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On December 28 in Space History
1919 December 28 - .
- Birth of Bruce T Lundin - .
Nation: USA.
Related Persons: Lundin.
American engineer, at NASA 1943-1977, heading propulsion development efforts at Lewis, notably the Centaur engine..
1920 December 28 - .
- Birth of Yuri Aleksandrovich Mozzhorin - .
Nation: Russia.
Related Persons: Mozzhorin.
Russian officer. Director of Nll-88 1961-1990. Oversaw Soviet space policy..
1944 December 28 - .
Launch Site:
V-2 Battery 836.
Launch Complex:
V-2 Battery 836.
Launch Vehicle:
V-2.
- V-2 radio guidance system set up. - .
Nation: Germany.
Measurements are made to determine the positioning of the Leitstrahlstellung (V2 radio guidance beam) and Brensslussstellung (engine cut-off beam) of the new radio guidance system. The Leitstrahlstellung station will be situated at Dedemsvaart..
1948 December 28 - .
LV Family:
Groettrup.
Launch Vehicle:
G-1.
- G-1 and R-2 designs evaluated by Soviet State Commission. - .
Nation: Russia.
Related Persons: Korolev.
The team defended the G-1 draft project on 28 December 1948. The State Commission found the G-1 to be superior to Korolev's R-2 design in many respects. However the Russian designers managed to convince the government to put the R-2 rather than the G-1 into production by arguing that the manufacturing technology of the G-1 could not be mastered immediately by Soviet Union. Several of the design concepts (integrated propellant tanks, radio-controlled cut-off, forward liquid oxygen tank) were however used by the Russians in their R-2 and R-5 rockets.
1954 December 28 - .
- Birth of Robert Lee Stewart - .
Nation: USA.
Related Persons: Stewart.
American test pilot mission specialist astronaut 1978-1986. 2 spaceflights, 12.0 days in space. Flew to orbit on STS-41B (1984), STS-51J..
1958 December 28 - .
Launch Site:
Kapustin Yar.
Launch Complex:
Kapustin Yar VLAD.
Launch Vehicle:
Burya La-350.
FAILURE: Vehicle broke up due to an explosion in the empty propellant tank..
- Burya flight 9 - .
Nation: Russia.
Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).
Cruise stage tanks 1 and 4 empty. The flight continued to T+309 seconds, the longest to date, at which point the vehicle broke up due to an explosion in the empty propellant tank. The boosters operated normally but separation took place normally at Mach 3.3-3.4 (higher than expected).
1959 December 28 - .
Launch Site:
Kapustin Yar.
Launch Complex:
Kapustin Yar V-2.
Launch Vehicle:
R-12.
- Nation: Ukraine.
Agency: MVS.
Apogee: 402 km (249 mi).
1961 December 28 - .
LV Family:
Titan.
Launch Vehicle:
Titan II.
- Titan II captive-fired for the first time - .
A Titan II was successfully captive-fired for the first time at Martin's test stand facilities near Denver, Colorado..
1961 December 28 - .
LV Family:
Titan.
Launch Vehicle:
Titan IIIC.
- USAF announces Titan III for Dynasoar - .
Nation: USA.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spaceplane. Spacecraft: Dynasoar.
With continued weight growth USAF announces Titan III to be developed for Dynasoar orbital missions..
1961 December 28 - .
LV Family:
Titan.
Launch Vehicle:
Titan II.
- Titan 2 first ground test. - .
Nation: USA.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft: Gemini.
Titan II, an advanced ICBM and the booster designated for NASA's two-man orbital flights, was successfully captive-fired for the first time at the Martin Co.'s Denver facilities. The test not only tested the flight vehicle but the checkout and launch equipment intended for operational use.
1962 December 28 - .
- First test firings of the Apollo CM reaction control engines - .
Nation: USA.
Program: Apollo.
Spacecraft: Apollo CSM,
CSM RCS.
North American's Rocketdyne Division completed the first test firings of the CM reaction control engines..
1963 December 28 - .
LV Family:
Peacekeeper.
Launch Vehicle:
AICBM.
- Advanced ICBM program cancelled. - .
