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R-16U
 R-16 Credit: Ukrainian Space Agency |
AKA: 8K64U;Saddler;Sheksna-V;SS-7 Mod.2. Status: Retired 1976. First Launch: 1961-10-09. Last Launch: 1976-01-01. Number: 361 . Thrust: 2,610.00 kN (586,750 lbf). Gross mass: 146,600 kg (323,100 lb). Height: 34.30 m (112.50 ft). Diameter: 3.00 m (9.80 ft). Span: 3.00 m (9.80 ft). Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
Development of the R-16U universal version of the missile, for either pad or silo launch, and the 8P764 launch silo, was begun in March 1960. The silo was designed by KBTM Leningrad, the first missile silo handled by this design bureau. Modifications to the missile for silo launch included the use of inert nitrogen gas propellant tank pressurization and modifications to the vernier steering engines of the first stage. Test launches of the R-16U began in February 1962 from an open launch pad. The first silo, 'Object 310', was built at LC-60 at Baikonur with the first launch on 13 June 1962. On this launch the missile cleared the silo, but failed to guide in flight. There were several more failures until a solution was found, a heat-resistant fabric cover to protect the verniers from the hot gases during silo launch. The 8S81U and 8S81UFS first and second stages of the missile used the same engines as the basic R-16, but the first stage engines were tweaked to provide 2% greater thrust on lift-off.
Four variant silo designs were studied, the draft projects for them being completed in Mach 1960, October 1960, and the final one in March 1961. The selected 'Sheksna-V' complex consisted of three silos, a common propellant storage bunker, and a hardened command bunker with its own electrical generator for sustained autonomous operation. The first R-16U silo regiment became operational at Nizhniy Tagil on 5 February 1963. The Third Rocket Division was activated at Plesetsk on 30 March 1963 at LC-9, LC-10, and LC-11 at Plesetsk, In May 1963 the salvo launch of three R-16U's was demonstrated. The R-16U and its silo complex were officially accepted by the military on 15 July 1963. R-16U's also took part in the massive Operation Groza, with the R-16U being the first Soviet ICBM launched from a silo during such an exercise on 8 October 1963.
The R-16U was deployed to Bershet, Nizhniy Tagil, Bologoye, Itatka, Yoshkar-Ola, Novosibirsk, Shadrinsk, and Yurya. The missile was accepted for military service on 15 July 1963 and last finally withdrawn from service under the SALT-1 treaty in 1978.
Maximum range: 13,000 km (8,000 mi).
Family: ICBM. Country: Ukraine. Launch Sites: Baikonur, Plesetsk, Baikonur LC41/3, Baikonur LC41/4, Baikonur LC60/8, Baikonur LC60/6, Baikonur LC60/7, Baikonur LC41/15, Plesetsk PU11. Stages: R-16-1, R-16-2. Agency: Yuzhnoye.
1961 October 9 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1961 October 11 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U. FAILURE: Failure.
1961 October 15 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. Launch Pad: LC41/pad?. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1961 October 22 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. Launch Pad: LC41/pad?. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1961 October 28 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. Launch Pad: LC41/pad?. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 January 4 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 January 13 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 January 16 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 January 17 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 January 25 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 March 3 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 June 1 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 June 7 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 July 13 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/8. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U. FAILURE: Failure.
1962 July 21 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 July 31 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/8. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 August 8 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 September 27 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 October 5 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 October 5 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/8. Launch Pad: LC60/8?. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 October 11 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 October 11 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 October 16 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/8. Launch Pad: LC60/8?. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 October 17 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 November 3 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 November 22 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 November 24 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 November 25 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U. FAILURE: Failure.
1962 December 12 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 December 13 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1962 December 17 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 March 4 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 March 30 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 April 26 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 May 18 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/7. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U. FAILURE: Failure.
1963 May 18 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/8. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 May 18 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/6. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 May 25 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/15. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 June 1 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/15. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U. FAILURE: Failure.
1963 June 21 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/15. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U. FAILURE: Failure.
1963 June 28 - . Launch Site: Teikovo. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 June 28 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/15. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 June 30 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/7. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 July 8 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/15. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 July 9 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/15. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 July 27 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/15. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 August 13 - . 04:59 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/15. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 August 20 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/8. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 August 30 - . Launch Site: Teikovo. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 August 30 - . 06:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 September 4 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 September 10 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 September 26 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 October 1 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 October 22 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk PU11. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 October 23 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 November 22 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 November 23 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 December 12 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1963 December 20 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 February 2 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/8. Launch Pad: LC60/8?. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 February 6 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 February 26 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U. FAILURE: Failure.
1964 March 3 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 March 4 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. Launch Pad: LC41/4?. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 March 25 - . Launch Site: Teikovo. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 April 15 - . Launch Site: Nizhniy Tagil. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 May 30 - . Launch Site: Gladkaya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 May 30 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 June 7 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 July 1 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 July 21 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 July 31 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 August 9 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 September 10 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 September 25 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/8. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
- UBP Kedr operational test launch - . Nation: Russia. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,210 km (750 mi). Demonstration launch witnessed by Khrushchev..
