 1976-88. Unfuelled mass: 230 kg (500 lb). Thrust: 86.30 kN (19,401 lbf). More at: Lox/Kerosene

17D15 - Korolev GOX/Sintin rocket engine. Buran OMS large verniers. Out of Production. Large verniers for Buran orbital propulsion system 17D11. Uses synthetic kerosene ('Sintin') for high specific impulse. Oxygen is gaseous in system. Status: Out of Production. Date: 1976-88. Thrust: 4.00 kN (899 lbf). More at: GOX/Sintin

17D58E - Government designation of RDMT-12 N2O4-UDMH rocket engine.

17D58E - Isayev N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. In Production. Small attitude control thruster used in Briz, Briz-M upper stage propulsion system S5.98M. Status: In Production. Thrust: 13 N (3 lbf). More at: N2O4/UDMH

17D61 - Melnikov N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. Ikar stage 4 for Soyuz-Ikar. Design 1999. Derived from propulsion module of Yantar spy satellite, with over 30 flights to 1998. Increased versatility compared to Block L due to capability for 50 restarts. Status: Design 1999. Unfuelled mass: 820 kg (1,800 lb). Thrust: 2.94 kN (662 lbf). More at: N2O4/UDMH

17D62 - Isayev integrated liquid propulsion system with 1800 kg of propellant, developed for later models of the Yantar 4K spy satellite.

17F114 - Article Number of Taifun-3 military target satellite.

17F115 - Article Number of Koltso military target satellite.

17F116 - Article Number of Zenit-8 military surveillance satellite.

17F118 - Article Number of Nadezhda navigation satellite.

17F12 - Article Number of Orlets-1 military naval signals reconnaissance satellite.

17F120 - Article number for Pirs-2.

17F120 - Article Number of US-PU and [US-PU] military naval signals reconnaissance satellites.

17F13 - Article Number of Strela-3 military store-dump communications satellite.

17F15 - Article Number of Raduga-1 communications satellite.

17F16 - Article Number of US-A military naval surveillance radar satellite.

17F17 - Article Number of US-P military naval signals reconnaissance satellite.

17F19DM - Article Number of Polyus military anti-satellite system.

17F31 - Article Number of Taifun-2 military target satellite.

17F32 - Article Number of NPG manned space station.

17F41 - Article Number of Resurs F1-17F41 earth land resources satellite.

17F42 - Article Number of Resurs F2 earth land resources satellite.

17F43 - Article Number of Okean-O earth resources radar satellite.

17F45 - Article Number of Meteor-3 earth weather satellite.

17F45M - Article Number of Meteor-3M earth weather satellite.

17F71 - Article Number of Gals communications satellite.

17K s/n 121 - Manufacturer's designation for Salyut 1 manned space station.

17K s/n 124 - Manufacturer's designation for Salyut 4 manned space station.

17K114 - Article number for US-A military naval surveillance radar satellite.

17K-AM - A small two stage to orbit horizontal takeoff / horizontal landing vehicle proposed for the Russian Air Force in 1993. Status: Study 1993.

17KS s/n 125 - Manufacturer's designation for Salyut 6 manned space station.

17KS s/n 126 - Manufacturer's designation for Salyut 7 manned space station.

17KS12000 - Alternate designation for Nihka Solid rocket engine.

181st Missile Regiment - Operated 12 R-12 pads 1960-1984, including a deployment to Cuba in 1962. Operated 9 Pioner launchers 1985-1990.

183rd Missile Regiment - Operated 4 R-16 pads 1964-1977.

185th Missile Regiment - Operated R-12 missiles from 8 pads and 4 silos 1961- 1965.

188th Missile Regiment - Operated 3 RT-23UTTKh missile trains 1990-2002.

189th Guards Missile Regiment - Operated Topol' missiles 1991-1 De.

18D - Russian surface-to-air missile. Variant of the 18D air-breathing surface-to-air missile using a magnesium alloy in the fuel to double the initial launch thrust. Status: Cancelled 1957.

19.4-KS-3,600 - Alternate designation for Star 17A Solid rocket engine.

19+80 - Alternate name of NASA-9 astronaut group, 1980.

1900 - Government designation of KH-9 military surveillance satellite.

190th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

1956 Von Braun Cargo Ship - American manned Mars orbiter. Study 1956. Using the same basic systems as the Passenger Ship, the Cargo Ship would substitute a 177 metric ton Landing Boat for the surface expedition in place of the Passenger Sphere and propellant for the return home. Status: Study 1956. Gross mass: 1,700,000 kg (3,700,000 lb). Unfuelled mass: 454,500 kg (1,002,000 lb). Payload: 177,000 kg (390,000 lb). Thrust: 3,530.00 kN (793,570 lbf). More at: Nitric acid/Hydrazine

1956 Von Braun Landing Boat - American manned Mars lander. Study 1956. The 1956 modification of Von Braun's Landing Boat design was reduced in mass by 12%, and the wingspan by 10%. Status: Study 1956. Gross mass: 161,000 kg (354,000 lb). Unfuelled mass: 104,600 kg (230,600 lb). Payload: 49,000 kg (108,000 lb). Thrust: 1,470.00 kN (330,460 lbf). More at: Nitric acid/Hydrazine

1956 Von Braun Passenger Ship - American manned Mars orbiter. Study 1956. The 1956 version of Von Braun's Mars design was slashed by 50% in mass, while the number of passengers was increased from 10 to 12. Status: Study 1956. Gross mass: 1,700,000 kg (3,700,000 lb). Unfuelled mass: 60,000 kg (132,000 lb). Thrust: 3,530.00 kN (793,570 lbf). More at: Nitric acid/Hydrazine

195th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

197th Missile Regiment - Operated 6 R-36;R-36M missiles 1966-1993.

19K - Manufacturer's designation for MKBS manned space station.

19KA30 - Manufacturer's designation for Gamma gamma ray astronomy satellite.

19th Missile Regiment - Operated 9 Pioner missiles 1984-1990.

1A - Manufacturer's designation for Astron x-ray astronomy satellite.

1AS - Alternate name of Granat RK-55.

1AS - Manufacturer's designation for Granat x-ray astronomy satellite.

1F - Alternate designation for Fobos 1F.

1K - Alternate name for Vostok.

1K, 1KP - Alternate designation for Vostok manned spacecraft.

1KP - Alternate name for Vostok.

1KUNS-PF - Technology satellite for University of Nairobi, Kenya. Cubesat 1U bus.

1M - Manufacturer's designation for Mars 1M mars flyby probe.

1MS - Russian technology satellite. Early Kosmos launcher payloads of unknown purpose, possibly from Korolev OKB. Launched 1962. Status: Operational 1962. First Launch: 1962-04-06. Last Launch: 1962-10-25. Number: 2 . Gross mass: 285 kg (628 lb).

1MV - First spacecraft bus designed by Korolev bureau for unmanned planetary probes, launched by the Molniya 8K78 four-stage booster. Gross mass: 640 kg (1,410 lb).

1st Academy - First name of CALT.

1st Guards Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment - Soviet anti-aircraft missile regiment.

1V - Alternate designation for Venera 1V (V-67).

1V (V-67) - Manufacturer's designation for Venera 1V (V-67) Venus probe.

1VA - Manufacturer's designation for Venera 1VA Venus probe.

1Ya2TA - Experimental Soviet ABM. Status: Retired 1971. First Launch: 1966-10-13. Last Launch: 1971-01-01. Number: 6 .

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