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AUOS

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AUOS
AUOS model exhibited at Ukraine Pavilion, Hannover Expo 2000.
Credit: © Mark Wade

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AKA: Koronas;Oreol-3. Status: Operational 1976. First Launch: 1976-06-19. Last Launch: 2009-01-30. Number: 14 . Gross mass: 1,100 kg (2,400 lb).

Primarily used on international Interkosmos and Aureole flights.

By the early 1970s' study of the interrelationship between the sun and the earth's magnetosphere, atmosphere, and surface were seen as the leading contemporary scientific issues. The existing Yuzhnoye DS-U bus, used for Soviet earth-orbit scientific missions, was of too small a size and limited a lifespan to be used for the planned new missions. Analysis by the Yuzhnoye Design Office in 1971 showed that the anticipated spacecraft missions could be divided into three groups. All the missions could be undertaken by a single multi-purpose spacecraft with common data acquisition, storage, and transmission avionics. This Automated Universal Orbital Station (AUOS) concept was based on the success of Yuzhnoye's DS-U. The AUOS bus could accommodate 400 to 600 kg of scientific payload and provide it with a daily average power of 50 W. Attitude control accuracy, number of commands, and data link characteristics were improved over the DS-U.

Authorization to proceed with development was issued by the Soviet Council of Ministers in 1972. V F Utkin at KB Yuzhnoye led the design team and the spacecraft were built at the Southern Machinery Factory. All specifications, development, and quality assurance for the project were handled by the military. The initial series of AUOS spacecraft were launched from 1976-1981 from Plesetsk by the Kosmos 11K65M booster. Thereafter the more capable Tsyklon 3 was used from the same cosmodrome, allowing higher scientific payload masses and higher orbits. Two main AUOS variants were developed:

• AUOS-Z, the Earth-oriented variant. AUOS-Z was suited for missions that would study space; the physical impact of solar activity on the earth's surface, atmosphere, and magnetosphere; geophysical phenomena; and earth resources missions. It required only minimum changes in the structure and configuration of the on-board equipment when switching from application to another one. Development of specialized configurations for the AUOS-Z bus started in 1973. Eleven spacecraft based on the AUOS-Z platform were developed, manufactured and launched in 1973-1991. Nine of these spacecraft were launched under international cooperation programs.

• AUOS-SM, the sun-oriented variant. AUOS-SM was aimed at comprehensive study of the Sun under the Koronas-I, Koronas-F and Photon Projects. These included study of the physical processes that take place at energy liberation or transfer in different regions of the active Sun. A practical goal was the development of a permanent solar activity forecasting service. Development of specialized configurations for the AUOS-SM bus started in 1987. Two were launched in 1994 and 2001.

Taifun-2 Ukrainian military target satellite. In 1969 KB Yuzhnoye introduced targets for exercise and test of PVO air defense and space tracking systems. Radar calibration satellite built by Yuzhnoye, Russia. Launched 1976 - 1995. Used AUOS-3 bus.

Photo Gallery

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AUOS-S-M-KI Credit: Yuzhnoye

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AUOS AUOS-Z Credit: Ukrainian Space Agency

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AUOS-Z-AP-IK Credit: Yuzhnoye

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Sich Credit: Ukrainian Space Agency

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Coronas-F Credit: NPO PM

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AUOS-Z-AV-IK Credit: Yuzhnoye

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Sich Credit: Ukrainian Space Agency

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AUOS-Z-I-E Credit: Yuzhnoye

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Sich-1 Credit: Ukrainian Space Agency

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AUOS-Z-I-IK Credit: Yuzhnoye

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AUOS-Z-M-A-IK Credit: Yuzhnoye

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AUOS-Z-M-IK Credit: Yuzhnoye

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AUOSZ-R-E-IK Credit: Yuzhnoye

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AUOS-Z-R-O Credit: Yuzhnoye

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AUOS-Z-R-P-IK Credit: Yuzhnoye

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AUOS-Z-T-IK Credit: Yuzhnoye

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Oreol-3 Spacecraft using AUOS bus are similar Credit: NASA

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Cosmos 1809 Credit: Manufacturer Image

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Intercosmos 15 Credit: Manufacturer Image

