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Plesetsk LC43/4

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First Launch: 1967-07-25. Last Launch: 2014-06-14. Number: 278 . Longitude: 40.46 deg. Latitude: 62.93 deg.

• Operational test - . Nation: Russia. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi).

• Cosmos 313 - . Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite. Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-12-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 4262 . COSPAR: 1969-104A. Apogee: 335 km (208 mi). Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule..

• Molniya 1-13 - . Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Decay Date: 1975-09-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 4336 . COSPAR: 1970-013A. Apogee: 39,170 km (24,330 mi). Perigee: 461 km (286 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 703.10 min. The first launch of the 8K78M vehicle from the Plesetsk launch site. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network..

• Cosmos 325 - . Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 73. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-03-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 4340 . COSPAR: 1970-015A. Apogee: 327 km (203 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..

• Cosmos 326 - . Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 74. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-2 satellite. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1970-03-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 4346 . COSPAR: 1970-018A. Apogee: 232 km (144 mi). Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite..

• Zenit-4 - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RVSN. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission..

• Cosmos 470 - . Payload: Zenit-4MT no. 1. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT. Duration: 10.00 days. Decay Date: 1972-01-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 5727 . COSPAR: 1971-118A. Apogee: 259 km (160 mi). Perigee: 192 km (119 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; deployed science capsule..

• Molniya 1-20 - . Payload: Molniya-1 s/n 27. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Decay Date: 1974-01-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 5927 . COSPAR: 1972-025A. Apogee: 40,006 km (24,858 mi). Perigee: 343 km (213 mi). Inclination: 65.70 deg. Period: 717.60 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network..

• SRET 1 - . Payload: MAS/SRET 1. Mass: 15 kg (33 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: SRET. Decay Date: 1974-02-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 5928 . COSPAR: 1972-025B. Apogee: 39,250 km (24,380 mi). Perigee: 458 km (284 mi). Inclination: 65.60 deg. Period: 704.70 min. Test satellite. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space..

• Meteor 1-18 - . Payload: Meteor-Priroda no. 1. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Earth. Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor. Spacecraft: Meteor-Priroda. USAF Sat Cat: 7363 . COSPAR: 1974-052A. Apogee: 909 km (564 mi). Perigee: 883 km (548 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 102.90 min. Conducted experimental work in studying the natural resources of the earth. Also tested plasma engine.

• Cosmos 690 - . Payload: Bion no. 2. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Biology. Type: Biology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Bion. Duration: 20.50 days. Decay Date: 1974-11-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 7478 . COSPAR: 1974-080A. Apogee: 364 km (226 mi). Perigee: 215 km (133 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.30 min. Biological research. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. .

• Cosmos 771 - . Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 1. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1975-10-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 8327 . COSPAR: 1975-090A. Apogee: 219 km (136 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.70 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..

• Cosmos 837 - . Payload: Molniya-2 s/n 27. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Decay Date: 1983-11-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 8927 . COSPAR: 1976-062A. Apogee: 936 km (581 mi). Perigee: 438 km (272 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 98.50 min. Failed Molniya..

• Zenit-4MKT no. 3 - . Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 3. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RVSN. Program: Resurs. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..

• Cosmos 862 - . Payload: Oko #5. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko. USAF Sat Cat: 9495 . COSPAR: 1976-105A. Apogee: 36,759 km (22,840 mi). Perigee: 3,620 km (2,240 mi). Inclination: 68.30 deg. Period: 718.30 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 5 - 86 degree longitude of ascending node..

• Molniya 3-06 - . Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 17. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Decay Date: 1990-02-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 9635 . COSPAR: 1976-127A. Apogee: 13,594 km (8,446 mi). Perigee: 426 km (264 mi). Inclination: 59.50 deg. Period: 257.00 min.

  Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

• Molniya 3-07 - . Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 19. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. USAF Sat Cat: 9941 . COSPAR: 1977-032A. Apogee: 38,201 km (23,736 mi). Perigee: 2,169 km (1,347 mi). Inclination: 63.50 deg. Period: 718.10 min.

  Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

• Cosmos 912 - . Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 4. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-06-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 10021 . COSPAR: 1977-040A. Apogee: 225 km (139 mi). Perigee: 217 km (134 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..

• Cosmos 917 - . Payload: Oko #7. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko. USAF Sat Cat: 10059 . COSPAR: 1977-047A. Apogee: 36,143 km (22,458 mi). Perigee: 4,196 km (2,607 mi). Inclination: 67.60 deg. Period: 717.50 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 9 - 245 degree longitude of ascending node..

• Cosmos 931 - . Payload: Oko #8. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko. USAF Sat Cat: 10150 . COSPAR: 1977-068A. Apogee: 36,549 km (22,710 mi). Perigee: 3,770 km (2,340 mi). Inclination: 66.50 deg. Period: 717.10 min. Replaced Cosmos 665. Covered Oko constellation plane 2 - 323 degree longitude of ascending node..

• Cosmos 948 - . Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 5. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-09-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 10319 . COSPAR: 1977-083A. Apogee: 235 km (146 mi). Perigee: 217 km (134 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..

• Cosmos 1010 - . Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 6. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1978-06-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 10915 . COSPAR: 1978-052A. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). Perigee: 217 km (134 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..

• Cosmos 1030 - . Payload: Oko #10. Mass: 2,030 kg (4,470 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko. Decay Date: 2004-08-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 11015 . COSPAR: 1978-083A. Apogee: 36,185 km (22,484 mi). Perigee: 4,131 km (2,566 mi). Inclination: 66.20 deg. Period: 717.00 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 4 - 39 degree longitude of ascending node..

• Cosmos 1099 - . Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 8. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-05-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 11360 . COSPAR: 1979-041A. Apogee: 247 km (153 mi). Perigee: 215 km (133 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..

• Molniya 3-12 - . Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 21. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Decay Date: 1992-09-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 11384 . COSPAR: 1979-048A. Apogee: 19,362 km (12,030 mi). Perigee: 126 km (78 mi). Inclination: 63.00 deg. Period: 339.60 min. Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system; transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation. .

• Cosmos 1106 - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-06-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 11399 . COSPAR: 1979-054A. Apogee: 237 km (147 mi). Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.10 min.

  Zenit-2M area survey photo reconnaissance satellite used for earth resources studies as part of 'Gektor-Priroda' project. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Nauka Cosmos 1106 - . Payload: Nauka?. Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Spacecraft: Nauka. Decay Date: 1979-06-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 11415 . COSPAR: 1979-054D. Apogee: 204 km (126 mi). Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.50 min.

