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Kourou

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Kourou
Credit: © Mark Wade

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AKA: Centre Spatial Guyanais;CSG. First Launch: 1968-04-09. Last Launch: 2014-08-22. Number: 449 . Location: French Guyana. Longitude: -52.77 deg. Latitude: 5.24 deg.

Four pads for sounding rockets were completed in 1968 and a Diamant pad in 1969. The Europa II launch complex was ready in 1971 but used for only one launch before that project collapsed. At the time of the last Diamant orbital launch in 1975, 184 sounding rocket and 9 orbital launches had been made from Kourou.

Operational activities nearly ceased for three years while a complete renovation of the center was undertaken to support the new European Ariane orbital launch vehicle. The Europa II launch complex was modified for use with the Ariane, and the first launch took place from the ELA-1 pad in December 1979. As the Ariane became more successful and the communications satellite launch market boomed, a decision was taken in 1981 to build a second orbital pad, ELA-2. This was completed in 1986 and used to support a high rate of Ariane 4 launches. The final addition was ELA-3 for the all-new Ariane 5 vehicle. This was begun in 1988 and took eight years to build. After the final Ariane 4 launch in 2003, ELA-1 and ELA-2 were decommissioned and ELA-4 remained the only active orbital pad.

Given its ideal location, over the years many proposals were made to build launch complexes for other orbital vehicles at Kourou. These included Russian Soyuz, Ukrainian Tsyklon, and Italian Vega proposals. As of 2008 the Soyuz launch complex, at a total original estimated expense of $ 371 million, was nearing completion. Work on the Vega pad was underway.

Minimum Inclination: 5.0 degrees. Maximum Inclination: 100.0 degrees.

Photo Gallery

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Kourou Location of Kourou Credit: © Mark Wade

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• FU-184 Sea recovery test - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi). FU184 Technology (sea recovery) mission..

• FU-185 X-ray astronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 185 km (114 mi). No recovery. FU185 Technology + X-ray astronomy / Stab mission..

• FU-181 test - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).

• FU-159 PERSEE? Ultraviolet astronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 162 km (100 mi). No recovery. FU159 UV astronomy / Stab mission..

• FU-159 Crab Nebula X-rays Ultraviolet astronomy / x-ray astronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 188 km (116 mi). No recovery. FU159 X-ray and UV astronomy / Stab mission..

• FU-170 CIRCE Ionosphere mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 107 km (66 mi). FU170 CIRCE, Mass spectrometry mission..

• Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

• FU-172 Solar EUV 1 Solar extreme ultraviolet mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 410 km (250 mi).

• FU-181B test flight test - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 406 km (252 mi).

• Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

• FU-187 test, A cone test - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 420 km (260 mi).

• FU-188 Technology test - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 410 km (250 mi).

• Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 67 km (41 mi).

• FU-187 test, B cone test - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 242 km (150 mi).

• FU-189 Star pt test - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 204 km (126 mi).

• Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 64 km (39 mi).

• DIAL-WIKA - . Payload: DIAL Wissenschaftliche Kapsel. Mass: 63 kg (138 lb). Nation: Germany. Agency: BMW, CNES. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: Dial WIKA. Decay Date: 1978-10-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 4344 . COSPAR: 1970-017A. Apogee: 1,631 km (1,013 mi). Perigee: 301 km (187 mi). Inclination: 5.40 deg. Period: 104.20 min. Engineering package..

• Dial MIKA - . Payload: DIAL Mini Kapsel/P068. Mass: 52 kg (114 lb). Nation: France. Agency: BMW, CNES. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: Dial MIKA. Decay Date: 1974-09-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 4345 . COSPAR: 1970-017B. Apogee: 1,638 km (1,017 mi). Perigee: 310 km (190 mi). Inclination: 5.40 deg. Period: 104.56 min. Engineering package; monitored launch vehicle performance. .

• FU-191 Range test - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 58 km (36 mi).

• Peole - . Mass: 70 kg (154 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Peole. Decay Date: 1980-06-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 4801 . COSPAR: 1970-109A. Apogee: 750 km (460 mi). Perigee: 634 km (393 mi). Inclination: 15.00 deg. Period: 98.60 min. Gathered data from meteorological balloon system. .

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 73 km (45 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 76 km (47 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 125 km (77 mi).

• Tournesol - . Payload: D-2A. Mass: 96 kg (211 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Class: Earth. Type: Geodetic satellite. Spacecraft: D. Decay Date: 1980-01-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 5128 . COSPAR: 1971-030A. Apogee: 696 km (432 mi). Perigee: 457 km (283 mi). Inclination: 46.30 deg. Period: 96.20 min.