Headquarters USAF effectively cancelled BSD's Advanced ICBM program when it directed all studies to be separate line items in exploratory and advanced development areas..
1963 December 28 - .
Launch Site:
Little Rock AFB.
LV Family:
Titan.
Launch Vehicle:
Titan II.
- Final operational Titan II squadron transferred to SAC at Little Rock AFB. - .
The sixth and final operational Titan II squadron, the 374th Strategic Missile Squadron, was transferred to SAC at Little Rock AFB, Arkansas. This action completed the programmed activation..
1964 December 28 - .
- Apollo CM to be modified so that the sight assembly could be used from either docking window - .
Nation: USA.
Program: Apollo.
Spacecraft: Apollo CSM,
CSM Cockpit.
MSC directed North American to modify the CM so that the sight assembly could be used from either docking window..
1964 December 28 - .
LV Family:
Titan.
Launch Vehicle:
Titan IIIB.
- Titan IIIB approved - .
A memo from the Office of the Secretary of Defense to the Secretary of the Air Force, Eugene M. Zuckert, approved the Titan IIIX program and requisite lengthening of Titan III research and development. The Titan IIIX was essentially the Titan IIIA's first and second stages plus an adapter section that would allow the vehicle to be used with the Agena D upper stage.
1965 December 28 - .
Launch Site:
Kapustin Yar.
Launch Complex:
Kapustin Yar LC86/1.
LV Family:
R-12.
Launch Vehicle:
Kosmos 63S1.
FAILURE: First stage failed..
Failed Stage: 1.
- DS-K-40 s/n 1 - .
Payload: DS-K-40. Nation: Russia.
Agency: RVSN.
Program: DS.
Class: Technology.
Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: DS.
Spacecraft: DS-K-40.
Development of systems for the later operational Tselina satellites..
1965 December 28 - .
12:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC41/15.
LV Family:
R-14.
Launch Vehicle:
Kosmos 65S3.
- Cosmos 103 - .
Mass: 875 kg (1,929 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MO.
Program: Strela.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military store-dump communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-1.
Spacecraft: Strela-2.
Decay Date: 1990-01-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 1868 . COSPAR: 1965-112A. Apogee: 179 km (111 mi). Perigee: 176 km (109 mi). Inclination: 56.00 deg. Period: 88.00 min. Possible test flight..
1966 December 28 - .
- Soyuz-VI to fly by end of 1967. - .
Nation: Russia.
Related Persons: Kozlov.
Program: Almaz.
Class: Manned.
Type: Manned spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz.
Spacecraft: Soyuz VI.
Resolution 'On approval of work on the 7K-VI Zvezda and course of work on Almaz' no. 305 ordered Kozlov's filial 3 of OKB-1 to undertake first flight of the manned military research spacecraft 7K-VI - 11F73 Zvezda by the end of 1967..
1966 December 28 - .
- Almaz program delays; Soyuz 7K-TK suspended - .
Nation: Russia.
Spacecraft: Almaz OPS,
Soyuz 7K-TK.
Military-Industrial Commission (VPK) Decree 104 'On changes in the timeline for the Almaz program and suspension of the 7K-TK' was issued. Due to delays in the Almaz all work on further development of the 7K-TK was suspended..
1967 December 28 - .
Launch Site:
Vandenberg.
Launch Complex:
Vandenberg LF05.
LV Family:
Minuteman.
Launch Vehicle:
Minuteman 2.
- GIN BABY V research and development mission - .
Nation: USA.
Agency: USAF AFSC.
Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi).
1968 December 28 - .
- Soviet space cadres stand down after Apollo 8 success - .
Nation: Russia.
Program: Apollo,
Lunar L1.
Flight: Apollo 8.
Two to three days rest for the demoralised cadres is declared, before renewing anew the assault on the cosmos in January. Kamanin muses that some day Communism will be on all of the planets of the solar system, and men will travel in fully automated spacecraft. But full automation is the wrong approach now.
1968 December 28 - .
- Birth of Akihito Hoshide - .
Nation: Japan.
Related Persons: Hoshide.