• Cosmos 1108 - . Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 10. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-07-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 11413 . COSPAR: 1979-056A. Apogee: 245 km (152 mi). Perigee: 214 km (132 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..

• Cosmos 1115 - . Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 11. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-07-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 11451 . COSPAR: 1979-066A. Apogee: 235 km (146 mi). Perigee: 217 km (134 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..

• Cosmos 1118 - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-08-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 11465 . COSPAR: 1979-069A. Apogee: 237 km (147 mi). Perigee: 210 km (130 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min.

  Zenit-2M area survey photo reconnaissance satellite used for earth resources studies as part of 'Gektor-Priroda' project. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1122 - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-2M satellite. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-08-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 11491 . COSPAR: 1979-075A. Apogee: 227 km (141 mi). Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min.

  Zenit-2M area survey photo reconnaissance satellite used for earth resources studies as part of 'Gektor-Priroda' project. Nauka subsatellite 31KS jettisoned into independent orbit in the course of the mission. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1122 Nauka - . Nation: Russia. Agency: RVSN. Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft: Nauka. COSPAR: 1979-075xx.

• Cosmos 1124 - . Payload: Oko #12. Mass: 2,030 kg (4,470 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko. USAF Sat Cat: 11509 . COSPAR: 1979-077A. Apogee: 35,403 km (21,998 mi). Perigee: 4,913 km (3,052 mi). Inclination: 67.30 deg. Period: 717.00 min. Replaced Cosmos 1030. Covered Oko constellation plane 4 - 36 degree longitude of ascending node..

• Cosmos 1164 - . Payload: Oko #13. Mass: 1,890 kg (4,160 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko. Decay Date: 1980-02-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 11700 . COSPAR: 1980-013A. Apogee: 40,856 km (25,386 mi). Perigee: 434 km (269 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 736.80 min. Left in parking orbit. Decay date suspect Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. Was intended to cover Oko constellation plane 9 - 241 degree longitude of ascending node..

• Tselina-D - . Nation: Russia. Agency: RVSN. Program: Tselina. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D. Decay Date: 1980-03-18 . COSPAR: F800318A.

  This was the worst disaster since the Nedelin Catastrophe on 24 October 1964. A commission of military officers and chief designers reviewed the incident and requested changes to equipment and procedures, especially as regarded liquid oxygen handling. Another source reports that the explosion occurred during the fuelling of the Block E upper stage, and was due to hydrogen peroxide being present in a lox line filter and a confusion between fuel and lox lines. This error had always been possible, but had never happened in the 20 years of use of the booster before the explosion. The launch pad was badly damaged and not put back into service until April 1983.

• Cosmos 1451 - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1983-04-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 13975 . COSPAR: 1983-029A. Apogee: 232 km (144 mi). Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Inclination: 82.40 deg. Period: 88.60 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable. First launch from LC43/4 since on-pad explosion in March 1980..

• Cosmos 1481 - . Payload: Oko #30. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko. USAF Sat Cat: 14182 . COSPAR: 1983-070A. Apogee: 36,924 km (22,943 mi). Perigee: 2,912 km (1,809 mi). Inclination: 67.30 deg. Period: 707.30 min. Intended to replace Cosmos 1285; last stage exploded. Was intended to cover Oko constellation plane 6 - 118 degree longitude of ascending node..

• Cosmos 1483 - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1983-08-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 14204 . COSPAR: 1983-074A. Apogee: 272 km (169 mi). Perigee: 211 km (131 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Medium resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; also performed earth resources tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..

• Cosmos 1487 - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1983-08-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 14245 . COSPAR: 1983-080A. Apogee: 392 km (243 mi). Perigee: 209 km (129 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.30 min.

  High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resource tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1495 - . Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 24. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1983-09-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 14320 . COSPAR: 1983-092A. Apogee: 221 km (137 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.80 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..

• Cosmos 1545 - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Duration: 15.00 days. Decay Date: 1984-04-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 14849 . COSPAR: 1984-030A. Apogee: 367 km (228 mi). Perigee: 193 km (119 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 90.10 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule..

• Cosmos 1557 - . Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 25. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1984-06-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 14982 . COSPAR: 1984-048A. Apogee: 245 km (152 mi). Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..

• Cosmos 1575 - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Duration: 15.00 days. Decay Date: 1984-07-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 15060 . COSPAR: 1984-064A. Apogee: 264 km (164 mi). Perigee: 212 km (131 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..

• Cosmos 1581 - . Payload: Oko #35. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko. USAF Sat Cat: 15095 . COSPAR: 1984-071A. Apogee: 36,014 km (22,378 mi). Perigee: 4,498 km (2,794 mi). Inclination: 67.80 deg. Period: 721.00 min. Replaced Cosmos 1317. Covered Oko constellation plane 8 - 194 degree longitude of ascending node..

• Cosmos 1582 - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1984-08-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 15121 . COSPAR: 1984-074A. Apogee: 266 km (165 mi). Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.30 min.

  High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resource tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1591 - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1984-09-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 15232 . COSPAR: 1984-092A. Apogee: 268 km (166 mi). Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..

• Cosmos 1597 - . Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 26. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1984-09-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 15287 . COSPAR: 1984-099A. Apogee: 241 km (149 mi). Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..

• Molniya 3-23 - . Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 36. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Decay Date: 1994-12-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 15476 . COSPAR: 1985-004A. Apogee: 39,732 km (24,688 mi). Perigee: 626 km (388 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 717.90 min.

  Replaced Molniya 3-19. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

• Molniya 3-24 - . Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 39. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. USAF Sat Cat: 15738 . COSPAR: 1985-040A. Apogee: 38,895 km (24,168 mi). Perigee: 1,449 km (900 mi). Inclination: 64.10 deg. Period: 717.60 min.

  Replaced Molniya 3-18. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1657 - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1985-06-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 15806 . COSPAR: 1985-044A. Apogee: 282 km (175 mi). Perigee: 177 km (109 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.10 min. High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable (?). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..

• Molniya 3-25 - . Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 37. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Decay Date: 2002-09-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 15909 . COSPAR: 1985-061A. Apogee: 38,334 km (23,819 mi). Perigee: 1,797 km (1,116 mi). Inclination: 64.70 deg. Period: 713.30 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. .