• FU-203 recovery test - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 196 km (121 mi).

• GESAIR Biological/Geophysics mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi). FU194 GESAIR, Ionosphere + Biology mission..

• GESAIR Biological/Geophysics mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi). FU194 GESAIR, Ionosphere + Biology mission..

• CNES C133 Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

• PHARE (FU-196) Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 103 km (64 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 125 km (77 mi).

• CNES C132 Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

• CNES C146 Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 122 km (75 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 118 km (73 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 118 km (73 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 118 km (73 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 118 km (73 mi).

• ATLAS / CM16 / Gemini Ultraviolet astronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 205 km (127 mi).

• CNES C154 / ISRO 5.13? Recovery test - . Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

• Europa F-11 / STV 4 - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ELDO. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: STV 4. Decay Date: 1971-11-05 . Apogee: 27 km (16 mi).

• D-2A Polaire - . Payload: D-2A Polaire. Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Class: Earth. Type: Atmosphere satellite. Spacecraft: D.

• FU-208 CISASPE Ionosphere mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 227 km (141 mi). FU208 CISASPE, Ionosphere (active sounding) mission..

• EXAMETNET 35-13 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• FU-201 LPSP-EUV2 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-15 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

• FU-205 JANUS Ultraviolet astronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 213 km (132 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: UK. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: UK. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: UK. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: UK. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: UK. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: UK. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: UK. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: UK. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: UK. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: UK. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: UK. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: UK. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-16 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-17 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-18 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• FU-200 Solar ultraviolet Solar extreme ultraviolet mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). FU200 3SUV, UV solar astronomy / Ptr mission..

• EXAMETNET 35-19 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-20 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• Castor (D 5A) - . Payload: D 5A. Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: D. Decay Date: 1972-05-21 . COSPAR: F730521A.

• EXAMETNET 35-21 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-22 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-23 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-24 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• Datasonde - . Nation: France. Agency: NOAA. Apogee: 69 km (42 mi).

• DMN Sonde - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 73 km (45 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 77 km (47 mi).

• Datasonde - . Nation: France. Agency: NOAA. Apogee: 73 km (45 mi).

• DMN Sonde - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 74 km (45 mi).

• BMO Sonde - . Nation: France. Apogee: 50 km (31 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

• Datasonde - . Nation: France. Agency: NOAA. Apogee: 58 km (36 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

• BMO Sonde - . Nation: France. Apogee: 65 km (40 mi).

• Datasonde - . Nation: France. Agency: NOAA. Apogee: 74 km (45 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 68 km (42 mi).

• BMO Sonde - . Nation: France. Apogee: 69 km (42 mi).

• DMN Sonde - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 74 km (45 mi).

• Datasonde - . Nation: France. Agency: NOAA. Apogee: 70 km (43 mi).

• DMN Sonde - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 73 km (45 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 79 km (49 mi).

• Datasonde - . Nation: France. Agency: NOAA. Apogee: 74 km (45 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 78 km (48 mi).

• BMO Sonde - . Nation: France. Apogee: 70 km (43 mi).

• DMN Sonde - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 77 km (47 mi).

• Datasonde - . Nation: France. Agency: NOAA. Apogee: 70 km (43 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 77 km (47 mi).

• BMO Sonde - . Nation: France. Apogee: 70 km (43 mi).

• DMN Sonde - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 70 km (43 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 78 km (48 mi).

• BMO Sonde - . Nation: France. Apogee: 64 km (39 mi).

• DMN Sonde - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 70 km (43 mi).

• Datasonde - . Nation: France. Agency: NOAA. Apogee: 68 km (42 mi).

• Datasonde - . Nation: France. Agency: NOAA. Apogee: 67 km (41 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

• BMO Sonde - . Nation: France. Apogee: 65 km (40 mi).

• DMN Sonde - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 72 km (44 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

• BMO Sonde - . Nation: France. Apogee: 66 km (41 mi).

• DMN Sonde - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 73 km (45 mi).

• Datasonde - . Nation: France. Agency: NOAA. Apogee: 74 km (45 mi).

• Datasonde - . Nation: France. Agency: NOAA. Apogee: 73 km (45 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

• BMO Sonde - . Nation: France. Apogee: 70 km (43 mi).

• DMN Sonde - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 72 km (44 mi).

• Datasonde - . Nation: France. Agency: NOAA. Apogee: 73 km (45 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 78 km (48 mi).

• BMO Sonde - . Nation: France. Apogee: 88 km (54 mi).