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Intercosmos 17 Credit: Manufacturer Image

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Intercosmos 18 Credit: Manufacturer Image

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Intercosmos 19 Credit: Manufacturer Image

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Intercosmos 20 Credit: Manufacturer Image

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Intercosmos 24 Credit: Manufacturer Image

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Intercosmos 25 Credit: Manufacturer Image

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Oval Credit: Manufacturer Image

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Koronas-F Credit: Manufacturer Image

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Intercosmos 26 Credit: Manufacturer Image

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Oreol-3 Credit: Ukrainian Space Agency

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Oreol-3 Credit: Ukrainian Space Agency

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Koronas-Foton Credit: Manufacturer Image

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Oreol 3 Credit: Manufacturer Image

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Taifun-3 ? Credit: Manufacturer Image

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• Taifun-2 development approved. - . Nation: Russia. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decree 'On the Development of an Adjustment Complex with the Taifun-2' Artificial Satellite--approval of work on the Taifun-2 system' was issued..

• AUOS satellite development approved. - . Nation: Russia. Spacecraft: AUOS. Ministry of General Machine Building (MOM) Decree 'On the Creation of Automatic Universal Orbital Stations (AUOS)-on approval of work on the AUOS satellite bus' was issued..

• Cosmos 816 - . Mass: 950 kg (2,090 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1979-11-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 8812 . COSPAR: 1976-037A. Apogee: 566 km (351 mi). Perigee: 453 km (281 mi). Inclination: 65.90 deg. Period: 94.80 min. Released 24 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Intercosmos 15 - . Payload: AUOS-Z-T-IK. Mass: 550 kg (1,210 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: IK. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Completed Operations Date: 1976-07-26 . Decay Date: 1979-11-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 8903 . COSPAR: 1976-056A. Apogee: 520 km (320 mi). Perigee: 481 km (298 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 94.60 min. Testing of new systems and components of satellite under space flight conditions. .

• Cosmos 885 - . Mass: 900 kg (1,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1979-10-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 9615 . COSPAR: 1976-124A. Apogee: 520 km (320 mi). Perigee: 433 km (269 mi). Inclination: 65.90 deg. Period: 94.10 min. Released 18 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Cosmos 900 - . Payload: AUOS-Z-R-O Oval. Mass: 900 kg (1,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Decay Date: 1979-10-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 9898 . COSPAR: 1977-023A. Apogee: 522 km (324 mi). Perigee: 457 km (283 mi). Inclination: 83.00 deg. Period: 94.40 min. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. .

• Cosmos 906 - . Mass: 550 kg (1,210 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1980-03-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 9938 . COSPAR: 1977-031A. Apogee: 515 km (320 mi). Perigee: 464 km (288 mi). Inclination: 50.60 deg. Period: 94.40 min. Released 1 Romb radar calibration subsatellite. Possible partially failed spacecraft bus..

• Cosmos 913 - . Mass: 550 kg (1,210 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1979-12-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 10028 . COSPAR: 1977-042A. Apogee: 520 km (320 mi). Perigee: 474 km (294 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 94.50 min. Released 21 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Intercosmos 17 - . Payload: AUOS-Z-R-E-IK. Mass: 550 kg (1,210 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: IK. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Completed Operations Date: 1979-01-16 . Decay Date: 1979-11-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 10376 . COSPAR: 1977-096A. Apogee: 514 km (319 mi). Perigee: 466 km (289 mi). Inclination: 83.00 deg. Period: 94.40 min. Investigation of energetic charged and neutral particles and micrometeorite fluxes in circumterrestrial space. .

• Cosmos 965 - . Mass: 550 kg (1,210 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1979-12-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 10501 . COSPAR: 1977-111A. Apogee: 516 km (320 mi). Perigee: 465 km (288 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 94.40 min. Released 24 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Intercosmos 18 - . Payload: AUOS-Z-M-IK. Mass: 1,050 kg (2,310 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: IK. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Completed Operations Date: 1981-03-18 . Decay Date: 1981-03-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 11082 . COSPAR: 1978-099A. Apogee: 757 km (470 mi). Perigee: 403 km (250 mi). Inclination: 83.00 deg. Period: 96.30 min.