• Cosmos 1672 - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1985-08-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 15940 . COSPAR: 1985-067A. Apogee: 255 km (158 mi). Perigee: 183 km (113 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min. High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation..

• Cosmos 1684 - . Payload: Oko #42. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko. USAF Sat Cat: 16064 . COSPAR: 1985-084A. Apogee: 32,715 km (20,328 mi). Perigee: 7,606 km (4,726 mi). Inclination: 67.90 deg. Period: 717.10 min. Replaced Cosmos 1586. Covered Oko constellation plane 4 - 35 degree longitude of ascending node..

• Molniya 3-26 - . Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 38. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Decay Date: 2001-02-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 16112 . COSPAR: 1985-091A. Apogee: 38,722 km (24,060 mi). Perigee: 1,660 km (1,030 mi). Inclination: 64.60 deg. Period: 718.40 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. .

• Cosmos 1698 - . Payload: Oko #44. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko. USAF Sat Cat: 16183 . COSPAR: 1985-098A. Apogee: 35,412 km (22,003 mi). Perigee: 4,994 km (3,103 mi). Inclination: 67.80 deg. Period: 718.80 min. Replaced Cosmos 1541. Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 351 degree longitude of ascending node..

• Cosmos 1708 - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1985-12-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 16331 . COSPAR: 1985-115A. Apogee: 281 km (174 mi). Perigee: 179 km (111 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.10 min.

  High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resource tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Molniya 3-27 - . Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 40. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. USAF Sat Cat: 16393 . COSPAR: 1985-117A. Apogee: 38,555 km (23,956 mi). Perigee: 1,554 km (965 mi). Inclination: 64.50 deg. Period: 712.80 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. .

• Cosmos 1746 - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1986-06-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 16737 . COSPAR: 1986-040A. Apogee: 277 km (172 mi). Perigee: 176 km (109 mi). Inclination: 82.40 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation. .

• Cosmos 1761 - . Payload: Oko #47. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko. USAF Sat Cat: 16849 . COSPAR: 1986-050A. Apogee: 35,495 km (22,055 mi). Perigee: 4,856 km (3,017 mi). Inclination: 67.80 deg. Period: 717.70 min. Replaced Cosmos 1698. Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 354 degree longitude of ascending node..

• Molniya 3-30 - . Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 41. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Decay Date: 1999-10-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 17038 . COSPAR: 1986-079A. Apogee: 38,570 km (23,960 mi). Perigee: 1,742 km (1,082 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 716.90 min.

  Replaced Molniya 3-21. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1806 - . Payload: Oko #52. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko. USAF Sat Cat: 17213 . COSPAR: 1986-098A. Apogee: 32,850 km (20,410 mi). Perigee: 7,495 km (4,657 mi). Inclination: 67.90 deg. Period: 717.60 min. Replaced Cosmos 1729. Covered Oko constellation plane 5 - 73 degree longitude of ascending node..

• Cosmos 1846 - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F40. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1987-06-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 18004 . COSPAR: 1987-045A. Apogee: 283 km (175 mi). Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation. .

• Cosmos 1851 - . Payload: Oko #54. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko. USAF Sat Cat: 18103 . COSPAR: 1987-050A. Apogee: 33,453 km (20,786 mi). Perigee: 6,926 km (4,303 mi). Inclination: 67.90 deg. Period: 718.30 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 6 - 113 degree longitude of ascending node..

• Cosmos 1882 - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F40. Duration: 21.00 days. Decay Date: 1987-10-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 18348 . COSPAR: 1987-077A. Apogee: 269 km (167 mi). Perigee: 253 km (157 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation. .

• Molniya 3-32 - . Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 49. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Decay Date: 2002-03-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 19189 . COSPAR: 1988-044A. Apogee: 38,104 km (23,676 mi). Perigee: 2,066 km (1,283 mi). Inclination: 64.60 deg. Period: 714.10 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. .

• Resurs-F1 14F43 - . Payload: Resurs-F1 14F43 No. 30. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: UNKS. Program: Resurs. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43.

• Resurs F-04 - . Payload: Resurs-F2 17F42 s/n 4. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F2. Duration: 30.00 days. Decay Date: 1989-09-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 20175 . COSPAR: 1989-063A. Apogee: 226 km (140 mi). Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.50 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation. .

• Molniya 3-37 - . Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 53. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Decay Date: 2003-06-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 20444 . COSPAR: 1990-006A. Apogee: 39,367 km (24,461 mi). Perigee: 982 km (610 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 717.70 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. .

• Resurs F-06 - . Payload: Resurs-F1 14F43 s/n 50. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43. Duration: 16.00 days. Decay Date: 1990-06-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 20632 . COSPAR: 1990-047A. Apogee: 231 km (143 mi). Perigee: 175 km (108 mi). Inclination: 82.40 deg. Period: 88.60 min.

  Also carried German microgravity experiment. Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR; solution of problems relating to ecology and international cooperation. In accordance with a commercial agreement, apparatus belo nging to the Federal Republic of Germany is also being carried for the purpose of conducting biotechnological experiments.

• Resurs F-08 - . Payload: Resurs-F1 14F43 s/n 49. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43. Duration: 16.00 days. Decay Date: 1990-09-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 20754 . COSPAR: 1990-073A. Apogee: 229 km (142 mi). Perigee: 176 km (109 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.50 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR; solution of problems relating to ecology and international cooperation. .

• Cosmos 2097 - . Payload: Oko #66. Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko. Decay Date: 2014-12-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 20767 . COSPAR: 1990-076A. Apogee: 37,021 km (23,003 mi). Perigee: 3,383 km (2,102 mi). Inclination: 66.50 deg. Period: 718.80 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 357 degree longitude of ascending node..

• Molniya 3-39 - . Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 54. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Decay Date: 2009-07-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 20813 . COSPAR: 1990-084A. Apogee: 39,142 km (24,321 mi). Perigee: 1,209 km (751 mi). Inclination: 63.20 deg. Period: 717.70 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. .

• Molniya 3-40 - . Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 55. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. USAF Sat Cat: 21196 . COSPAR: 1991-022A. Apogee: 37,374 km (23,223 mi). Perigee: 2,948 km (1,831 mi). Inclination: 64.50 deg. Period: 717.10 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. .

• Resurs F-10 - . Payload: Resurs-F2 17F42 s/n 6. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F2. Duration: 30.00 days. Decay Date: 1991-06-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 21313 . COSPAR: 1991-035A. Apogee: 242 km (150 mi). Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.70 min.

