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Yantar-4KS1

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Yantar E1
Credit: © Carsten Wiedemann

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AKA: 11F694;Lotos-S;Neman;Terilen. Status: Operational 1982. First Launch: 1982-12-28. Last Launch: 2006-06-15. Number: 25 . Gross mass: 6,620 kg (14,590 lb).

The Yantar-2K was not capable of providing strategic warning of attack. Therefore three additional variants were developed, one of them the detailed electro-optical and operational reconnaissance satellite Yantar-4KS. A resolution of the chief designers dated 1 July 1977 began work on the project; this was confirmed by decree # 7-3 of the Soviet Ministers and Communist Party Central Committee dated 4 January 1978. The spacecraft was designed to relay visual and infrared band images via a digital data link to the planned Potok-Luch GKRSS satellite system.

There were two phases to the project plan. The first phase spacecraft, the Yantar-4KS1, would be launched by the Soyuz-U2 launch vehicle, begin flight trials in 1979, with the system to be accepted into the military by 1981. Phase 2 would be the more capable Yantar-4KS2, launched by the more powerful Zenit launch vehicle, with flight trials to begin in 1983.

Development was slow because of the state of Soviet digital electronics technology. The structure and wire harnesses for the first spacecraft were completed in 1978, but delays in the electronics meant that flight trials could not begin until the end of 1982. But the very first trials flight, in conjunction with the first Potok communications relay satellite, proved the worth of the system, with immediate operational use of the imagery. Yantar-4KS1 was accepted into military service in 1985.

On 1 June 1983 the Yantar-4KS2 was cancelled and it was decided to modernize the Yantar-4KS1 instead. Flight trials of the improved model began in 1986, with flight times of 238 and 259 days, versus the maximum 207 days of the unimproved version. Further changes were an evolutionary process, with each satellite flown having improved technical characteristics and longer service life. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the satellites were being operated for over a year before having their mission terminated, despite a switch from the Soyuz-U2 to the less capable Soyuz-U launch vehicle. Typical orbital profile of the satellites was: inclination 64.9 degrees with an altitude of 230-280 km or 180-270 km.

Photo Gallery

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Yantar S1

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Yantar 4K Credit: TsSKB

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Yantar S1

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Yantar 4KS

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Yantar 4E1 Credit: TsSKB

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Cosmos 2502 Credit: Manufacturer Image

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Resurs DK-1 Credit: Manufacturer Image

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Cosmos 2305 Credit: Manufacturer Image

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• Council of Chief Designers reconsiders Yantar Soviet reconnsat designs - . Nation: Russia. Spacecraft: Orlets-1, Orlets-2, Yantar-2K, Yantar-4K1, Yantar-4K2, Yantar-4KS1, Yantar-6K, Yantar-6KS.

  Flight trials of the Yantar-2K indicated the satellite was not capable of providing strategic warning of attack. The planned Yantar-6K series, in development since 1969, were overweight and behind schedule. A meeting of the Council of Chief Designers at TsSKB reviewed alternative approaches. It was decided that three variants of the Yantar-2K were to be developed, one of them the high resolution Yantar-4K.

• Cosmos 1426 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 69.00 days. Decay Date: 1983-03-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 13745 . COSPAR: 1982-120A. Apogee: 384 km (238 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 50.60 deg. Period: 90.40 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Cosmos 1552 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 173.00 days. Decay Date: 1984-11-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 14971 . COSPAR: 1984-045A. Apogee: 320 km (190 mi). Perigee: 180 km (110 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Cosmos 1643 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 207.00 days. Decay Date: 1985-10-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 15634 . COSPAR: 1985-026A. Apogee: 276 km (171 mi). Perigee: 182 km (113 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Cosmos 1731 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 238.00 days. Decay Date: 1986-10-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 16589 . COSPAR: 1986-013A. Apogee: 263 km (163 mi). Perigee: 233 km (144 mi). Inclination: 64.70 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Cosmos 1770 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 180.00 days. Decay Date: 1987-02-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 16897 . COSPAR: 1986-060A. Apogee: 292 km (181 mi). Perigee: 234 km (145 mi). Inclination: 64.70 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Cosmos 1810 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 259.00 days. Decay Date: 1987-09-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 17262 . COSPAR: 1986-102A. Apogee: 275 km (170 mi). Perigee: 224 km (139 mi). Inclination: 64.70 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Cosmos 1836 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 230.00 days. Decay Date: 1987-12-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 17876 . COSPAR: 1987-033A. Apogee: 289 km (179 mi). Perigee: 236 km (146 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Cosmos 1881 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 201.00 days. Decay Date: 1988-03-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 18343 . COSPAR: 1987-076A. Apogee: 294 km (182 mi). Perigee: 228 km (141 mi). Inclination: 64.70 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Cosmos 1936 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 49.00 days. Decay Date: 1988-05-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 19015 . COSPAR: 1988-027A. Apogee: 266 km (165 mi). Perigee: 182 km (113 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Yantar-4KS1 - . Mass: 6,620 kg (14,590 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: UNKS. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1.