Japanese engineer mission specialist astronaut 1999-on. Underwent cosmonaut training in Russia, then astronaut training in USA. 2 spaceflights, 140.7 days in space. Flew to orbit on STS-124 (2008), Soyuz TMA-05M..
1968 December 28 - .
- Birth of Michael Scott Hopkins - .
Nation: USA.
Related Persons: Hopkins.
American scientist mission specialist astronaut, 2009-on. 1 spaceflight, 166.3 days in space. Flew to orbit on Soyuz TMA-10M (2013)..
1969 December 28 - .
- Sigurd A Sjoberg named Director of Flight Operations - .
Nation: USA.
Related Persons: Kraft.
Program: Apollo.
MSC announced the appointment of Sigurd A. Sjoberg as Director of Flight Operations, replacing Christopher C. Kraft, Jr., who had been appointed MSC Deputy Director Nov. 26. Sjoberg had been Deputy Director of Flight Operations since 1963..
1970 December 28 - .
- Birth of Oleg Germanovich Artemyev - .
Nation: Latvia.
Related Persons: Artemyev.
Latvian engineer cosmonaut, 2003-on. 2 spaceflights, 366.0 days in space. Flew to orbit on Soyuz TMA-12M (2014), Soyuz MS-08..
1970 December 28 - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
LV Family:
UR-100.
Launch Vehicle:
UR-100K.
FAILURE: Failure.
- Operational missile test - .
Nation: Russia.
Agency: RVSN.
Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).
1970 December 28 - .
14:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Kheysa.
Launch Vehicle:
MR-12.
- Aeronomy mission - .
Nation: Russia.
Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).
1972 December 28 - .
11:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Vostok 8A92M.
- Cosmos 542 - .
Payload: Tselina-D no. 4. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-D.
Decay Date: 1983-10-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 6328 . COSPAR: 1972-106A. Apogee: 640 km (390 mi). Perigee: 527 km (327 mi). Inclination: 81.00 deg. Period: 96.30 min.
1973 December 28 - .
LV Family:
Minuteman.
Launch Vehicle:
Minuteman 3.
- Giant Patriot - .
The Defense Department publicly announced its intention to conduct an eight-missile Operational Base Launch (OBL) program, Giant Patriot, subject to Congressional approval. This was subsequently canceled, and would have used configured Minuteman missiles launched from operational silos.
1973 December 28 - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Vehicle:
UR-100N.
- Mod 1 state trials missile test - .
Nation: Russia.
Agency: RVSN.
Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1974 December 28 - .
06:14 GMT - .
Launch Site:
White Sands.
LV Family:
Aerobee.
Launch Vehicle:
Aerobee 200A.
- Crab occultation Astronomy mission - .
Nation: USA.
Agency: NASA.
Apogee: 197 km (122 mi).
1976 December 28 - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC106.
LV Family:
R-36M.
Launch Vehicle:
R-36M 15A14.
- DP - .
Nation: Russia.
Agency: RVSN.
Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1976 December 28 - .
06:38 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
1976 December 28 - .
07:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC132/1.
LV Family:
R-14.
Launch Vehicle:
Kosmos 11K65M.
- Cosmos 887 - .
Mass: 810 kg (1,780 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MO.
Class: Navigation.
Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-1.
Spacecraft: Parus.
USAF Sat Cat: 9637 . COSPAR: 1976-128A. Apogee: 1,011 km (628 mi). Perigee: 947 km (588 mi). Inclination: 82.90 deg. Period: 104.70 min. Military navigation satellite..
1978 December 28 - .
16:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1069 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1979-01-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 11173 . COSPAR: 1978-124A. Apogee: 289 km (179 mi). Perigee: 254 km (157 mi). Inclination: 62.90 deg. Period: 89.90 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; also performed mapping, geodesy, earth resources tasks; separated capsule..
1979 December 28 - .
11:51 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC200/40.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM.
- Gorizont 3 - .
Payload: Gorizont s/n 13L. Mass: 2,100 kg (4,600 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Communications.
Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-3.
Spacecraft: Gorizont .
