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Zenit-2

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Zenit-2 Zenit in assembly hall Credit: Ukrainian Space Agency

AKA: 11K77;J-1;SL-16. Status: Active. First Launch: 1985-04-13. Last Launch: 2004-06-10. Number: 35 . Payload: 13,740 kg (30,290 lb). Thrust: 7,300.00 kN (1,641,100 lbf). Gross mass: 459,000 kg (1,011,000 lb). Height: 57.00 m (187.00 ft). Diameter: 3.90 m (12.70 ft). Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

LEO Payload: 13,740 kg (30,290 lb) to a 200 km orbit at 51.40 degrees. Payload: 5,000 kg (11,000 lb) to a 800 km SSO. Launch Price $: 45.000 million in 1994 dollars.

Stage Data - Zenit-2

• Stage 1. 1 x Zenit-1. Gross Mass: 354,300 kg (781,000 lb). Empty Mass: 28,600 kg (63,000 lb). Thrust (vac): 8,181.129 kN (1,839,191 lbf). Isp: 337 sec. Burn time: 150 sec. Isp(sl): 311 sec. Diameter: 3.90 m (12.70 ft). Span: 3.90 m (12.70 ft). Length: 32.90 m (107.90 ft). Propellants: Lox/Kerosene. No Engines: 1. Engine: RD-171. Status: In Production. Comments: Modification of same stage used as strap-on for Energia launch vehicle.

• Stage 2. 1 x Zenit-2. Gross Mass: 90,600 kg (199,700 lb). Empty Mass: 9,000 kg (19,800 lb). Thrust (vac): 912.000 kN (205,025 lbf). Isp: 349 sec. Burn time: 315 sec. Diameter: 3.90 m (12.70 ft). Span: 3.90 m (12.70 ft). Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Propellants: Lox/Kerosene. No Engines: 1. Engine: RD-120. Status: In Production.

Photo Gallery

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Zenit-2 Zenit pad at Baikonur Credit: Ukrainian Space Agency

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Zenit LV Credit: © Mark Wade

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• Zenit launch vehicle authorised. - . Nation: Russia. Central Committee of the Communist Party and Council of Soviet Ministers Decree 'On the Creation of a Universal Space Missile Complex 11K77 'Zenit'--approval of work on the Zenit launcher' was issued..

• R&D suborbital Zenit launch vehicle test failure - . Nation: Russia. Agency: UNKS.

• Zenit launch vehicle test - . Payload: Mass Model. Nation: Russia. Agency: VKS. Program: Tselina. Decay Date: 1985-06-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 15842 . COSPAR: 1985-053A. Apogee: 338 km (210 mi). Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Inclination: 64.40 deg. Period: 89.90 min. Intended to be suborbital, but some debris reached orbit. Rocket debris decayed by 6/28/85..

• Cosmos 1697 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 3 (Mass Model). Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 16181 . COSPAR: 1985-097A. Apogee: 853 km (530 mi). Perigee: 843 km (523 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 101.90 min. First launch of new Tselina-2 ELINT satellite on Zenit-2 launch vehicle..

• Cosmos 1714 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 4. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. Decay Date: 1986-02-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 16434 . COSPAR: 1985-121A. Apogee: 850 km (520 mi). Perigee: 160 km (90 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 94.70 min. Tselina-2 ELINT satellite placed in unusable orbit due to second stage failure..

• Cosmos 1767 - . Payload: Mass Model. Mass: 15,000 kg (33,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. Decay Date: 1986-08-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 16883 . COSPAR: 1986-056A. Apogee: 205 km (127 mi). Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 88.50 min. Instrumented Tselina-2 mock-up, with mass to test maximum payload capacity of Zenit launch vehicle. Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space..

• Cosmos 1786 - . Mass: 15,000 kg (33,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft: Koltso. Decay Date: 1988-03-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 17042 . COSPAR: 1986-080A. Apogee: 1,054 km (654 mi). Perigee: 149 km (92 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 96.70 min. Radar calibration mission..

• GVM - . Payload: Orlets-2 Mass Model. Mass: 14,000 kg (30,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: Orlets. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Orlets-2. Decay Date: 1988-04-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 17043 . COSPAR: 1986-080B. Apogee: 2,501 km (1,554 mi). Perigee: 185 km (114 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 112.53 min. Mass model of Orlets-2 reconnaissance satellite..

• Cosmos 1820 - . Payload: Orlets-2 Mass Model. Mass: 15,000 kg (33,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: Orlets. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Orlets-2. Decay Date: 1987-03-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 17523 . COSPAR: 1987-016A. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi). Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 88.80 min. Launch vehicle test. Mass model of Orlets-2 reconnaissance satellite..

• Cosmos 1833 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 5 (Mass Model). Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 17589 . COSPAR: 1987-027A. Apogee: 855 km (531 mi). Perigee: 845 km (525 mi). Inclination: 70.90 deg. Period: 101.90 min.