• Yantar-4KS1 - . Mass: 6,620 kg (14,590 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: UNKS. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1.

• Cosmos 2007 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 180.00 days. Decay Date: 1989-09-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 19900 . COSPAR: 1989-024A. Apogee: 262 km (162 mi). Perigee: 224 km (139 mi). Inclination: 64.70 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Cosmos 2049 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 214.00 days. Decay Date: 1990-06-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 20320 . COSPAR: 1989-088A. Apogee: 251 km (155 mi). Perigee: 232 km (144 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Cosmos 2072 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 225.00 days. Decay Date: 1990-11-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 20568 . COSPAR: 1990-033A. Apogee: 270 km (160 mi). Perigee: 232 km (144 mi). Inclination: 64.70 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Cosmos 2113 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 172.00 days. Decay Date: 1991-06-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 21026 . COSPAR: 1990-113A. Apogee: 261 km (162 mi). Perigee: 225 km (139 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Cosmos 2153 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 247.00 days. Decay Date: 1992-03-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 21560 . COSPAR: 1991-049A. Apogee: 267 km (165 mi). Perigee: 182 km (113 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Cosmos 2183 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 314.00 days. Decay Date: 1993-02-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 21928 . COSPAR: 1992-018A. Apogee: 289 km (179 mi). Perigee: 237 km (147 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Cosmos 2223 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 372.00 days. Decay Date: 1993-12-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 22260 . COSPAR: 1992-087A. Apogee: 271 km (168 mi). Perigee: 238 km (147 mi). Inclination: 64.60 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Cosmos 2267 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 418.00 days. Decay Date: 1994-12-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 22904 . COSPAR: 1993-071A. Apogee: 281 km (174 mi). Perigee: 228 km (141 mi). Inclination: 70.40 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Cosmos 2280 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 316.00 days. Decay Date: 1995-03-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 23095 . COSPAR: 1994-025A. Apogee: 283 km (175 mi). Perigee: 233 km (144 mi). Inclination: 70.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Cosmos 2305 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 354.00 days. Decay Date: 1995-12-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 23453 . COSPAR: 1994-088A. Apogee: 288 km (178 mi). Perigee: 231 km (143 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Cosmos 2320 - . Mass: 7,000 kg (15,400 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Duration: 365.00 days. Decay Date: 1996-09-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 23674 . COSPAR: 1995-051A. Apogee: 372 km (231 mi). Perigee: 235 km (146 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Photo/digital surveillance..

• Cosmos 2359 - . Mass: 6,620 kg (14,590 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Kozlov bureau. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Decay Date: 1999-07-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 25376 . COSPAR: 1998-039A. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Perigee: 239 km (148 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.90 min. Photo/digital surveillance. Entered an initial 170 x 290 km x 64.9 deg initial orbit. It manoeuvred to its operational orbit of 240 x 302 km x 64.9 deg on June 27..

• Cosmos 2370 - . Payload: Neman. Mass: 6,700 kg (14,700 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Kozlov bureau. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Decay Date: 2001-05-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 26354 . COSPAR: 2000-023A. Apogee: 312 km (194 mi). Perigee: 244 km (152 mi). Inclination: 64.73 deg. Period: 90.00 min.

  Military Observation. Advanced imaging reconnaissance satellite. Relays digital imagery to earth via geostationary comsats. The last such satellite, Cosmos 2359, reentered in July 1999 after one year in orbit. The Soyuz-U launcher placed it in a 183 x 277 km x 64.8 deg initial orbit; it raised altitude to 240 x 300 km about 24 hr after launch.

• Resurs DK-1 - . Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Kozlov bureau. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. USAF Sat Cat: 29228 . COSPAR: 2006-021A. Apogee: 585 km (363 mi). Perigee: 355 km (220 mi). Inclination: 69.90 deg. Period: 94.00 min.

  Civilian remote sensing satellite with a one-meter-resolution-class Geoton-1 camera payload.that relayed its data to the ground via a digital link. It was based on the Terilen/Neman class military reconnaissance satellite in use since the 1980s, using the Yantar satellite bus.