Completed Operations Date: 1989-12-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 11648 . COSPAR: 1979-105A. Apogee: 35,831 km (22,264 mi). Perigee: 35,779 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 11.00 deg. Period: 1,437.10 min. Stationed at 53 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 53 deg E in 1980-1984; 40 deg E in 1984-1989 As of 30 August 2001 located at 47.84 deg E drifting at 0.163 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 109.81E drifting at 0.002E degrees per day..
1979 December 28 - .
13:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1148 - .
Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok.
Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.
Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1980-01-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 11649 . COSPAR: 1979-106A. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). Perigee: 170 km (100 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable..
1982 December 28 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-U.
- Cosmos 1426 - .
Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar.
Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1.
Duration: 69.00 days. Decay Date: 1983-03-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 13745 . COSPAR: 1982-120A. Apogee: 384 km (238 mi). Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Inclination: 50.60 deg. Period: 90.40 min. Photo/digital surveillance..
1983 December 28 - .
03:48 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC16/2.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Cosmos 1518 - .
Payload: Oko #31. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Early warning satellite. Spacecraft: Oko.
Decay Date: 1998-09-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 14587 . COSPAR: 1983-126A. Apogee: 38,145 km (23,702 mi). Perigee: 2,019 km (1,254 mi). Inclination: 66.90 deg. Period: 713.90 min. Replaced Cosmos 1341. Covered Oko constellation plane 5 - 72 degree longitude of ascending node..
1985 December 28 - .
09:16 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC45/1.
Launch Pad: LC45/pad?.
LV Family:
Zenit.
Launch Vehicle:
Zenit-2.
FAILURE: Second stage failed to ignite. Partial Failure..
Failed Stage: 2.
- Cosmos 1714 - .
Payload: Tselina-2 no. 4. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MO.
Program: Tselina.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: SIGINT. Spacecraft: Tselina-2.
Decay Date: 1986-02-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 16434 . COSPAR: 1985-121A. Apogee: 850 km (520 mi). Perigee: 160 km (90 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 94.70 min. Tselina-2 ELINT satellite placed in unusable orbit due to second stage failure..
1988 December 28 - .
05:27 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- Molniya 1-74 - .
Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: MOM.
Program: Molniya.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-2.
Spacecraft: Molniya-1T.
Decay Date: 1998-07-31 . USAF Sat Cat: 19730 . COSPAR: 1988-115A. Apogee: 39,002 km (24,234 mi). Perigee: 1,358 km (843 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 717.90 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. .
1989 December 28 - .
22:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Cape Canaveral.
Launch Complex:
Cape Canaveral LC47.
LV Family:
Deacon.
Launch Vehicle:
Rocketsonde.
- Arcasonde - .
Nation: USA.
Agency: MRN.
Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).
1991 December 28 - .
12:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Xichang.
Launch Complex:
Xichang LC1.
LV Family:
CZ.
Launch Vehicle:
Chang Zheng 3.
FAILURE: Third stage failed to ignite. Partial Failure..
Failed Stage: U.
- Zhongxing-4 - .
Payload: STTW 5. Mass: 1,025 kg (2,259 lb). Nation: China.
Agency: Chinasat.
Program: Chinasat.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft: DFH-2.
USAF Sat Cat: 21833 . COSPAR: 1991-088A. Apogee: 34,041 km (21,152 mi). Perigee: 2,023 km (1,257 mi). Inclination: 32.30 deg. Period: 632.60 min. Third stage failure; unusable orbit. DFH-2 operational communications satellite..
1994 December 28 - .
11:31 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC81/23.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM-2.
1995 December 28 - .
06:45 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Molniya 8K78M.
- IRS-1C - .
Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Nation: India.
Agency: ISRO.
Class: Earth.
Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft: IRS.
USAF Sat Cat: 23751 . COSPAR: 1995-072A. Apogee: 820 km (500 mi). Perigee: 819 km (508 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 101.30 min. Indian Remote Sensing Satellite..
- Skipper - .
Mass: 250 kg (550 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: BMDO.
Class: Technology.
Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: Skipper.
USAF Sat Cat: 23752 . COSPAR: 1995-072B. Apogee: 813 km (505 mi). Perigee: 804 km (499 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 101.10 min. Aerobraking investigation; satellite provided by Russia, instruments by Utah State University; solar array shorted immediately following deployment and ended mission..