• Cosmos 1844 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 6. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 17973 . COSPAR: 1987-041A. Apogee: 851 km (528 mi). Perigee: 844 km (524 mi). Inclination: 70.90 deg. Period: 101.90 min.

• Cosmos 1871 - . Payload: Uragan boilerplate or Orlets-2 Mass Model. Mass: 15,000 kg (33,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spaceplane. Spacecraft Bus: Spiral 50-50. Spacecraft: Uragan Space Interceptor. Duration: 9.00 days. Decay Date: 1987-08-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 18259 . COSPAR: 1987-065A. Apogee: 188 km (116 mi). Perigee: 168 km (104 mi). Inclination: 97.00 deg. Period: 88.10 min. Considered by some observors as possible spite test of Uragan space interceptor boilerplate mass model, just prior to project cancellation.
  Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space..

• Cosmos 1873 - . Payload: Uragan boilerplate or Orlets-2 Mass Model. Mass: 15,000 kg (33,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spaceplane. Spacecraft Bus: Spiral 50-50. Spacecraft: Uragan Space Interceptor. Duration: 16.00 days. Decay Date: 1987-09-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 18318 . COSPAR: 1987-071A. Apogee: 241 km (149 mi). Perigee: 175 km (108 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 88.70 min. Considered by some observors as possible spite test of Uragan space interceptor boilerplate mass model, just prior to project cancellation.
  Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space..

• Uragan spaceplane allegedly cancelled - . Nation: Russia. Spacecraft Bus: Spiral 50-50. Spacecraft: Uragan Space Interceptor.

  Uragan was said to have been cancelled before the first flight of the Buran shuttle. Possibly the cancellation of US Shuttle polar orbit military missions from Vandenberg after the Challenger explosion eliminated the space interceptor's mission. Or perhaps it never existed and was merely the subject of a very successful disinformation campaign. Adding even more confusion is that it is now known that at least two spaceplanes - Chelomei's LKS, for launch on Proton, and Molniya's OK-M, for launch on Zenit, were being designed concurrently with Buran. And the official history of the MiG OKB, states cryptically that after completion of the 105-11 flight tests development of the spaceplane continued....

• Cosmos 1943 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 7. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 19119 . COSPAR: 1988-039A. Apogee: 851 km (528 mi). Perigee: 837 km (520 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 101.80 min.

• Cosmos 1980 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 8. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 19649 . COSPAR: 1988-102A. Apogee: 849 km (527 mi). Perigee: 841 km (522 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 101.80 min.

• Cosmos 2082 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 9. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 20624 . COSPAR: 1990-046A. Apogee: 857 km (532 mi). Perigee: 838 km (520 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 101.90 min.

• Tselina-2 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 10. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: UNKS. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2.

• Tselina-2 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 11. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: UNKS. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2.

• Tselina-2 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 12. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: UNKS. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2.

• Cosmos 2219 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 13. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 22219 . COSPAR: 1992-076A. Apogee: 854 km (530 mi). Perigee: 845 km (525 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 101.90 min.

• Cosmos 2227 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 14. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 22284 . COSPAR: 1992-093A. Apogee: 855 km (531 mi). Perigee: 845 km (525 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 101.90 min.

• Cosmos 2237 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 15. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 22565 . COSPAR: 1993-016A. Apogee: 855 km (531 mi). Perigee: 847 km (526 mi). Inclination: 70.90 deg. Period: 102.00 min.

• Cosmos 2263 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 16. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 22802 . COSPAR: 1993-059A. Apogee: 857 km (532 mi). Perigee: 845 km (525 mi). Inclination: 70.90 deg. Period: 102.00 min.

• Cosmos 2278 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 17. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 23087 . COSPAR: 1994-023A. Apogee: 857 km (532 mi). Perigee: 846 km (525 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 102.00 min.

• Cosmos 2290 - . Payload: Orlets-2 no. 1. Mass: 13,000 kg (28,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: Orlets. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Orlets-2. Decay Date: 1995-04-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 23218 . COSPAR: 1994-053A. Apogee: 392 km (243 mi). Perigee: 181 km (112 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 90.25 min. Only flight of Orlets-2 long-duration military reconnaissance satellite with 22 film-return capsules..

• Resurs-O1 No. 3 - . Payload: Resurs-O1 No. 3. Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor. Spacecraft: Resurs-O1. USAF Sat Cat: 23342 . COSPAR: 1994-074A. Apogee: 663 km (411 mi). Perigee: 660 km (410 mi). Inclination: 98.03 deg. Period: 97.98 min.