1964 September 27 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 September 29 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/6. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 October 11 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 October 11 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 Nov - . Launch Site: Teikovo. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 December 18 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1964 December 26 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 February 26 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 Mar - . Launch Site: Yurya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 March 10 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 March 30 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 April 12 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/6. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 April 26 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 April 28 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U. FAILURE: Failure.
1965 May 22 - . 06:29 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 May 28 - . 02:23 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/6. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 June 29 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/7. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U. FAILURE: Failure.
1965 July 21 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/6. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 August 31 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/8. Launch Pad: LC60/8?. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 September 18 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 September 25 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 September 30 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. Launch Pad: LC41/4?. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 November 4 - . Launch Site: Teikovo. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 November 4 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. Launch Pad: LC41/3?. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 November 12 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 December 1 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 December 1 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 Dec - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 December 20 - . Launch Site: Teikovo. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 December 23 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. Launch Pad: LC41/4?. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 December 25 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. Launch Pad: LC41/3?. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1965 December 26 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 January 31 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 March 17 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/7. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 March 24 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 March 29 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 March 30 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 April 12 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 April 18 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 April 26 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 May 21 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U. FAILURE: Failure.
1966 June 4 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. Launch Pad: LC41/3?. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 June 8 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. Launch Pad: LC41/3?. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 June 25 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/7. Launch Pad: LC60/7?. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 June 26 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/7. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 July 2 - . Launch Site: Teikovo. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 July 2 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/8. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 July 25 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 August 9 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/8. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 August 25 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. Launch Pad: LC41/3?. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 September 22 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U. FAILURE: Failure.
1966 September 26 - . Launch Site: Teikovo. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 September 27 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 October 1 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 October 20 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/8. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 October 22 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/6. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 October 28 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 November 1 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 November 4 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 November 17 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 November 24 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 November 26 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 December 3 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 December 8 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/7. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 December 9 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1966 December 23 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U. FAILURE: Failure.
1966 December 24 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967? - . Launch Site: Gladkaya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 February 22 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 March 4 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. Launch Pad: LC41/3?. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 March 22 - . Launch Site: Nizhniy Tagil. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 March 31 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 April 22 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 May 24 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 May 26 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 June 22 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 July 3 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 July 11 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 July 15 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U. FAILURE: Failure.
1967 July 20 - . Launch Site: Nizhniy Tagil. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 July 27 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 August 8 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 August 30 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U. FAILURE: Failure.
1967 October 2 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 October 3 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC60/7. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 October 9 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 October 13 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 October 26 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 October 27 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 December 3 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 December 9 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 December 12 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U. FAILURE: Failure.
1967 December 22 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/3. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1967 December 27 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC41/4. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U. FAILURE: Failure.
1968 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968? - . Launch Site: Gladkaya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968? - . Launch Site: Gladkaya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968? - . Launch Site: Gladkaya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 January 19 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 April 16 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 May 25 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 June 30 - . Launch Site: Nizhniy Tagil. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 July 16 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U. FAILURE: Failure.
1968 August 13 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1968 December 20 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969? - . Launch Site: Gladkaya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 January 18 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 March 27 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 June 12 - . Launch Site: Nizhniy Tagil. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 August 31 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 September 2 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 October 28 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1969 November 24 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 March 27 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1970 June 25 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1971 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1971 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1971 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1971 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1971 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1971 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1971 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1971 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1971 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1971 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1971 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1971 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1971 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1971 February 3 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1971 June 29 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1971 July 15 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1971 August 16 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1971 August 25 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 - . Launch Site: Baikonur. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 January 20 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 March 23 - . Launch Site: Gladkaya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 March 23 - . Launch Site: Gladkaya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 April 18 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 June 29 - . Launch Site: Yurya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1972 August 17 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1973 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1973 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1973 April 25 - . Launch Site: Yurya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1973 May 29 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1973 October 30 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1974 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1974 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1975? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1975? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1975? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1975? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1975? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1975? - . Launch Site: Drovyanaya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1975? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1975? - . Launch Site: Drovyanaya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1975? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1975? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1975? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1975? - . Launch Site: Drovyanaya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1975? - . Launch Site: Drovyanaya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1975? - . Launch Site: Drovyanaya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1975? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1975 July 2 - . Launch Site: Nizhniy Tagil. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1975 July 23 - . Launch Site: Yurya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1975 August 27 - . Launch Site: Nizhniy Tagil. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1975 August 27 - . Launch Site: Nizhniy Tagil. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1976? - . Launch Site: Drovyanaya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1976? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1976? - . Launch Site: Drovyanaya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1976? - . Launch Site: Drovyanaya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1976? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1976? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1976? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1976? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1976? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1976? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1976? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1976? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1976? - . Launch Site: Drovyanaya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1976? - . Launch Site: Drovyanaya. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
1976? - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. LV Family: R-16. Launch Vehicle: R-16U.
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