  Conduct of complex investigations on the interaction between the magnetosphere and ionosphere of the earth. Launched under the Intercosmos programme by the USSR in cooperation with the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the German Democratic Republic, the H ungarian People's Republic, the Polish People's Republic and the Socialist Republic of Romania. On 14 Nov 1978, Magion, a small Czechoslovak scientific satellite, separated from object 1296.

• Cosmos 1065 - . Mass: 1,170 kg (2,570 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1979-08-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 11163 . COSPAR: 1978-120A. Apogee: 544 km (338 mi). Perigee: 348 km (216 mi). Inclination: 50.60 deg. Period: 93.50 min. Radar calibration. Released 7 Romb radar calibration subsatellites. Possible partially failed spacecraft bus..

• Intercosmos 19 - . Payload: AUOS-Z-I-IK. Mass: 1,015 kg (2,237 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: IK. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Completed Operations Date: 1982-04-27 . Decay Date: 2002-09-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 11285 . COSPAR: 1979-020A. Apogee: 711 km (441 mi). Perigee: 452 km (280 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 96.30 min.

  Comprehensive investigations of the structure of the earth's ionosphere, the characteristics of wave processes and the propagation of radio waves in the ionospheric plasma. Launched under the Intercosmos programme by the USSR in cooperation with the Peopl e's Republic of Bulgaria, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the Hungarian People's Republic and the Polish People's Republic. Additional Details: here....

• Cosmos 1112 - . Mass: 1,190 kg (2,620 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1980-01-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 11443 . COSPAR: 1979-063A. Apogee: 541 km (336 mi). Perigee: 357 km (221 mi). Inclination: 50.60 deg. Period: 93.50 min. Radar calibration. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Intercosmos 20 - . Payload: AUOS-Z-R-P-IK. Mass: 1,100 kg (2,400 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: IK. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Completed Operations Date: 1980-12-11 . Decay Date: 1981-03-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 11609 . COSPAR: 1979-096A. Apogee: 519 km (322 mi). Perigee: 462 km (287 mi). Inclination: 74.10 deg. Period: 94.40 min.

  Testing of methods for comprehensive study of the oceans and the surface of the earth, and testing of automatic gathering of scientific information from experimental sea and land stations. Launched under the INTERCOSMOS programme by the Soviet Union toget her with the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the German Democratic Republic, the Hungarian People's Republic and the Socialist Republic of Romania.

• Cosmos 1186 - . Mass: 900 kg (1,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1982-01-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 11829 . COSPAR: 1980-047A. Apogee: 414 km (257 mi). Perigee: 388 km (241 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 92.60 min. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Cosmos 1204 - . Mass: 900 kg (1,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1981-02-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 11917 . COSPAR: 1980-067A. Apogee: 546 km (339 mi). Perigee: 349 km (216 mi). Inclination: 50.70 deg. Period: 93.50 min. Radar calibration. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Intercosmos 21 - . Payload: AUOS-Z-R-P-IK. Mass: 550 kg (1,210 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: IK. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Completed Operations Date: 1982-06-02 . Decay Date: 1982-07-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 12162 . COSPAR: 1981-011A. Apogee: 506 km (314 mi). Perigee: 469 km (291 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 94.40 min.

  Oceanographic, terrestrial studies. Development of methods for comprehensive study of the oceans and the surface of the earth, and testing of the experimental system of automatic gathering of scientific information from sea and land stations. Launched under the INTERCOSMOS programme by the USSR together with the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the German Democratic Republic, the Hungarian People's Republic and the Socialist Republic of Romania.

• Oreol 3 - . Payload: AUOS-Z M-A-IK s/n 401. Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Nation: France. Agency: RVSN. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. USAF Sat Cat: 12848 . COSPAR: 1981-094A. Apogee: 1,672 km (1,038 mi). Perigee: 394 km (244 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 105.80 min.

  Carried Soviet/French magnetosphere and ionosphere experiments. Investigation of physical processes in the earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere, and study of the nature of polar aurorae. Carried scientific equipment developed by Soviet and French specialists under the joint Soviet-French project 'Arkad-3'.

