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Gorizont
Part of KAUR-3
Gorizont
Gorizont
Credit: © Mark Wade
Russian communications satellite. Gorizont-1 was designed specifically to support broadcast of the 1980 Olympic Games from Russia. Communication satellite built by NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki (NPO PM) for RSCC (Kosmicheskiya Svyaz), Russia. Launched 1978 - 2000. Used KAUR-3 bus.

AKA: 11F662. Status: Operational 1978. First Launch: 1978-12-19. Last Launch: 2000-06-06. Number: 35 . Gross mass: 2,110 kg (4,650 lb).

The first was launched in December 1978, followed by two in 1979. The last satellite was launched on 14 June 1980 and entered operation only on 2 July, 13 days before the start of the games. The constellation provided 30 channels of television via 500 Moskva receiving stations equipped with 2.5 m antennae. These broadcast television throughout the Soviet Union. Trials of the system were completed in 1981.

The geostationary Gorizont satellite was later part of the Russian YeSSS Unified Satellite Communication System. These satellites provided civilian and military telephone, telegraph, and facsimile communications services, in addition to relaying TV and radio broadcasts. Gorizont also supported maritime and international communications from 1988 as an element of the Okean system operating at 1.5 to 1.6 GHz. The KAUR-3 spacecraft bus was 3-axis stabilized using liquid propellant micro-engines to within 0.25 degrees of the earth's center. The single-unit body was equipped with solar panels, and active liquid-gas phase-change thermoregulation system, and a corrective engine unit for making orbital adjustments. 25 square meters of solar panels provided 1280 W of power. Gorizont was equipped with seven transponders.260 GHz total bandwidth.195 W total transponder power with EIRP of 28 to 38.5 dBW. Frequency bands: 6/4, 14/11, 1.6/1.5 GHz.

The Gorizont satellites were primarily used for domestic and international communications. The Gorizont constellation in 1993-1994 established a tenth position in the geosynchronous ring for domestic needs and deployed three Gorizonts (one old, two new) to new locations in support of Rimsat, Ltd., the US-based firm leasing orbital slots from Tonga. In all, four Gorizont spacecraft were launched during 1993-1994, but one was lost due to a Proton launch failure. With no resident spacecraft being retired during the period, the number of active Gorizonts increased by the end of 1994 to its peak of 13.

The Gorizont spacecraft possessed an initial mass in excess of 2.1 metric tons and demonstrated a lifetime of nearly 10 years, although a 5-year service life was more common. The 3-axis stabilized satellite was approximately 2 m in diameter and 5 m long with two large solar arrays capable of generating 1.3 kW of electrical power for the first three years. Seven separate transmission antennas permitted a variety of reception patterns for both broad and localized terrestrial regions.

A typical Gorizont communications payload included six general purpose (TV, audio, facsimile) 6/4 GHz transponders (five 12.5 W and one 60 W), one Luch 14/11 GHz transponder (15 W), and one Volna 1.6/1.5 GHz transponder (20 W). The Volna transponders were INMARSAT-compatible and extensively used by the Russian merchant marine fleet via the primary control center in the Tomilino suburb of Moscow and the Odessa and Nakhodka ground stations. Gorizont was the primary geosynchronous television re-broadcasting system, supporting all five Russian Federation time zones: Zone 1 from 140 degrees E, Zone 2 from 90 degrees E, Zone 3 from 80 degrees E, Zone 4 from 53 degrees E, and Zone 5 from 14 degrees W. These transmissions were handled by Orbita (12-m receiving antenna) and Moskva (2.5-m receiving antenna) ground stations in the 6/4 GHz band. The Moskva Globalnaya system was inaugurated in 1989 using 4-m receiving antennas and serviced by Gorizonts at 96.5 degrees E and 11 degrees W.


More at: Gorizont.

Family: Communications, Geosynchronous orbit. Country: Russia. Launch Vehicles: Proton, Proton-K/DM, Proton-K/DM-2, Proton/Briz K/M. Launch Sites: Baikonur, Baikonur LC81/23, Baikonur LC81/24, Baikonur LC200/40, Baikonur LC200/39. Agency: MOM, Reshetnev bureau. Bibliography: 102, 111, 2, 274, 552, 554, 6, 67, 6537, 12511.
Photo Gallery

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Credit: NPO PM


GorizontGorizont
Credit: © Mark Wade


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Credit: Manufacturer Image



1978 December 19 - . 12:15 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/40. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM. FAILURE: Block DM malfunction, wrong orbit.. Failed Stage: U.
1979 July 5 - . 23:19 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/40. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM.
1979 December 28 - . 11:51 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/40. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM.
1980 June 14 - . 00:49 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM.
1982 March 15 - . 04:39 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM.
1982 October 20 - . 16:26 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/40. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM.
1983 June 30 - . 23:56 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM.
1983 November 30 - . 13:51 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM.
1984 April 22 - . 04:21 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM.
1984 August 1 - . 21:37 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/40. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM.
1985 January 18 - . 10:25 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM.
1986 June 10 - . 00:49 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/40. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM.
1986 November 18 - . 14:08 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM.
1987 May 11 - . 14:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM.
1988 January 18 - . 09:58 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/40. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2. FAILURE: Third stage malfunction.. Failed Stage: 3.
1988 March 31 - . 04:18 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/40. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM.
1988 August 18 - . 19:52 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/40. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1989 January 26 - . 09:16 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/40. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1989 July 5 - . 22:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/40. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1989 September 28 - . 17:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/40. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1990 June 20 - . 23:36 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/40. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM.
1990 November 3 - . 14:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC81/23. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1990 November 23 - . 13:22 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1991 July 1 - . 21:53 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1991 October 23 - . 15:25 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1992 April 2 - . 01:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC81/23. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1992 July 14 - . 22:02 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC81/23. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1992 November 27 - . 13:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC81/23. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1993 May 27 - . 01:22 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC81/23. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2. FAILURE: Second stage did not reach planned velocity. Cause determined to be propellant contamination.. Failed Stage: 2.
1993 October 28 - . 15:17 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC81/23. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1993 November 18 - . 13:54 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC81/23. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1994 May 20 - . 02:01 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC81/23. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1996 January 25 - . 09:56 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1996 May 25 - . 02:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
2000 June 6 - . 02:59 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC81/24. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton/Briz K/M.

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