  Also carried microgravity experiments. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of the various branches of the national economy of the USSR, and solution of problems relating to the environment and to international cooperation.

• Molniya 1-81 - . Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. USAF Sat Cat: 21426 . COSPAR: 1991-043A. Apogee: 38,094 km (23,670 mi). Perigee: 2,262 km (1,405 mi). Inclination: 63.60 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. .

• Cosmos 2152 - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1991-07-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 21558 . COSPAR: 1991-048A. Apogee: 234 km (145 mi). Perigee: 174 km (108 mi). Inclination: 82.40 deg. Period: 88.60 min. Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule..

• Molniya 1-82 - . Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Decay Date: 2004-10-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 21630 . COSPAR: 1991-053A. Apogee: 39,591 km (24,600 mi). Perigee: 763 km (474 mi). Inclination: 64.50 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. .

• Molniya 3-41 - . Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 48. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. USAF Sat Cat: 21706 . COSPAR: 1991-065A. Apogee: 39,145 km (24,323 mi). Perigee: 1,209 km (751 mi). Inclination: 63.10 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. .

• Foton 7 - . Payload: Foton s/n 7L. Mass: 6,200 kg (13,600 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Materials. Type: Materials science satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Foton. Duration: 15.54 days. Decay Date: 1991-10-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 21737 . COSPAR: 1991-070A. Apogee: 394 km (244 mi). Perigee: 214 km (132 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.60 min. Materials research; carried German, French experiments. Continuation of space materials research conducted jointly with Germany and France. .

• Molniya 1-83 - . Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Decay Date: 2007-07-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 21897 . COSPAR: 1992-011A. Apogee: 39,530 km (24,560 mi). Perigee: 823 km (511 mi). Inclination: 63.20 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system and transmission of Central Television programmes. .

• Resurs F-14 - . Payload: Resurs-F2 17F42 s/n 8. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F2. Duration: 30.00 days. Decay Date: 1992-05-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 21951 . COSPAR: 1992-024A. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). Perigee: 225 km (139 mi). Inclination: 82.10 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth for the various branches of the national economy, the solution of environmental problems, and international cooperation. .

• Cosmos 2207 - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1992-08-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 22062 . COSPAR: 1992-048A. Apogee: 233 km (144 mi). Perigee: 180 km (110 mi). Inclination: 82.40 deg. Period: 88.60 min. Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule..

• Foton 8 - . Payload: Foton s/n 8L. Mass: 6,200 kg (13,600 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Materials. Type: Materials science satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Foton. Duration: 15.60 days. Decay Date: 1992-10-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 22173 . COSPAR: 1992-065A. Apogee: 359 km (223 mi). Perigee: 218 km (135 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.30 min. 250 orbits. Microgravity research. Space materials research (conducted jointly with Germany)..

• Cosmos 2220 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Duration: 59.00 days. Decay Date: 1993-01-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 22226 . COSPAR: 1992-077A. Apogee: 341 km (211 mi). Perigee: 164 km (101 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission..

• Cosmos 2241 - . Payload: Oko #73. Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko. USAF Sat Cat: 22594 . COSPAR: 1993-022A. Apogee: 36,804 km (22,868 mi). Perigee: 3,564 km (2,214 mi). Inclination: 66.00 deg. Period: 718.00 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 7 - 161 degree longitude of ascending node..

• Molniya 3-44 - . Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 57. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Decay Date: 2004-01-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 22633 . COSPAR: 1993-025A. Apogee: 39,603 km (24,608 mi). Perigee: 744 km (462 mi). Inclination: 62.90 deg. Period: 717.70 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system, transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation. Replaced Molniya 3-41..

• Molniya 1-86 - . Payload: Molniya-1T s/n 81. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. USAF Sat Cat: 22671 . COSPAR: 1993-035A. Apogee: 38,681 km (24,035 mi). Perigee: 1,676 km (1,041 mi). Inclination: 64.10 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system, transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. Replaced Molniya 1-81..

• Cosmos 2274 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Duration: 65.00 days. Decay Date: 1994-05-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 23033 . COSPAR: 1994-018A. Apogee: 372 km (231 mi). Perigee: 176 km (109 mi). Inclination: 67.00 deg. Period: 89.70 min.

  This space object is intended for assignments on behalf of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• Cosmos 2283 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Duration: 71.00 days. Decay Date: 1994-09-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 23182 . COSPAR: 1994-042A. Apogee: 313 km (194 mi). Perigee: 179 km (111 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.42 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission..

• Molniya-3-46 - . Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 60. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Decay Date: 2009-02-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 23211 . COSPAR: 1994-051A. Apogee: 38,837 km (24,132 mi). Perigee: 1,518 km (943 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Replaced Molniya 3-40. As of 1994, the Molniya 3 constellation consisted of Molniya 3-36, 3-38, 3-39, 3-42, 3-43, 3-44, 3-45, and 3-46..

• Molniya-1-88 - . Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. USAF Sat Cat: 23420 . COSPAR: 1994-081A. Apogee: 38,562 km (23,961 mi). Perigee: 1,795 km (1,115 mi). Inclination: 64.10 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Molniya 188, relieved Molniya 1-82 of its duties. At the end of 1994, operational Molniya satellites were 1-79, 1-80, and 1-83 through 1-88..

• Foton 10 - . Payload: Foton s/n 10. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Materials. Type: Materials science satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Foton. Duration: 14.62 days. Decay Date: 1995-03-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 23497 . COSPAR: 1995-006A. Apogee: 355 km (220 mi). Perigee: 218 km (135 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.30 min. 234 orbits. Carried Russian, French, German micro-gravity experiments. Landed in Russia Mar 3.

• Resurs F2 N.10 - . Payload: Resurs-F2 s/n 10. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F2. Duration: 30.00 days. Decay Date: 1995-10-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 23672 . COSPAR: 1995-050A. Apogee: 277 km (172 mi). Perigee: 255 km (158 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Natural resources; photo capsule recovered in Russia on 10/26/95..

• Cosmos 2331 - . Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Duration: 89.00 days. Decay Date: 1996-06-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 23818 . COSPAR: 1996-016A. Apogee: 291 km (180 mi). Perigee: 159 km (98 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission..

• Molniya-3-48 - . Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 62. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Decay Date: 2007-10-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 24640 . COSPAR: 1996-060A. Apogee: 38,520 km (23,930 mi). Perigee: 1,837 km (1,141 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 717.80 min.

