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Yuzhnoye
Ukrainian manufacturer of rockets, spacecraft, and rocket engines, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine.

AKA: KB Yuzhnoye (1965);NPO Yuzhnoye;OKB-586. Location: Dnepropetrovsk.

Facing continued opposition from Korolev on development of storable propellant rockets, missile tsar Ustinov decided to create a new design bureau at Dnepropetrovsk, and to put Yangel in charge of it. The enabling decrees were issued in April-July 1954. Yangel moved to the Ukraine and began development of the R-12 IRBM in earnest. The R-12 was the first Soviet ballistic missile to be militarily useful and the first to be put into mass production.

The success of the R-12 and the willingness of Yangel to listen to the needs of the military led to follow-on mass production orders for the R-14 IRBM and the R-16 and R-36 ICBM's. The R-16 finally provided the Soviet Union with a missile to counter the Atlas and Titan rockets being deployed in the hundreds by the United States.

By this time the space age was under way and despite the press of missile work, Yangel managed to carve a niche for himself by being assigned responsibility for development of the lightweight Cosmos 63S1 launcher (using the R-12 as a first stage) and its accompanying DS (Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik) satellites. These began flying just fourteen months after go-ahead. 185 were launched and performed a range of scientific, technological, and military missions. Reshetnev used the R-14 IRBM for the Kosmos-3 launcher, which remained in use into the next millennium.

Yuzhnoye's attempts to get a bigger role in the space program were less successful. The proposed R-56 space launcher was not approved for development. In 1965 OKB-586 was renamed the Yuzhnoye ("Southern") Design Bureau.

Like Korolev, Yangel was pushed into the rocket engine development business when Glushko refused to provide the small steering engines needed to guide missiles powered by Glushko's fixed main engines. This developed into a new sideline for the bureau, small thrusters for satellite and maneuvering warhead bus applications. As a result Yangel agreed to develop the critical rocket stage of the LK lunar lander that would have landed a cosmonaut on the moon. Yangel died in 1971 soon after completion of three flawless unmanned LK flights, content that he had done his part for the program. His deputy, Utkin, succeeded him.

The organization continued to be the sole supplier of heavy ICBM's to the Soviet Union. They were tasked with developing the new-generation booster stages for the Zenit and Energia launch vehicles in 1976. They developed new medium-class satellite buses for second and third generation Soviet satellites. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the Yuzhnoye factory wound up in the independent country of the Ukraine. Utkin returned to Russia and was replaced by Konyukhov. The Zenit went on to successful international commercial use by the Sea Launch consortium, providing the major source of foreign revenue for the country. The manager of the Yuzhnoye factory that built the missiles, Leonid Kuchma, later became the President of the Ukraine.



People: Yangel, Utkin, Konyukhov. Country: Ukraine. Engines: RD-852, RD-869, RD-802, RD-809, D50, MR-UR-100 BR, RD-293, RD-68, RD-68M, RD-69, RD-69M, RD-8, RD-851, RD-853, RD-854, RD-855, RD-856, RD-857, RD-858, RD-859, RD-860, RD-861, RD-861G, RD-861K, RD-862, RD-863, RD-864, RD-866, RD-868. Spacecraft: DS-1, DS-2, DS-P1, DS-K-8, DS-A1, DS-MT, DS-U4-T, DS-MG, DS-P1-Yu, DS-U2-V, DS-U2-M, DS-K-40, DS-U5, DS-U4-B, DS-P1-I, DS-U1-G, DS-U2-I, DS-U2-MP, DS-U2-D, DS-MO, DS-U3-S, Tselina-O, DS-U1-Ya, DS-U1-A, DS-U2-GK, DS-U2-GF, DS-U3-IK, DS-U1-IK, DS-U2-MG, DS-U1-R, DS-U2-IK, DS-U2-IP, Tselina-D, DS-P1-M, Tselina-OM, DS-U2-K, DS-U2-MT, DS-U2-GKA, Taifun-1, Taifun-2, AUOS, GVM DS-U2-IK, Okean-E, Taifun-1Yu, Resurs-O2, IK-B-1300, Nadezhda, Okean-OE, Tselina-2, Okean-O1, Tselina-3, US-PU, Okean-O, MS-1. Launch Vehicles: Kosmos 2, R-12, R-15, R-12U, R-14, Kosmos 63S1, R-16, R-56, Tselina-2 ICBM, R-16U, R-56 Polyblock, R-56 Polyblock ICBM, 8K94, R-38, SK-100, 64S5, R-26, R-36 8K67, Kosmos 11K63, Tsiklon, R-36O 8K69, Kosmos 63S1M, R-46, Tsiklon-2, RT-20P, Tsiklon-2A, R-36 8K67M, R-36 8K67P, Tsiklon-3, R-36O 8K69M, R-36M 15A14, MR-UR-100, R-36 8K67MA, R-36 8K67PM, MR-UR-100U 15A16, R-36MU 15A18, Perimetr 15A11, RT-23, RT-23 15Zh44, RT-23U 15Zh60, RT-23 15Zh52, RT-23U 15Zh61, R-36M2 15A18M, Ikar, Koltso ICBM, Kopye-R, RSS-40, Universal, Zenit-2, Zenit-2 11K77.05, Zenit-3SL, Dnepr, Mayak, Tsiklon-4, Zenit-2M, Zenit-3SLB. Projects: Intercosmos, Okean, Tselina. Stages: RT-23-3, 15D305, 15D339, MR-UR-100 St 1, MR-UR-100-3, Perimetr Stage 1, 15D169, 15D206, R-36M-1, R-36M-2, RD-127.

1976 June 19 - . 16:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC132/1. LV Family: R-14. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
1977 March 29 - . 23:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC132/2. LV Family: R-14. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
1977 September 24 - . 16:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC132/1. LV Family: R-14. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
1978 October 24 - . 19:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC132/1. LV Family: R-14. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
1979 February 27 - . 17:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC132/2. LV Family: R-14. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
1979 November 1 - . 08:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC132/2. LV Family: R-14. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
1981 February 6 - . 08:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC132/1. LV Family: R-14. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
1981 September 21 - . 13:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC32/1. LV Family: R-36. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon-3.
1986 December 18 - . 08:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC32. Launch Pad: LC32/2. LV Family: R-36. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon-3.
1989 September 28 - . 00:04 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC32/2. LV Family: R-36. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon-3.
1991 December 18 - . 03:54 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC32/2. LV Family: R-36. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon-3.
1994 March 2 - . 03:25 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-36. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon-3.
1998 July 28 - . 09:15 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC45/1. LV Family: Zenit. Launch Vehicle: Zenit-2.
1999 July 17 - . 06:38 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC45/1. LV Family: Zenit. Launch Vehicle: Zenit-2.
2000 February 3 - . 09:26 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC45/1. LV Family: Zenit. Launch Vehicle: Zenit-2.
2001 July 31 - . 08:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC32/2. LV Family: R-36. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon-3.
2004 June 10 - . 01:28 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC45/1. LV Family: Zenit. Launch Vehicle: Zenit-2.
2004 December 24 - . 11:20 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC32/2. LV Family: R-36. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon-3. FAILURE: Launch vehicle control system failure during third stage apogee kick burn..
2007 April 17 - . 06:46 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC109. Launch Pad: LC109/95. LV Family: R-36M. Launch Vehicle: Dnepr.
2007 June 29 - . 10:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC45/1. LV Family: Zenit. Launch Vehicle: Zenit-2M.
2009 January 30 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC32/2. LV Family: R-36. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon-3.

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