1995 December 28 - .
11:50 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Xichang.
Launch Complex:
Xichang LC2.
LV Family:
CZ.
Launch Vehicle:
Chang Zheng 2E.
1996 December 28 - .
Launch Site:
Taiyuan.
Launch Vehicle:
DF-21.
- Test mission - .
Nation: China.
Agency: PRC.
Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1999 December 28 - .
- Landing of STS-103 - .
Return Crew: Brown,
Clervoy,
Foale,
Grunsfeld,
Kelly, Scott,
Nicollier,
Smith, Steven.
Nation: USA.
Related Persons: Brown,
Clervoy,
Foale,
Grunsfeld,
Kelly, Scott,
Nicollier,
Smith, Steven.
Flight: STS-103.
STS-103 landed at 00:01 GMT. .
2000 December 28 - .
2001 December 28 - .
03:24 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC32/1.
LV Family:
R-36.
Launch Vehicle:
Tsiklon-3.
- Cosmos 2384 - .
Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: VKS.
Manufacturer: Reshetnev bureau.
Program: Strela.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military store-dump communications satellite. Spacecraft: Strela-3.
USAF Sat Cat: 27055 . COSPAR: 2001-058A. Apogee: 1,432 km (889 mi). Perigee: 1,416 km (879 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.30 min.
The Tsiklon put six military Strela-3 and three civilian equivalent Gonets-D1 satellites into a medium earth orbit. Due to a launch failure in 2000 this was the first replenishment of the Strela satellite constellation since 1998. The Tsiklon second stage burn was complete at 0329:02 UTC. The S5M stage separated and ignited at 0330 and shut down at 0332:00, placing the stage and satellite dispenser in a suborbital -550 x 1400 km orbit. A second burn at apogee at 0406:15 UTC put the stage in a 1400 km circular orbit. The three Gonets satellites separated first, beginning at 0407:28 UTC; the last of the three Kosmos/Strela satellites was ejected at 0408:33, with a perigee about 15 km higher than the first of the deployments.
- Cosmos 2385 - .
Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: VKS.
Manufacturer: Reshetnev bureau.
Program: Strela.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military store-dump communications satellite. Spacecraft: Strela-3.
USAF Sat Cat: 27056 . COSPAR: 2001-058B. Apogee: 1,426 km (886 mi). Perigee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 114.30 min. Three military Strela-3 and three civilian equivalent Gonets-D1 satellites orbited in a single launch..
- Gonets D1 - .
Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: VKS.
Manufacturer: Reshetnev bureau.
Program: Strela.
Class: Communications.
Type: Civilian store-dump communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Strela-3.
Spacecraft: Gonets-D1.
USAF Sat Cat: 27059 . COSPAR: 2001-058E. Apogee: 1,418 km (881 mi). Perigee: 1,416 km (879 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 114.20 min. Three military Strela-3 and three civilian equivalent Gonets-D1 satellites orbited in a single launch..
- Gonets D1 - .
Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: VKS.
Manufacturer: Reshetnev bureau.
Program: Strela.
Class: Communications.
Type: Civilian store-dump communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Strela-3.
Spacecraft: Gonets-D1.
USAF Sat Cat: 27058 . COSPAR: 2001-058D. Apogee: 1,419 km (881 mi). Perigee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 114.10 min. Three military Strela-3 and three civilian equivalent Gonets-D1 satellites orbited in a single launch..
- Gonets D1 - .
Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: VKS.
Manufacturer: Reshetnev bureau.
Program: Strela.
Class: Communications.
Type: Civilian store-dump communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Strela-3.
Spacecraft: Gonets-D1.
USAF Sat Cat: 27060 . COSPAR: 2001-058F. Apogee: 1,418 km (881 mi). Perigee: 1,404 km (872 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 114.00 min. Three military Strela-3 and three civilian equivalent Gonets-D1 satellites orbited in a single launch..
- Cosmos 2386 - .
Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Nation: Russia.
Agency: VKS.
Manufacturer: Reshetnev bureau.
Program: Strela.
Class: Communications.