• Cosmos 1311 - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1983-08-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 12871 . COSPAR: 1981-097A. Apogee: 513 km (318 mi). Perigee: 462 km (287 mi). Inclination: 82.90 deg. Period: 94.30 min. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Cosmos 1335 - . Mass: 550 kg (1,210 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1987-04-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 13042 . COSPAR: 1982-007A. Apogee: 513 km (318 mi). Perigee: 476 km (295 mi). Inclination: 74.10 deg. Period: 94.50 min. Radar calibration; replaced Cosmos 1186. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Romb - . Nation: Russia. Agency: UNKS. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Cosmos 1351 - . Mass: 550 kg (1,210 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1983-03-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 13142 . COSPAR: 1982-034A. Apogee: 548 km (340 mi). Perigee: 348 km (216 mi). Inclination: 50.70 deg. Period: 93.60 min. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Cosmos 1397 - . Mass: 550 kg (1,210 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1983-05-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 13394 . COSPAR: 1982-076A. Apogee: 539 km (334 mi). Perigee: 343 km (213 mi). Inclination: 50.70 deg. Period: 93.40 min. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Romb - . Nation: Russia. Agency: UNKS. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Carried Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Cosmos 1453 - . Mass: 550 kg (1,210 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1989-05-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 14006 . COSPAR: 1983-034A. Apogee: 466 km (289 mi). Perigee: 434 km (269 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 93.60 min. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Cosmos 1465 - . Mass: 550 kg (1,210 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1985-01-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 14087 . COSPAR: 1983-049A. Apogee: 541 km (336 mi). Perigee: 349 km (216 mi). Inclination: 50.70 deg. Period: 93.50 min. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Cosmos 1494 - . Mass: 550 kg (1,210 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1985-09-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 14316 . COSPAR: 1983-091A. Apogee: 413 km (256 mi). Perigee: 309 km (192 mi). Inclination: 50.70 deg. Period: 91.80 min. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Cosmos 1501 - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1989-05-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 14380 . COSPAR: 1983-101A. Apogee: 472 km (293 mi). Perigee: 437 km (271 mi). Inclination: 82.90 deg. Period: 93.70 min. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Cosmos 1601 - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1989-11-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 15326 . COSPAR: 1984-104A. Apogee: 414 km (257 mi). Perigee: 387 km (240 mi). Inclination: 65.80 deg. Period: 92.60 min. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Cosmos 1662 - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1989-11-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 15833 . COSPAR: 1985-050A. Apogee: 410 km (250 mi). Perigee: 386 km (239 mi). Inclination: 65.80 deg. Period: 92.50 min. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Cosmos 1688 - . Mass: 550 kg (1,210 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1988-07-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 16107 . COSPAR: 1985-089A. Apogee: 434 km (269 mi). Perigee: 320 km (190 mi). Inclination: 50.70 deg. Period: 92.10 min. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Cosmos 1776 - . Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1989-12-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 16928 . COSPAR: 1986-067A. Apogee: 417 km (259 mi). Perigee: 403 km (250 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 92.80 min. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Cosmos 1809 - . Payload: AUOS-Z Ionozond-E s/n 501. Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. USAF Sat Cat: 17241 . COSPAR: 1986-101A. Apogee: 961 km (597 mi). Perigee: 941 km (584 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 104.10 min. Development of research apparatus and methods of remote sensing and monitoring of the Earth's ionosphere, and also study of the propagation of radio waves in the ionosphere. .

• Cosmos 1815 - . Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1988-11-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 17326 . COSPAR: 1987-007A. Apogee: 507 km (315 mi). Perigee: 336 km (208 mi). Inclination: 50.70 deg. Period: 93.00 min. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Cosmos 1960 - . Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1990-04-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 19338 . COSPAR: 1988-065A. Apogee: 379 km (235 mi). Perigee: 369 km (229 mi). Inclination: 65.80 deg. Period: 92.00 min. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Cosmos 2002 - . Mass: 500 kg (1,100 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1989-10-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 19800 . COSPAR: 1989-012A. Apogee: 1,525 km (947 mi). Perigee: 179 km (111 mi). Inclination: 65.80 deg. Period: 102.00 min. Released 10 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Intercosmos 24 - . Payload: AUOS-Z-AV-IK s/n 201. Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Completed Operations Date: 1995-10-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 20261 . COSPAR: 1989-080A. Apogee: 2,414 km (1,499 mi). Perigee: 499 km (310 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 115.00 min.