• DMN Sonde - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 73 km (45 mi).

• Datasonde - . Nation: France. Agency: NOAA. Apogee: 73 km (45 mi).

• Nation: France. Agency: AN. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

• BMO Sonde - . Nation: France. Apogee: 53 km (32 mi).

• DMN Sonde - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 73 km (45 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-25 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-40 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• FU-201 (Solar EUV 2) Solar extreme ultraviolet mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-41 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-42 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-45 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-46 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-47 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-43B EOLE-ISENTROPE No. 2 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-44B - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-48 EOLE-ISENTROPE No. 3 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-49 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• DIURNAL PWN-11A Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA Wallops. Apogee: 73 km (45 mi).

• DIURNAL PWN-11A Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA Wallops. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• DIURNAL PWN-11A Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA Wallops. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• DIURNAL PWN-11A Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA Wallops. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• DIURNAL PWN-11A Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA Wallops. Apogee: 76 km (47 mi).

• DIURNAL PWN-11A Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA Wallops. Apogee: 74 km (45 mi).

• DIURNAL PWN-11A Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA Wallops. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• DIURNAL PWN-11A Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA Wallops. Apogee: 67 km (41 mi).

• DIURNAL PWN-11A Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA Wallops. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• DIURNAL PWN-11A Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA Wallops. Apogee: 77 km (47 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 83 km (51 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 89 km (55 mi).

• Temp. Profile - . Nation: France. Agency: WFC. Apogee: 70 km (43 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 119 km (73 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 121 km (75 mi).

• Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 89 km (55 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-50 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-51 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-52 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-53 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-54 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-55 EOLE-ISENTROPE No. 4 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-56 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• NO-II-1 Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Belgium. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

• NO-II-2 Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Belgium. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

• NO-II-3 Aeronomy mission - . Nation: Belgium. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-57 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-58 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-59 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-60 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• FAUST FU-214 Ultraviolet astronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 220 km (130 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-61 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• FAUST FU-215 Ultraviolet astronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 220 km (130 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-62 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-63 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-64 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-65 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-66 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-67 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• Starlette - . Payload: Starlette (BETA). Mass: 47 kg (103 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Class: Earth. Type: Geodetic satellite. Spacecraft: Starlette. USAF Sat Cat: 7646 . COSPAR: 1975-010A. Apogee: 1,108 km (688 mi). Perigee: 805 km (500 mi). Inclination: 49.80 deg. Period: 104.20 min. Geodesic satellite. .

• EXAMETNET 35-69 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-70 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-71 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-72 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-73 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-74 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-75 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• Pollux - . Payload: D-5A. Mass: 35 kg (77 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Class: Earth. Type: Geodetic satellite. Spacecraft: D. Decay Date: 1975-08-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 7801 . COSPAR: 1975-039A. Apogee: 1,256 km (780 mi). Perigee: 299 km (185 mi). Inclination: 30.00 deg. Period: 100.40 min.

  D5A: Weight 36 kg. Testing in space of a hydrazine catalytic decomposition micropropulsion unit. Responsible organization: Societe Europeene de Propulsion. D5B: Weight 76 kg. Testing in space of the CACTUS accelerometer (ultrasensitive triaxial capacitive accelerometric sensor). Responsible organization: ONERA, Chatillon-sous-Berneux, France.

• Castor - . Payload: D-5B. Mass: 77 kg (169 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Class: Earth. Type: Geodetic satellite. Spacecraft: D. Decay Date: 1979-02-18 . USAF Sat Cat: 7802 . COSPAR: 1975-039B. Apogee: 1,275 km (792 mi). Perigee: 277 km (172 mi). Inclination: 29.90 deg. Period: 100.30 min.

  D5A: Weight 36 kg. Testing in space of a hydrazine catalytic decomposition micropropulsion unit. Responsible organization: Societe Europeene de Propulsion. D5B: Weight 76 kg. Testing in space of the CACTUS accelerometer (ultrasensitive triaxial capacitive accelerometric sensor). Responsible organization: ONERA, Chatillon-sous-Berneux, France.

• EXAMETNET 35-77 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• FAUST Ultraviolet Astronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 172 km (106 mi). FU216 FAUST, UV astronomy / Stab mission..

• EXAMETNET 35-78 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-79 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-80 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-81 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• Aura - . Payload: D-2. Mass: 115 kg (253 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Class: Earth. Type: Geodetic satellite. Spacecraft: D. Decay Date: 1982-09-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 8332 . COSPAR: 1975-092A. Apogee: 697 km (433 mi). Perigee: 476 km (295 mi). Inclination: 37.10 deg. Period: 96.50 min.