  Studied natural resources. It carried the German Safir-R1 communications experiment as a secondary attached payload. Expected life 3 to 5 years. The spacecraft mass of 1,907 kg was slightly higher than earlier models. The principal Earth observation sensors were MSU-SK and MSU-E instruments along with an experimental PVM-E local vertical sensor .

• Cosmos 2297 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 18. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 23404 . COSPAR: 1994-077A. Apogee: 857 km (532 mi). Perigee: 845 km (525 mi). Inclination: 71.01 deg. Period: 101.96 min.

• Cosmos 2322 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 19. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 23704 . COSPAR: 1995-058A. Apogee: 854 km (530 mi). Perigee: 847 km (526 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 102.00 min.

• Cosmos 2333 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 20. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 24297 . COSPAR: 1996-051A. Apogee: 852 km (529 mi). Perigee: 849 km (527 mi). Inclination: 70.90 deg. Period: 101.90 min. New heavy ELINT class..

• Heavy ELINT - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 21. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: VKS. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2.

• Resurs-O1 No. 4 - . Payload: Resurs-O1 No. 4. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: VNIIEM. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor. Spacecraft: Resurs-O1. USAF Sat Cat: 25394 . COSPAR: 1998-043A. Apogee: 818 km (508 mi). Perigee: 815 km (506 mi). Inclination: 98.80 deg. Period: 101.20 min.

  In addition to its remote sensing equipment, the satellite carried the Belgian LLMS (Little LEO Messaging System) communications payload for the IRIS system. The launch was critical in restoring confidence in the Zenit vehicle prior to planned commercial launches of Globalstar satellites from Baikonur and the first Sea Launch flights using a three-stage Zenit from a California-based floating launch platform. Expected life 3 to 5 years.

• TMSAT - . Payload: Thai-Paht. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: Thailand. Agency: FACh. Manufacturer: Surrey. Program: TMSAT. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-70. USAF Sat Cat: 25396 . COSPAR: 1998-043C. Apogee: 819 km (508 mi). Perigee: 816 km (507 mi). Inclination: 98.80 deg. Period: 101.20 min.

  Customer: Thailand (Thai Microsatellite Company and MUT). Thailand's first microsatellite built through a technology transfer programme with Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. Carried store and forward and Earth observation payloads. Still operational as of 2000. Additional Details: here....

• Fasat-Bravo - . Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: Chile. Agency: FACh. Manufacturer: Surrey. Program: Fasat. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-70. USAF Sat Cat: 25395 . COSPAR: 1998-043B. Apogee: 820 km (500 mi). Perigee: 815 km (506 mi). Inclination: 98.80 deg. Period: 101.30 min. Customer: Chilean Air Force (FACH). Chile's second satellite carrying store and forward and Earth observation payloads, replacing those lost on FASat-Alpha. Still operational as of 2000.. Additional Details: here....

• Gurwin Techsat 1B - . Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: Israel. Agency: RVSN. Manufacturer: Technion. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: Gurwin. USAF Sat Cat: 25397 . COSPAR: 1998-043D. Apogee: 819 km (508 mi). Perigee: 817 km (507 mi). Inclination: 98.80 deg. Period: 101.30 min. Built by Technion-Israel Institute of Technology. Replaced earlier Russian-launched Techsat which failed to orbit in 1995..

• WESTPAC - . Mass: 24 kg (52 lb). Nation: Australia. Agency: WPLTN. Manufacturer: EOS, RKA. Class: Earth. Type: Geodetic satellite. Spacecraft: GFZ-1. USAF Sat Cat: 25398 . COSPAR: 1998-043E. Apogee: 819 km (508 mi). Perigee: 815 km (506 mi). Inclination: 98.80 deg. Period: 101.20 min.

  Formerly known as WPLTN-1, this geodesy satellite was a copy of Potsdam's GFZ-1 satellite, a sphere covered with laser retroreflectors, with a different `Fizeau' corner cube design. It serves as a target for the Western Pacific Laser Tracking Network (WPLTN) and is a joint project of Electro Optic Systems of Queanbeyan, New South Wales, Australia, and the Russian Space Agency. Diameter is 0.24m.

• SAFIR-2 - . Mass: 60 kg (132 lb). Nation: Germany. Agency: DLR. Manufacturer: Bremen. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian store-dump communications satellite. Spacecraft: Safir satellite. USAF Sat Cat: 25399 . COSPAR: 1998-043F. Apogee: 819 km (508 mi). Perigee: 815 km (506 mi). Inclination: 98.80 deg. Period: 101.20 min. Relay satellite built by OHB System of Bremen..

• Cosmos 2360 - . Payload: Tselina-2 no. 22. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 25406 . COSPAR: 1998-045A. Apogee: 855 km (531 mi). Perigee: 847 km (526 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 102.00 min.