Type: Military store-dump communications satellite. Spacecraft: Strela-3.
USAF Sat Cat: 27057 . COSPAR: 2001-058C. Apogee: 1,419 km (881 mi). Perigee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 114.20 min. Three military Strela-3 and three civilian equivalent Gonets-D1 satellites orbited in a single launch..
2003 December 28 - .
23:00 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC200/39.
LV Family:
Proton.
Launch Vehicle:
Proton-K/DM-2M.
- Ekspress AM-22 - .
Mass: 2,542 kg (5,604 lb). Nation: Russia.
Class: Communications.
Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-4.
Spacecraft: Gals.
USAF Sat Cat: 28134 . COSPAR: 2003-060A. Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 0.0400 deg. Period: 1,436.11 min. The Ekspress AM-22 communications satellite was built by NPO PM and Alcatel Space for GPKS, the Russian Space Communications Company. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 52.99E drifting at 0.005W degrees per day..
2005 December 28 - .
05:19 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-FG.
- Giove-A - .
Payload: GSTB-V2/A / Heavily modified Surrey MiniSat-400. Mass: 600 kg (1,320 lb). Nation: Europe.
Agency: ESA.
Manufacturer: Surrey.
Class: Navigation.
Type: Navigation satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-900.
USAF Sat Cat: 28922 . COSPAR: 2005-051A. Apogee: 23,360 km (14,510 mi). Perigee: 23,314 km (14,486 mi). Inclination: 56.20 deg. Period: 849.60 min.
Delayed from September, October, December 26. Galileo In-Orbit Validation Element, a prototype for the Galileo European navigation satellite network. Giove carried carried two rubidium atomic clocks and a large L-band phased array antenna. Retired in 2012 as the production models went on-line.
2007 December 28 - .
- ISS On-Orbit Status 12/28/07 - .
Nation: USA.
Related Persons: Love,
Malenchenko,
Tani,
Whitson.
Program: ISS.
Flight: Soyuz TMA-11,
STS-120 ISS EO-16,
STS-122.
CDR Whitson and FE-2 Tani began the day with the daily reading of SLEEP (Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure during Spaceflight) experiment data accumulated during the night, for logging and filling in questionnaire entries in the experiment's session file on the HRF-1 laptop for downlink. Additional Details: here....
2011 December 28 - .
17:09 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Baikonur.
Launch Complex:
Baikonur LC31.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-2-1A.
- Globalstar M084 - .
Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Nation: USA.
Class: Communications.
Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Proteus.
USAF Sat Cat: 38040 . COSPAR: 2011-080A. Apogee: 926 km (575 mi). Perigee: 921 km (572 mi). Inclination: 52.00 deg. Period: 103.50 min. Replenishment of Globalstar MEO constellation..
- Globalstar M080 - .
Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Nation: USA.
Class: Communications.
Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Proteus.
USAF Sat Cat: 38041 . COSPAR: 2011-080B. Apogee: 926 km (575 mi). Perigee: 920 km (570 mi). Inclination: 52.00 deg. Period: 103.50 min.
- Globalstar M082 - .
Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Nation: USA.
Class: Communications.
Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Proteus.
USAF Sat Cat: 38042 . COSPAR: 2011-080C. Apogee: 926 km (575 mi). Perigee: 918 km (570 mi). Inclination: 52.00 deg. Period: 103.50 min.
- Globalstar M092 - .
Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Nation: USA.
Class: Communications.
Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Proteus.
USAF Sat Cat: 38043 . COSPAR: 2011-080D. Apogee: 926 km (575 mi). Perigee: 916 km (569 mi). Inclination: 52.00 deg. Period: 103.40 min.
- Globalstar M090 - .
Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Nation: USA.
Class: Communications.
Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Proteus.
USAF Sat Cat: 38044 . COSPAR: 2011-080E. Apogee: 926 km (575 mi). Perigee: 917 km (569 mi). Inclination: 52.00 deg. Period: 103.40 min.
- Globalstar M086 - .
Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Nation: USA.
Class: Communications.
Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Proteus.
USAF Sat Cat: 38045 . COSPAR: 2011-080F. Apogee: 926 km (575 mi). Perigee: 919 km (571 mi). Inclination: 52.00 deg. Period: 103.50 min.