  Solar UV radiation experiments. Study of solar and stellar ultraviolet radiation. 1. Spectral analysis of small and large sources located close to the plane of the ecliptic. Responsible organization: Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale, Traverse du Siphon, 13000- Marseille (France). 2. St udy of solar ultraviolet radiation and its absorption by the earth's atmosphere. Responsible organization: Laboratoire de Physique Stellaire et Planetaire, Meudon, France. Weight 106.6 kg.

• EXAMETNET 35-82 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-83 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-84 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-85 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-86 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-87 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-88 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-89 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-90 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-91 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-92 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-93 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-94 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-95 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-96 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-97 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• EXAMETNET 35-100 - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

• Ariane range test - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 350 km (210 mi).

• Ariane range test - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi).

• Ariane range test - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 350 km (210 mi).

• Ariane range test - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 350 km (210 mi).

• CAT 1 - . Payload: CAT 01. Mass: 1,602 kg (3,531 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: CAT. Decay Date: 1982-11-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 11645 . COSPAR: 1979-104A. Apogee: 14,047 km (8,728 mi). Perigee: 125 km (77 mi). Inclination: 17.80 deg. Period: 259.10 min.

  Launch vehicle test. Technological Capsule (CAT). ESA registration number: ESA/79/2. Principal mission of the technological capsule (with ballast), which was equipped with batteries having a lifetime of approximately 8 orbits, was to transmit back to earth technological data on the first developmental flight L01 of the ARIANE launch vehicle. When the batteries were exhausted, the capsule ended its radio transmissions, and it is now inoperative but still in orbit.

• Firewheel - . Payload: Feuerrad. Nation: France. Agency: ESA. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: Firewheel. Decay Date: 1980-05-23 .

• CAT - . Payload: CAT. Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Spacecraft: CAT.

• Feuerrad subsatellite 4 - . Payload: Feuerrad. Nation: France. Agency: ESA. Spacecraft: Firewheel.

• Amsat Phase 3A - . Payload: Amsat Phase 3A. Nation: USA. Agency: ESA. Program: Oscar. Spacecraft: Oscar. The satellite never obtained orbit. Weight 92.2 kg. Mode B (435 MHz uplink and 145 MHz downlink) transponder and 145 MHz beacon. VHF and UHF helix wide beam antenna..

• Feuerrad subsatellite 1 - . Payload: Feuerrad. Nation: France. Agency: ESA. Spacecraft: Firewheel.

• Feuerrad subsatellite 2 - . Payload: Feuerrad. Nation: France. Agency: ESA. Spacecraft: Firewheel.

• Feuerrad subsatellite 3 - . Payload: Feuerrad. Nation: France. Agency: ESA. Spacecraft: Firewheel.

• Meteosat 2 - . Mass: 697 kg (1,536 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Earth. Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft: Meteosat. Completed Operations Date: 1991-12-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 12544 . COSPAR: 1981-057A. Apogee: 36,329 km (22,573 mi). Perigee: 36,124 km (22,446 mi). Inclination: 11.10 deg. Period: 1,458.60 min.

  Meteosat 2 is a geostationary meteorological satellite, operating within the world wide network of the World Weather Watch of WMO. Its main missions are: Imaging in the visible, IR and water vapour region of the spectrum; data reception from so-called dat a collection platforms (DCPs); data distribution to meteorological services and other interested parties (research institutes etc). Launch time 1233:03 UT. Geostationary position 0 deg E. Designator ESA/81/03. As of 3 September 2001 located at 58.52 deg W drifting at 5.577 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 125.67W drifting at 5.583W degrees per day.

• Apple - . Mass: 1,170 kg (2,570 lb). Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Program: Insat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Insat 1. Completed Operations Date: 1983-09-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 12545 . COSPAR: 1981-057B. Apogee: 35,945 km (22,335 mi). Perigee: 35,752 km (22,215 mi). Inclination: 10.00 deg. Period: 1,439.30 min.

  Experimental communications satellite. Geosynchronous altitude, longitude 10 deg East. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 102 deg E in 1981-1982 As of 31 August 2001 located at 42.73 deg W drifting at 0.834 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 39.31E drifting at 0.875W degrees per day.

• CAT 3 - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: CAT. USAF Sat Cat: 12546 . COSPAR: 1981-057C. Apogee: 26,528 km (16,483 mi). Perigee: 261 km (162 mi). Inclination: 10.70 deg. Period: 461.20 min.