• Bion No. 11 - . Payload: Bion No. 11. Mass: 5,400 kg (11,900 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Class: Biology. Type: Biology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Bion. Duration: 15.00 days. Decay Date: 1997-01-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 24701 . COSPAR: 1996-073A. Apogee: 375 km (233 mi). Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.40 min. Biological research. Carried monkeys Lalik and Multik..

• Cosmos 2342 - . Payload: Oko #78. Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Lavochkin bureau. Class: Surveillance. Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko. USAF Sat Cat: 24800 . COSPAR: 1997-022A. Apogee: 37,820 km (23,500 mi). Perigee: 2,584 km (1,605 mi). Inclination: 66.70 deg. Period: 718.80 min. Covered Oko constellation planes 6/7 - 129 degree longitude of ascending node..

• Molniya-1T - . Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Reshetnev bureau. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. USAF Sat Cat: 24960 . COSPAR: 1997-054A. Apogee: 39,575 km (24,590 mi). Perigee: 782 km (485 mi). Inclination: 63.90 deg. Period: 717.80 min.

• Foton 12 - . Payload: Foton s/n 12. Mass: 6,190 kg (13,640 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Kozlov bureau. Class: Materials. Type: Materials science satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Foton. Duration: 14.64 days. Decay Date: 1999-09-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 25902 . COSPAR: 1999-048A. Apogee: 365 km (226 mi). Perigee: 215 km (133 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.30 min. Foton 12 carried European microgravity experiments. The spacecraft's descent module landed on Russian territory at 52.47 deg N 53.83 deg E on September 24, 1999..

• Resurs F-1M - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Kozlov bureau. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F1M. Duration: 24.00 days. Decay Date: 1999-10-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 25929 . COSPAR: 1999-054A. Apogee: 240 km (140 mi). Perigee: 214 km (132 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Remote sensing film satellite. Recovered in Russia on October 22, 1999..

• Cosmos 2377 - . Mass: 6,500 kg (14,300 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Kozlov bureau. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Duration: 131.00 days. Decay Date: 2001-10-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 26775 . COSPAR: 2001-022A. Apogee: 261 km (162 mi). Perigee: 170 km (100 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 88.80 min. The Kobalt-class imaging satellite landed on October 10, 2001 after a four month mission..

• Molniya-3-51 - . Payload: Molniya-3K. Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: MO. Manufacturer: Reshetnev bureau. Program: Molniya. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Decay Date: 2016-12-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 26867 . COSPAR: 2001-030A. Apogee: 39,467 km (24,523 mi). Perigee: 888 km (551 mi). Inclination: 62.90 deg. Period: 717.80 min.

  Molniya-3K military communications satellite and booster fourth stage entered a 214 x 420 km x 62.8 deg parking orbit at 0026 GMT. About half an orbit later, over the southeast Pacific, the NPO Lavochkin Block-ML fourth stage fired to put the payload into a 407 x 40831 km x 62.9 deg orbit. The Molniya-3K was an improved version of the Molniya-3 military satellite.

• Soyuz 2 flight test. - . Nation: Russia. Agency: KVR.

  First flight test of a modernized version of the Soyuz ST equipped with a digital control system. Suborbital launch; carried an obsolete Zenit-8 reconnaisance satellite as a mass model and impacted in the Pacific Ocean. Launch delayed from October 15 and 29, November 6.

• Meridian 1 - . Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: VKS. Manufacturer: Reshetnev bureau. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Glonass. Spacecraft: Meridian. USAF Sat Cat: 29668 . COSPAR: 2006-061A. Apogee: 39,093 km (24,291 mi). Perigee: 1,264 km (785 mi). Inclination: 63.40 deg. Period: 717.80 min.

  Launch rescheduled twice due to Soyuz 2 software problems. The Meridian satellite was designed to provide communication between vessels and airplanes involved in ice surveillance in the North Sea area, and coastal stations on the ground, as well as to expand a network of satellite communications in the northern regions of Siberia and the Russian Far East.

• Cosmos 2441 - . Mass: 7,100 kg (15,600 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: KVR. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft: Persona. USAF Sat Cat: 33272 . COSPAR: 2008-037A. Apogee: 735 km (456 mi). Perigee: 711 km (441 mi). Inclination: 98.30 deg. Period: 99.20 min.

  First in the Persona series of Russian military imaging reconnaisance satellites. The initial orbit was 195 x 726 km x 98.3 deg. The spacecraft maneuvered itself into its operational sun-synchronous orbit on 31 July. Reportedly the satellite married the Yantar electro-optical bus with subsystems developed for the abandoned Arkon-1 reconnsaisance satellite. Said to have shut down in February 2009 due to an electronics failure.

• Meridian 2 - . Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: KVR. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Glonass. Spacecraft: Meridian. USAF Sat Cat: 35008 . COSPAR: 2009-029A. Apogee: 36,423 km (22,632 mi). Perigee: 328 km (203 mi). Inclination: 62.90 deg. Period: 646.00 min. Secon Meridian communications satellite. Third stage cut off early. Fregat upper stage ran out of fuel during second burn, leaving satellite in useless orbit..

• Cosmos 2471 - . Payload: Glonass-K No. 11. Mass: 1,415 kg (3,119 lb). Nation: Russia. Class: Navigation. Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft: Ekspress-1000. USAF Sat Cat: 37372 . COSPAR: 2011-009A. Apogee: 19,147 km (11,897 mi). Perigee: 19,111 km (11,875 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 675.70 min. First launch of the Glonass-K satellite using the Ekspress-1000 bus. The second would not come until 2014..

• Meridian 4 - . Payload: Meridian No. 14L. Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Nation: Russia. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Glonass. Spacecraft: Meridian. USAF Sat Cat: 37398 . COSPAR: 2011-018A. Apogee: 39,739 km (24,692 mi). Perigee: 968 km (601 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 724.90 min. Communications for the Russian Defense Ministry, and replacing the older Molniya satellites..

• Meridian No. 16 - . Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Nation: Russia. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Glonass. Spacecraft: Meridian. USAF Sat Cat: 38995 . COSPAR: 2012-063A. Apogee: 39,732 km (24,688 mi). Perigee: 986 km (612 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 725.20 min. Sixth Meridian military communications satellite for the Russian Defense Ministry..