2013 December 28 - .
12:30 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Plesetsk.
Launch Complex:
Plesetsk LC43/4.
LV Family:
R-7.
Launch Vehicle:
Soyuz-2-1V.
- Cosmos 2492 - .
Payload: SKRL-756 No. 1. Mass: 45 kg (99 lb). Nation: Russia.
Class: Science.
Type: Science satellite. Spacecraft: SKRL.
USAF Sat Cat: 39490 . COSPAR: 2013-078A. Apogee: 626 km (388 mi). Perigee: 597 km (370 mi). Inclination: 82.42 deg. Period: 96.92 min. Calibration sphere. Announced as 'SKRL-756 No. 1' at time of launch. First launch of a new rocket, the Soyuz-2-1V..
- Cosmos 2493 - .
Payload: SKRL-756 No. 2. Mass: 45 kg (99 lb). Nation: Russia.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft: SKRL.
USAF Sat Cat: 39491 . COSPAR: 2013-078B. Apogee: 625 km (388 mi). Perigee: 590 km (360 mi). Inclination: 82.42 deg. Period: 96.85 min. Calibration sphere. Announced as 'SKRL-756 No. 2' at time of launch..
- Aist 1 - .
Mass: 53 kg (116 lb). Nation: Russia.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Radar calibration target. Spacecraft: Aist.
USAF Sat Cat: 39492 . COSPAR: 2013-078C. Apogee: 626 km (388 mi). Perigee: 595 km (369 mi). Inclination: 82.42 deg. Period: 96.91 min. Small satellite developed by TsSKB-Progress and the Samara Aerospace University; carried a magnetometer, acclerometers and a micrometeor experiment..
2015 December 28 - .
16:04 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Xichang.
Launch Complex:
Xichang LC2.
LV Family:
CZ.
Launch Vehicle:
Chang Zheng 3B.
- GaoFen 4 - .
Nation: China.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Surveillance satellite. USAF Sat Cat: 41194 . COSPAR: 2015-083A. Apogee: 35,806 km (22,248 mi). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 23.00 deg. High resolution imaging satellite launched into geotransfer orbit. GF-4 has a 50-metre-resolution imager..
2016 December 28 - .
03:23 GMT - .
Launch Site:
Taiyuan.
LV Family:
CZ.
Launch Vehicle:
Chang Zheng 2D.
- Gaojing 1 - .
Payload: Superview-1 01. Nation: China.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Surveillance satellite. Spacecraft: CAST3000.
USAF Sat Cat: 41907 . COSPAR: 2016-083A. Apogee: 523 km (324 mi). Perigee: 212 km (131 mi). Inclination: 97.60 deg.
The first time the CZ-2D booster was flown from their southern launch site. However, the rocket appeared to have run into problems and achieved orbit with an underspeed of 100 m/s, making
a 212 x 520 km orbit instead of a circular 500 km one. The main payloads were Gaojing 1 and 2, two commercial high resolution (0.5m) imaging satellites also called SuperView 1 and 2. The satellites
were owned by Beijing Aerospace World View Information Technology Co., Ltd (also called Beijing Space View Tech Co.Ltd.); the US company DigitalGlobe was a major investor. 1030LT SSO
- Gaojing 2 - .
Payload: Superview-1 02. Nation: China.
Class: Surveillance.
Type: Surveillance satellite. Spacecraft: CAST3000.
USAF Sat Cat: 41908 . COSPAR: 2016-083B. Apogee: 523 km (324 mi). Perigee: 212 km (131 mi). Inclination: 97.60 deg. 1030LT SSO.
- BJ70-1 - .
Nation: China.
Class: Communications.
Type: Communications satellite. Spacecraft: Cubesat.
Decay Date: 2017-02-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 41909 . COSPAR: 2016-083C. Apogee: 523 km (324 mi). Perigee: 212 km (131 mi). Inclination: 97.60 deg. BY70-1, or Bayi kepu weixing 01 xing, a 2U cubesat with an amateur radio payload developed by high school students at the PLA-related Beijing Bayi School..
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