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Voskhod
Part of Vostok

Interior of Voskhod

Interior of Voskhod
Interior of Voskhod 1
Credit: © Mark Wade

Russian manned spacecraft. The Voskhods were adaptations of the single place Vostok spacecraft, designed in the heat of the space race to conduct flights with up to three crew, conduct space walks, and fly manned missions of up to three weeks duration ahead of the US Gemini program.

AKA: 3KD;3KV;Vykhod. Status: Operational 1964. First Launch: 1964-10-06. Last Launch: 1966-02-22. Number: 5 . Gross mass: 5,682 kg (12,526 lb). Height: 5.00 m (16.40 ft).

Work on the 3KV (three crew) and 3KD (two crew plus inflatable airlock) versions of the basic Vostok spacecraft began with the decree issued on 13 April 1964. In order to accommodate more than one crew, the seats were mounted perpendicular to the Vostok ejection seat position, so the crew had to crane their necks to read instruments, still mounted in their original orientation. The Elburs soft landing system replaced the ejection seat and allowed the crew to stay in the capsule during landing in the absence of the ejection seats. The Elburs consisted of probes that dangled from the parachute lines. Contact with the earth triggered a solid rocket engine in the parachute, which resulted in a zero velocity landing.

A back-up solid propellant retrorocket package on the nose of the spacecraft provided a redundant means of return to earth, which meant that Voskhods could be placed in higher orbits than Vostok (which was placed in orbits allowing natural decay of the orbit within a week in case of retrorocket failure).

The airlock of the two-crew 3KD version weighed 250 kg and was 700 mm in diameter and 770 mm high when stowed for launch. When inflated in orbit, it was 2.5 m long, with an internal diameter of 1.0 m and external diameter of 1.2 m.

The Voskhods were heavier than Vostok, and had to be launched by the 11A57 launch vehicle, with a much larger third stage than that used for the Vostoks.

Voskhod 3 and on were to be equipped with a new environmental control system, allowing up to 21 days life support for two crew. They also were to have the cockpit rearranged improved homing beacons, and other safety features after the problems with the Voskhod 2 mission.

A later Voskhod flight was also to be equipped with a tether experiment. Korolev was always interested in application of artificial gravity for large space stations and interplanetary craft. He sought to test this in orbit from the early days of the Vostok program. Three versions were considered:

Separation of the two components with a rotation of 0.5 degrees/second would produce 0.03 G of artificial gravity. The components would then close to 300 m, reaching 7 degrees/second and 1/6 G. The Voskhod would need additional liquid fuel rocket thrusters fitted to put the components into rotation.

When follow-on Voskhod flights after Voskhod 2 were cancelled, the experiment was moved to the Soyuz 7K-OK project. However after Korolev's death, this project in turn was closed by Mishin on 28 March 1966 and not pursued further.

Crew Size: 3.


More at: Voskhod.

Family: Manned spacecraft. People: Rudenko, Korolev, Tyulin, Beregovoi, Kirillov, Belyayev, Feoktistov, Katys, Komarov, Shatalov, Lazarev, Zaikin, Khrunov, Gagarin, Leonov, Gorbatko, Volynov, Shonin, Yegorov. Country: Russia. Engines: TDU-1. Spacecraft: Zenit-4, Voskhod, Voskhod SA, Voskhod PO, Voskhod KDU. Flights: Voskhod 1, Voskhod 2, Voskhod 3, Voskhod 4, Voskhod 5, Voskhod 6. Launch Vehicles: R-7, Voskhod 11A57. Launch Sites: Baikonur, Baikonur LC1, Baikonur LC31. Agency: Korolev bureau, MOM. Bibliography: 16, 2, 21, 22, 25, 32, 33, 367, 376, 474, 51, 57, 6, 60, 66, 89, 94, 7019, 13344, 13345.
Photo Gallery

Voskhod LVVoskhod LV


Voskhod 1Voskhod 1
Voskhod 1 in assembly.
Credit: RKK Energia


Voskhod 2 AirlockVoskhod 2 Airlock
Voskhod 2 Airlock and space suit
Credit: © Mark Wade


Voskhod tether panelVoskhod tether panel
Control Panel for control of the never-flown Vokshod tether mission exhibited at MAKS 99. The panel had controls somewhat different from those in the contemporary 7K-OK or L1 versions of the Soyuz. The sequencer panel had the 'on' and 'off' selector buttons to either side of the sequencer windows numbered, as on other versions, but the columns had functional headings, unlike the letters normally used. At MAKS 99 this was identified as a control panel for the LOK lunar orbiter, but this was incorrect.
Credit: © Dietrich Haeseler


Voskhod 3 InteriorVoskhod 3 Interior
Interior of Voskhod 3, with dog enclosures as flown on Cosmos 110.
Credit: © Mark Wade


VoskhodVoskhod
Credit: © Mark Wade


Cosmos 110Cosmos 110
Credit: Manufacturer Image


Voskhod 2Voskhod 2
Credit: Manufacturer Image


Voskhod 2 IconVoskhod 2 Icon
Credit: © Mark Wade


Voskhod IconVoskhod Icon
Credit: © Mark Wade


Yastreb space suitYastreb space suit
Yastreb space suit
Credit: Andy Salmon



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1964 September 9 - . LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.
1964 September 13 - . 09:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.
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1964 October 6 - . 07:12 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.
1964 October 7 - . LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.
1964 October 8 - . LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.
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1964 October 12 - . 07:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.
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1965 February 21 - . LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.
1965 February 22 - . 07:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.
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1965 March 18 - . 07:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.
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1966 February 22 - . 20:09 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.
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