• Cosmos 2492 - . Payload: SKRL-756 No. 1. Mass: 45 kg (99 lb). Nation: Russia. Class: Science. Type: Science satellite. Spacecraft: SKRL. USAF Sat Cat: 39490 . COSPAR: 2013-078A. Apogee: 626 km (388 mi). Perigee: 597 km (370 mi). Inclination: 82.42 deg. Period: 96.92 min. Calibration sphere. Announced as 'SKRL-756 No. 1' at time of launch. First launch of a new rocket, the Soyuz-2-1V..

• Cosmos 2493 - . Payload: SKRL-756 No. 2. Mass: 45 kg (99 lb). Nation: Russia. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft: SKRL. USAF Sat Cat: 39491 . COSPAR: 2013-078B. Apogee: 625 km (388 mi). Perigee: 590 km (360 mi). Inclination: 82.42 deg. Period: 96.85 min. Calibration sphere. Announced as 'SKRL-756 No. 2' at time of launch..

• Aist 1 - . Mass: 53 kg (116 lb). Nation: Russia. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft: Aist. USAF Sat Cat: 39492 . COSPAR: 2013-078C. Apogee: 626 km (388 mi). Perigee: 595 km (369 mi). Inclination: 82.42 deg. Period: 96.91 min. Small satellite developed by TsSKB-Progress and the Samara Aerospace University; carried a magnetometer, acclerometers and a micrometeor experiment..

• Cosmos 2494 - . Payload: Glonass-M No. 54. Mass: 1,415 kg (3,119 lb). Nation: Russia. Class: Navigation. Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft: Glonass. USAF Sat Cat: 39620 . COSPAR: 2014-012A. Apogee: 19,174 km (11,914 mi). Perigee: 19,085 km (11,858 mi). Inclination: 64.84 deg. Period: 675.73 min. Glonass-M No. 54 (Uragan-M No. 754) navigation satellite. Incorrectly announced as Cosmos 2491 at time of launch due to confusion in designations applied to three previous classified military launches..

• Cosmos 2495 - . Payload: Kobalt-M. Mass: 6,700 kg (14,700 lb). Nation: Russia. Class: Surveillance. Type: Surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Decay Date: 2014-09-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 39732 . COSPAR: 2014-025A. Apogee: 253 km (157 mi). Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.06 min. Kobalt-M spy satellite, serial number 564. Ninth launch of an 11F695M Kobalt-M film-return satellite and the first to use the Soyuz-2-1A rocket instead of the older Soyuz-U. By May 17 the satellite was in a 207 x 248 km x 81.4 deg orbit..

• Cosmos 2500 - . Payload: Glonass-M No. 55. Mass: 1,415 kg (3,119 lb). Nation: Russia. Class: Navigation. Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft: Glonass. USAF Sat Cat: 40001 . COSPAR: 2014-032A. Apogee: 19,262 km (11,968 mi). Perigee: 19,145 km (11,896 mi). Inclination: 64.78 deg. Period: 678.67 min. Glonass-M satellite No. 55 to supplement the Russian navigation satellite constellation..

• Meridian No. 17L - . Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Nation: Russia. Class: Communications. Type: Communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Glonass. Spacecraft: Meridian. USAF Sat Cat: 40296 . COSPAR: 2014-069A. Apogee: 39,296 km (24,417 mi). Perigee: 1,056 km (656 mi). Inclination: 62.83 deg. Period: 717.73 min. Seventh in the series of communications satellites for the Russian Ministry of Defense in 12-hour Molniya orbits..

• Cosmos 2501 - . Payload: Glonass-K1 No. 12L. Mass: 935 kg (2,061 lb). Nation: Russia. Class: Navigation. Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft: Ekspress-1000. USAF Sat Cat: 40315 . COSPAR: 2014-075A. Apogee: 19,179 km (11,917 mi). Perigee: 19,081 km (11,856 mi). Inclination: 64.71 deg. Period: 675.73 min. Second Glonass-K satellite, vehicle No. 12. The Glonass-K series are the third generation of Russian high orbit navigation satellites, following the original Uragan/Glonass and their successors, the Uragan-M/Glonass-M vehicles..

• Cosmos 2502 - . Payload: Lotos-S No. 802. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Class: Surveillance. Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Lotos-S. USAF Sat Cat: 40358 . COSPAR: 2014-086A. Apogee: 910 km (560 mi). Perigee: 901 km (559 mi). Inclination: 67.15 deg. Period: 103.10 min.

  Russian military satellite that initially entered a 240 km x 899 km x 67.1 deg orbit. Russian press reports and official announcements did not give any name for the satellite, not even a Cosmos cover name, the first time this had happened since 1963. Believed to be the second Lotos-S signals intelligence satellite. The Lotos-S satellites had a payload similar to the Tselina-2, but used a Russian Yantar-type spacecraft bus from TsSKB-Progress instead of the Tselina-2's Okean class bus from the Ukranian Yuzhnoye organization. The spacecraft circularized its orbit to 899 km x 909 km on December 26, joining Lotos-S No. 801 which was in a 903 km x 907 km x 67 deg orbit.

• Cosmos 2503 - . Payload: COSMOS 2503. Mass: 4,000 kg (8,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Class: Surveillance. Type: Surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Bars. USAF Sat Cat: 40420 . COSPAR: 2015-009A. Apogee: 577 km (358 mi). Perigee: 566 km (351 mi). Inclination: 97.67 deg. Period: 96.09 min. Believed to be a new-generation electro-optical reconnaisance satellite based on a heavily modified Yantar bus. Sun synchronous orbit; 0245 GMT local time of the descending node..

• Cosmos 2505 - . Mass: 6,700 kg (14,700 lb). Nation: Russia. Class: Surveillance. Type: Surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Decay Date: 2015-09-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 40667 . COSPAR: 2015-027A. Apogee: 285 km (177 mi). Perigee: 177 km (109 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg.

  Kobal't-M spy satellite s/n 565, maneuvered on 8 and 13 June from an initial orbit of 177 km x 285 km x 81.4 deg to 203 km x 264 km. Current version of the Yantar satellite which returns its main section, with film and camera, to Earth at the end of its flight. It also carried two small ejectable film canisters which can return some data to Earth during the mission.