  US participation; particles and fields experiments; deployed Magion 2. Comprehensive study of the processes of propagation of low-frequency electromagnetic waves in the earth's magnetosphere and their interaction with charged particles of the radiation belts, in cooperation with Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German Democrati c Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania (the international scientific project entitled 'Aktivny'). Carrying the Czechoslovak Magion-2 satellite.

• Cosmos 2059 - . Mass: 500 kg (1,100 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1990-11-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 20476 . COSPAR: 1990-012A. Apogee: 1,585 km (984 mi). Perigee: 184 km (114 mi). Inclination: 65.80 deg. Period: 102.70 min. Released 10 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Cosmos 2075 - . Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 1992-02-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 20581 . COSPAR: 1990-038A. Apogee: 439 km (272 mi). Perigee: 418 km (259 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 93.20 min. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Cosmos 2106 - . Payload: Tselina-D no. 69. Mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 2000-04-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 20966 . COSPAR: 1990-104A. Apogee: 469 km (291 mi). Perigee: 458 km (284 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 93.90 min. Released 27 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Romb - . Nation: Russia. Agency: UNKS. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites..

• Intercosmos 25 - . Payload: AUOS-Z APEKS-IK s/n 301. Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. USAF Sat Cat: 21819 . COSPAR: 1991-086A. Apogee: 2,969 km (1,844 mi). Perigee: 436 km (270 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 120.50 min.

  Solar activity monitoring; hosted experiments from Germany, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary. Comprehensive study of the effects of artificial impact of modulated electron flows and plasma beams on the ionosphere and magnetosphere of the Earth (forming part of the Apex international scientific project, conducted jointly with Bulgaria, Czechoslovak ia, Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania.) Launched with the Czechoslovak satellite Magion-3, separated from the space object Intercosmos-25 on 28 Dec 1991, in accordance with the scientific programme of the Apex project.

• Intercosmos 26 - . Payload: AUOS-SM-KI-IK. Mass: 2,160 kg (4,760 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Decay Date: 2001-03-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 23019 . COSPAR: 1994-014A. Apogee: 541 km (336 mi). Perigee: 501 km (311 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 94.70 min.

  Solar and space physics. Conduct of comprehensive investigations of the sun under the Koronas-I international project developed by Russian and Ukranian experimts in cooperation with specialists from Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Bulgaria, France, and the United Kingdom.

• Cosmos 2306 - . Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft Bus: AUOS. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Decay Date: 2000-10-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 23501 . COSPAR: 1995-008A. Apogee: 513 km (318 mi). Perigee: 466 km (289 mi). Inclination: 65.80 deg. Period: 94.20 min. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites. Reentered on October 30, 2000..

• Koronas-F - . Payload: AUOS-SM-KF. Mass: 2,260 kg (4,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Class: Astronomy. Type: Solar satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Decay Date: 2005-12-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 26873 . COSPAR: 2001-032A. Apogee: 529 km (328 mi). Perigee: 486 km (301 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg.

  Launch delayed from July 25. Koronas-F was a Russian solar observatory that pointed toward Sun within 10 arc-minutes to conduct a variety of observations. In broad categories, it carried X-ray monitors to locate sources within 1 arc-sec, radio receivers to measure flux and polarization, and particle counters. Additional Details: here....

• Koronas-Foton - . Payload: AUOS-SM-KF. Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Class: Astronomy. Type: Solar satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. USAF Sat Cat: 33504 . COSPAR: 2009-003A. Apogee: 561 km (348 mi). Perigee: 539 km (334 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 95.70 min.

  Carried ten instruments to study in the sun throughout the electromagnetic spectrum, primarily Russian: Natalya-2M spectrometer; RT-2 gamma-telescope (India); Pingvin-M polarimeter; Konus-RF x-ray and gamma spectrometer; BRM x-ray detector; FOKA UV-detector; TESIS telescope/spectrometer with SphinX soft X-ray spectrophotometer (Poland); Electron-M-Peska charged particles analyser; STEP-F Electron and proton detector(Ukraine); SM-8M magnetometer. Follow-up to 2001 Koronas-F launch.