• Okean-O - . Payload: Okean-O no. 1. Mass: 4,360 kg (9,610 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Okean. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft: Okean-O. USAF Sat Cat: 25860 . COSPAR: 1999-039A. Apogee: 649 km (403 mi). Perigee: 648 km (402 mi). Inclination: 97.90 deg. Period: 97.70 min.

  First of a new generation of larger Okean oceanographic satellites, carried a side-looking radar (RSL-BO), and a set of visible and infrared scanners and radiometers. It is built by the Ukrainian Yuzhnoye company and is a joint project of the Russian Aviation/Space Agency (RAKA) and the Ukrainian National Space Agency (NKAU).

• Cosmos 2369 - . Mass: 3,200 kg (7,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 26069 . COSPAR: 2000-006A. Apogee: 860 km (534 mi). Perigee: 849 km (528 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 101.95 min. ELINT satellite..

• Cosmos 2372 - . Mass: 12,000 kg (26,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Kozlov bureau. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Orlets-2. Duration: 269.00 days. Decay Date: 2001-04-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 26538 . COSPAR: 2000-056A. Apogee: 343 km (213 mi). Perigee: 211 km (131 mi). Inclination: 64.78 deg. Period: 89.97 min. Reported code name Yenisey. It is speculated that this is an improved version of the Orlets satellite launched as Cosmos 2290 in 1994. Re-entered on Apr 20, 2001 after a 7 month mission..

• Meteor-3M - . Payload: Meteor 3M-N1. Mass: 2,500 kg (5,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: VNIIEM. Class: Earth. Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor. Spacecraft: Meteor-3M. USAF Sat Cat: 27001 . COSPAR: 2001-056A. Apogee: 1,014 km (630 mi). Perigee: 994 km (617 mi). Inclination: 99.20 deg. Period: 105.20 min.

  Meteorology satellite. Launch postponed from late 2000, then delayed from November 30. The Meteor-3M weather satellite carried visible and IR sensors as well as NASA's SAGE III instrument which studied aerosols and the ozone layer. This was the first launched of a modernised version of the spacecraft. Launch be Zenit launch vehicle from Baikonur rather than Tsyklon 3 from Plesetsk allowed the spacecraft to be 350 kg heavier, carrying additional sensors and various piggy-back payloads.

• Badr B - . Mass: 70 kg (154 lb). Nation: Pakistan. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: SIL. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft: Badr. USAF Sat Cat: 27003 . COSPAR: 2001-056C. Apogee: 1,014 km (630 mi). Perigee: 985 km (612 mi). Inclination: 99.20 deg. Period: 105.10 min. Badr B was Pakistan's second satellite. Built in collaboration with the English company SIL, it had a mass of 70 kg and carried an Earth imager..

• Kompas - . Mass: 80 kg (176 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Makeyev bureau. Class: Earth. Type: Seismology satellite. Spacecraft: Kompas. USAF Sat Cat: 27002 . COSPAR: 2001-056B. Apogee: 1,013 km (629 mi). Perigee: 985 km (612 mi). Inclination: 99.20 deg. Period: 105.10 min.

  The Russian Kompas satellite, built by Makeyev for the IZMIRAN geophysics institute, was an 80 kg satellite with a magnetometer and other sensors designed to attempt prediction of earthquakes. The satellite was originally built for use on the Shtil rocket.

• Maroc-Tubsat - . Mass: 45 kg (99 lb). Nation: Morocco. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: TuB. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: Tubsat. USAF Sat Cat: 27004 . COSPAR: 2001-056D. Apogee: 1,014 km (630 mi). Perigee: 985 km (612 mi). Inclination: 99.20 deg. Period: 105.10 min.

  Maroc-Tubsat was built by the Technical University of Berlin for the Centre Royal de Teledetection Spatiale, Morocco, and had a mass of 47 kg. It carried an imager and a store-forward communications test payload. The satellite measured 32x34x36,2 cm and was still in operation as of 2003.

• Reflektor - . Mass: 8.00 kg (17.60 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: NII KP. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: Reflektor. USAF Sat Cat: 27005 . COSPAR: 2001-056E. Apogee: 1,012 km (628 mi). Perigee: 985 km (612 mi). Inclination: 99.20 deg. Period: 105.10 min.

  The 8 kg Reflektor was built by NII KP in Russia for space debris studies in a joint experiment with the Air Force Research Lab. The satellite consisted of of four triangular fins on a square base plus a deployable boom, with an array of laser retroreflectors. The satellite was 1.4 m long and 0.5 m wide but only 6 kg in mass. It will be used to calibrate laser imaging systems and other optical sensors.

• Cosmos 2406 - . Mass: 3,200 kg (7,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: VKA. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. USAF Sat Cat: 28352 . COSPAR: 2004-021A. Apogee: 866 km (538 mi). Perigee: 846 km (525 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 102.10 min. Delayed from February 17 and 18; March 17 and 31; April 6, 25 and 26..