• Cosmos 2506 - . Mass: 7,000 kg (15,400 lb). Nation: Russia. Class: Surveillance. Type: Surveillance satellite. Spacecraft: Persona. USAF Sat Cat: 40699 . COSPAR: 2015-029A. Apogee: 725 km (450 mi). Perigee: 706 km (438 mi). Inclination: 98.29 deg. Period: 99.09 min.

  Third Persona-1 spy satellite, built by TsSKB-Progress in Samara and equipped with electro-optical imaging cameras. Said to be the first to return its data via an optical communications link to an unidentified geosynchronous satellite. On June 28 the satellite manuevered from an elliptical transfer orbit to a circular sun synchronous orbit with 0840 GMT local time of the descending node.

• Cosmos 2510 - . Nation: Russia. Class: Surveillance. Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft Bus: USP (Victoria). Spacecraft: Tundra. USAF Sat Cat: 41032 . COSPAR: 2015-066A. Apogee: 38,551 km (23,954 mi). Perigee: 1,625 km (1,009 mi). Inclination: 63.80 deg. The first EKS early warning satellite, launched into a Molniya orbit. The satellite, developed by Energiya and Kometa, replaced the defunct Lavochkin/Kometa 'Oko' system..

• Cosmos 2511 - . Nation: Russia. Class: Surveillance. Type: Surveillance satellite. Spacecraft: Kanopus. Decay Date: 2015-12-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 41098 . COSPAR: 2015-071A. Apogee: 694 km (431 mi). Perigee: 685 km (425 mi). Inclination: 98.20 deg.

  Russia carried out the second launch of the Soyuz-2-1V rocket, carrying the 440 kg Kanopus-ST military satellite as its primary payload. Kanopus-ST carried optical, infrared and microwave imagers to test technology to locate submerged submarines. The two-stage core of Soyuz-2-1V reached a 208 x 681 km x 98.2 deg transfer orbit. The Volga upper stage coasted to apogee and at about 1503 UTC made a circularization burn to reach a 684 x 693 km sun-synchronous orbit. The KYuA-1 satellite was successfully ejected at about 1540 UTC, but one of several latches on the Kanopus-ST failed to open, and the payload failed to separate.The two payloads were given the public cover names Kosmos-2511 (Kanopus-ST/Volga) and Kosmos-2512 (KYuA-1). Following the failure, at about 0200 UTC Dec 6 the Volga reignited in an attempt to deorbit the Kanopus/Volga stack and prevent it becoming long-lived space debris. This burn reached an orbit of 106 x 655 km. Natural orbital decay from atmospheric drag quickly set in. On Dec 7, with the orbit at 90 x 348 km, the spacecraft split into two pieces, possibly but not certainly the Kanopus satelite and the Volga stage. The two pieces reached an orbit of 88 x 297 km on Dec 8 before reentry.

• Cosmos 2512 - . Payload: KYuA-1. Nation: Russia. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radar calibration target. USAF Sat Cat: 41099 . COSPAR: 2015-071B. Apogee: 693 km (430 mi). Perigee: 684 km (425 mi). Inclination: 98.20 deg. Secondary payload; KYuA-1, a 16 kg sphere used to calibrate anti-ballistic-missile radars. Placed in sun synchronous orbit with 06:00 Equator crossing time..

• Cosmos 2514 - . Payload: Glonass-M No. 51. Nation: Russia. Class: Navigation. Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft: Glonass. USAF Sat Cat: 41330 . COSPAR: 2016-008A. Apogee: 19,158 km (11,904 mi). Perigee: 19,132 km (11,888 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Glonass-M No. 51 (Uragan-M 751, Kosmos-2514) was launched to supplement the Russian navigation constellation..

• Cosmos 2516 - . Nation: Russia. Class: Navigation. Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft: Glonass. USAF Sat Cat: 41554 . COSPAR: 2016-032A. Apogee: 19,152 km (11,900 mi). Perigee: 19,124 km (11,883 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Glonass-M No. 53 to replenish the Russian navigation satellite system.

• Cosmos 2518 - . Payload: EKS No. 2L. Nation: Russia. Spacecraft: Tundra. USAF Sat Cat: 42719 . COSPAR: 2017-027A. Apogee: 38,092 km (23,669 mi). Perigee: 2,267 km (1,408 mi). Inclination: 63.37 deg. Period: 717.86 min. See Kosmos 2518 (Tundra #2, EKS #2). Second Tundra EKS missile early warning satellite..

• Cosmos 2519 - . Payload: Napryazhenie No. 1 ?. Nation: Russia. Spacecraft: Napryazhenie. USAF Sat Cat: 42798 . COSPAR: 2017-037A. Apogee: 639 km (397 mi). Perigee: 316 km (196 mi). Inclination: 97.83 deg. Period: 94.15 min.

  See Kosmos 2519. It is believed that the satellite's real name is Napryazhenie No. 1, and was probably built by the Lavochkin company. It may have carried a geodetic payload and a space surveillance (space debris monitoring) payload. However it was primarily observed in a series of anti-satellite tests with the two other payloads it was launched with:
  
  Cosmos 2519 was launched aboard a Soyuz-2-1v rocket from Plesetsk on 2017 Jun 23 and placed in a 654 x 669 km x 98.1 deg sun-synchronous orbit with 09:54 local time descending node. The Volga upper stage was deorbited the following day. A Soyuz Blok-I stage was left in a 284 x 650 km transfer orbit.
  
  On Jul 27 at 1200 UTC, Aug 1 at 1215 UTC and Aug 3 at about 0800 UTC Cosmos 2519 performed small (0.5 m/s each) orbit changes to lower its orbit to 649 x 669 km.
  
  On Aug 23 at about 0640 UTC a subsatellite, Cosmos 2521, separated from Cosmos 2519 at a relative speed of about 0.5 m/s. The subsatellite was described by Russia at that time as a `satellite-inspector'. Cosmos 2521 and 2519 carried out a series of exercises involving orbital changes and mutual flybys.
  
  Exercise 1: Distant flyby
  Cosmos 2521 drifted away from its parent over the next few days to a maximum range of about 300 km and then made orbit adjustments to reverse the drift (on Aug 27 and Sep 4). By Oct 11, it had reapproached Cosmos 2519 within about 10 km. Another manuever caused it to retreat to about 50 km.
  
  Exercise 2: Close flyby and distant stationkeeping
  Further rendezvous burns by Cosmos 2521 returned it to the 10 km point by Oct 15, with approach within 2 km of Cosmos 2519 by Oct 18. It remained within 15 km of Cosmos 2519 until Oct 31, with both in a 650 x 667 km orbit.
  
