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Luch
Part of KAUR-4
Luch
Luch
Credit: NPO PM
Russian military communications satellite. Communication, data relay satellite built by NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki (NPO PM), Russia. Launched 1985 - 1994. Used KAUR-4 bus.

AKA: 11F669;Altair. Status: Operational 1985. First Launch: 1985-10-25. Last Launch: 1995-10-11. Number: 5 . Gross mass: 2,170 kg (4,780 lb).

Luch was an element of the second generation global command and control system (GKKRS) developed according to a decree of 17 February 1976 and deployed in the first half of the 1980's. Luch satellites, analogous to the US TDRS, provided communications service to the Mir space station, Buran space shuttle, Soyuz-TM spacecraft, military satellites, and the TsUPK ground control center. They also served to provide mobile fleet communications for the Soviet Navy. Modifications of the basic design were known as Altair, Gelios, and Luch. The modernized Luch-2 model allowed two high data rate channels to operate simultaneously, permitting transmission of real-time television from Mir. Each satellite was equipped with three transponders and had a nominal life of five years. By January 1999 five had been launched.

Luch utilized the KAUR-4 spacecraft bus equipped with the Arion transponder by NPO Radiopribor (Ryazanskiy). The spacecraft had an active 3-axis orientation system, with a single central body from which extended 40 square meters of solar panels. Its basic structure was that of the KAUR-3, but it was equipped with completely new systems: a digital computer, plasma station-keeping engines, hydrazine monopropellant orientation engines, and actively-scanned antennae arrays with 0.5 degrees antenna and 0.1 degree spacecraft pointing accuracy.

The Satellite Data Relay Network (SDRN) was analogous to the U.S. Tracking and Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). Three Luch spacecraft (not to be confused with the transponder system on Gorizont spacecraft) were launched between 1985 and 1989: Cosmos 1700, Cosmos 1897, and Cosmos 2054. Although three locations were registered with the International Telecommunications Union (16 degrees W, 95 degrees E, and 160 degrees W), only the first two were employed.

Each Luch spacecraft (also referred to Altair satellites) had a mass of 2.4 metric tons and two extended solar arrays capable of supplying 1.8 kW. Three large antennas and numerous, small helical antennas permitted data relays in the 15/14, 15/11, and 0.9/0.7 GHz bands. Terrestrial stations could employ simple 0.8-2 m antennas. The Luch spacecraft had a design lifetime of 5 years.

At the beginning of 1993 the only operational Luch spacecraft was Cosmos 2054, stationed at 16 degrees W. On 16 December 1994 Luch 1 was launched and later positioned at 95 E. This 2-satellite network was then used primarily in support of the Mir space station program.


More at: Luch.

Family: Communications, Geosynchronous orbit, Military communications sat. Country: Russia. Engines: SPT-70. Launch Vehicles: Proton, Proton-K/DM-2. Launch Sites: Baikonur, Baikonur LC81/23, Baikonur LC200/40, Baikonur LC200/39. Agency: MOM, Reshetnev bureau. Bibliography: 102, 2, 274, 445, 450, 474, 6, 67, 6659, 12768, 12769.
Photo Gallery

ComsatComsat
MAI, March 1994
Credit: © Dietrich Haeseler


LuchLuch
Credit: USAF Phillips Laboratory


LuchLuch
Credit: Manufacturer Image


Luch 1Luch 1
Credit: Manufacturer Image


Yenisey A1Yenisey A1
Credit: Manufacturer Image


Cosmos 2054Cosmos 2054
Credit: Manufacturer Image



1976 February 17 - .
1985 October 25 - . 15:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/40. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1987 November 26 - . 13:28 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1989 December 27 - . 11:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1994 December 16 - . 12:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC81/23. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1995 October 11 - . 16:26 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC81/23. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.

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