  Exercise 3: Deploy subsatellite
  On Oct 30 at 0352 UTC a further subsatellite, Cosmos 2523, departed Cosmos 2521 with a relative velocity of 27 m/s into a lower-perigee 554 x 664 km orbit. As of Aug 2018 Cosmos 2523 has made no orbit maneuvers since its initial deployment. The three satellites (2519, 2521 and 2523) were registered with the UN by Russia in orbits of 651 x 683, 656 x 688, and 656 x 687 km respectively, making it hard to be sure which name refers to the lower-perigee object.
  
  Following the deployment of Cosmos 2523, Cosmos 2519 and Cosmos 2521 began to drift apart.
  
  Exercise 4: Close flyby by Cosmos 2519
  On Dec 14 at 0900 UTC Cosmos 2519, at a range of 1000 km from Cosmos 2521, manuevered to begin an approach. At 1340 UTC on Dec 15 Cosmos 2519 flew past Cosmos 2521 at a range of less than 7 km and a relative speed of 35 km/hr. By Dec 19 the satellites were several thousand km apart again.
  
  Exercise 5: Close flyby by Cosmos 2519
  Without further orbital manuevers 2519 lapped 2521 again on 2018 Feb 3 at 0700, passing around 10 km away at about 35 km/hr again.
  
  Exercise 6: Slow flyby
  On 2018 Feb 14 at 0407 UTC it was Cosmos 2521's turn to maneuver, with a 9 m/s burn lowering its orbit to 618 x 664 km to begin a rendezvous with Cosmos 2519. The two satellites passed each other slowly at a range of about 30 km on Feb 20.
  
  Exercise 7: Slow flyby
  By Feb 27 range was 380 km; reapproach burns led to a slow flyby at a range of less than 1 km from around 0730 to 1230 UTC Mar 1.
  
  Exercise 8: Slow flyby
  Cosmos 2521 then retreated to 80 km range on Mar 6, and resumed approach to carry out another 1 km-class flyby on Mar 7 around 0700 UTC.
  
  Exercise 9: Slow flyby
  Again, Cosmos 2521 retreated to 550 km range on Mar 16, and resumed approach to carry out another slow flyby on Mar 21 around 2345 UTC, then drifted further to 24 km range by Mar 26.
  
  Exercise 10: Rendezvous
  On Mar 26, Cosmos 2521 returned to Cosmos 2519 and began a new phase of stationkeeping within 1 km, remaining near the parent satellite until Apr 30.
  
  Exercise 11: Cosmos 2521 move to low orbit
  Following the rendezvous, on Apr 30 it lowered its orbit in two large burns from 664 x 660 km to 350 x 369 km. During May and June the satellites remained in their now-different orbits without further activity.
  
  Exercise 12: Cosmos 2519 move to elliptical orbit
  Then,from Jun 27 to Jul 19, Cosmos 2519 made a series of smaller burns to change its orbit from 644 x 659 km to 312 x 606 km and then up to 317 x 664 km.
  
  Exercise 13: Cosmos 2521 second orbit lowering
  The day after the final Cosmos 2519 burn, Cosmos 2521 lowered its orbit even further, to 292 x 348 km. The timing of this change is clearly not coincidental, but as far as I can tell the two vehicles did not make any close approaches during this period. There has been no further orbit change activity since Jul 20.

• Cosmos 2521 - . Payload: Sputnik-Inspektor. Nation: Russia. USAF Sat Cat: 42919 . COSPAR: 2017-037D. Apogee: 306 km (190 mi). Perigee: 302 km (187 mi). Inclination: 97.89 deg. Period: 90.60 min. See Kosmos 2521 (Sputnik Inspektor). ..

• Cosmos 2523 - . Payload: Subsatellite. Nation: Russia. USAF Sat Cat: 42986 . COSPAR: 2017-037E. Apogee: 665 km (413 mi). Perigee: 553 km (343 mi). Inclination: 97.82 deg. Period: 96.87 min. See Kosmos 2523. ..

• Cosmos 2522 - . Payload: Uragan-M No. 752. Nation: Russia. Spacecraft: Glonass. USAF Sat Cat: 42939 . COSPAR: 2017-055A. Apogee: 19,147 km (11,897 mi). Perigee: 19,113 km (11,876 mi). Inclination: 64.56 deg. Period: 675.73 min. See Kosmos 2522 (Uragan-M #46, GLONASS-M №752). ..

• Cosmos 2524 - . Payload: Lotos-S1 No. 803. Nation: Russia. Spacecraft: Lotos-S. USAF Sat Cat: 43032 . COSPAR: 2017-076A. Apogee: 910 km (560 mi). Perigee: 900 km (550 mi). Inclination: 67.15 deg. Period: 103.10 min. See Kosmos 2524 (Lotos-S1 #2). ..

• Cosmos 2525 - . Payload: EMKA No. 1. Nation: Russia. USAF Sat Cat: 43243 . COSPAR: 2018-028A. Apogee: 275 km (170 mi). Perigee: 270 km (160 mi). Inclination: 96.55 deg. Period: 89.96 min. See Kosmos 2525 (EMKA #1). ..

• Cosmos 2527 - . Payload: Uragan-M No. 756. Nation: Russia. Spacecraft: Glonass. USAF Sat Cat: 43508 . COSPAR: 2018-053A. Apogee: 19,145 km (11,896 mi). Perigee: 19,115 km (11,877 mi). Inclination: 64.83 deg. Period: 675.73 min. See Kosmos 2527 (Uragan-M #47, GLONASS-M №756). ..

• Cosmos 2528 - . Payload: Lotos-S1 No. 804. Nation: Russia. Spacecraft: Lotos-S. USAF Sat Cat: 43657 . COSPAR: 2018-082A. Apogee: 910 km (560 mi). Perigee: 901 km (559 mi). Inclination: 67.15 deg. Period: 103.10 min. See Kosmos 2528 (Lotos-S1 #3). ..

• Cosmos 2529 - . Payload: Uragan-M No. 757. Nation: Russia. Spacecraft: Glonass. USAF Sat Cat: 43687 . COSPAR: 2018-086A. Apogee: 19,155 km (11,902 mi). Perigee: 19,105 km (11,871 mi). Inclination: 64.77 deg. Period: 675.73 min. See Kosmos 2529 (Uragan-M #48, GLONASS-M №757). ..