  Launch vehicle test payload. Technological capsule. ESA registration ESA/81/02. Launch time 1233:03 UT. The technological capsule, equipped with batteries for a lifetime of about six orbital revolutions, transmits to earth technological data about test flight L-03 of ARIANE. After di scharge of the battery the capsule will stop its transmissions and remain in orbit on inactive status. Frequency 136-138 MHz (transmission until 65h after launch only). Projected time of reentry 1986.

• Tech. capsule - . Payload: CAT/Thesee. Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: CAT. Decay Date: 1988-11-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 13025 . COSPAR: 1981-122C. Apogee: 36,051 km (22,401 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 10.60 deg. Period: 636.00 min.

  Ariane L-04 technological capsule, ESA designator ESA/81/04. The technological capsule, equipped with batteries for a lifetime of about 6 orbital revolutions (65h), transmits to earth technological data about test flight L-04 of Ariane. After discharge of the battery the capsule will stop its transmissions and remain in orbit in an inactive status. Frequency 136-138 MHz, projected time of reentry before 1990.

• MARECS 1 - . Payload: MARECS A. Mass: 582 kg (1,283 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Program: MARECS. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 1996-08-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 13010 . COSPAR: 1981-122A. Apogee: 37,858 km (23,523 mi). Perigee: 36,782 km (22,855 mi). Inclination: 10.80 deg. Period: 1,515.20 min.

  MARECS-A was a geostationary maritime communications satellite, which formed part of INMARSAT's world-wide maritime communications satellite network. MARECS-A moved to a new position on the geostationary orbit. Old position: 334E. New position: 22.5 E. The Marecs satellites were members of Inmarsat's first generation global maritime communications network. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 26 deg W in 1982-1986; 178 deg E in 1986-1991; 20 deg E in 1991-1992; 22 deg E in 1992-1996 As of 1 September 2001 located at 11.08 deg W drifting at 18.839 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 168.28W drifting at 18.837W degrees per day. Additional Details: here....

• CAT 4 - . Payload: MARECS 1 / CAT 4. Mass: 217 kg (478 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: CAT. USAF Sat Cat: 13011 . COSPAR: 1981-122B. Apogee: 30,744 km (19,103 mi). Perigee: 259 km (160 mi). Inclination: 10.40 deg. Period: 536.80 min. Launch vehicle test payload. .

• MARECS B - . Payload: MARECS B. Mass: 1,490 kg (3,280 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Program: MARECS. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Decay Date: 1982-09-10 . Marecs B intended for maritime communications, planned for lease to Inmarsat; launched with Sirio 2. Geosynch orbit..

• Sirio 2 - . Payload: Sirio 2. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Program: MARECS. Spacecraft: SIRIO.

• Eutelsat 1 - . Payload: ECS 1. Mass: 1,050 kg (2,310 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 1996-12-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 14128 . COSPAR: 1983-058A. Apogee: 36,246 km (22,522 mi). Perigee: 36,123 km (22,445 mi). Inclination: 9.20 deg. Period: 1,456.50 min.

  Designator ESA/83/4. Launch time 1159 GMT. Launch agency ESA. Geostationary position 10+/- 0.1 deg E. EUTELSAT 1 is a regional geostationary telecommunication Satellite for European countries. It is operated by the EUTELSAT organization. Frequency plan: 1 36-138 MHz (S-E). 148-149.9 MHz (E-S). 10.7-11.7 GHz (S-E). 14-14.5 GHz (E-S). Positions: Document Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1983; 13 deg E in 1983-1989; 16 deg E in 1989-1991; 25 deg E in 1992-1993; 48E1993-1996; 36 deg E in 1996 As of 31 August 2001 located at 12.27 deg W drifting at 5.043 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 109.78W drifting at 5.059W degrees per day.

• Oscar 10 - . Payload: Phase 3B. Mass: 70 kg (154 lb). Nation: Germany. Agency: AmSat. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Oscar. USAF Sat Cat: 14129 . COSPAR: 1983-058B. Apogee: 35,442 km (22,022 mi). Perigee: 4,007 km (2,489 mi). Inclination: 27.20 deg. Period: 699.50 min.

  AMSAT Oscar 10, registration no D-R 001. Scientific and communication satellite for the amateur radio service. Frequency plan: Transponder U: 435.1 MHz (uplink), 145.9 MHz (downlink), Bandwidth +/- 75 kHz. Transponder L: 1269.45 MHz (uplink), 436.55 MHz ( downlink), bandwidth +/- 400 kHz. Two beacons adjacent to passband. Launch vehicle Ariane L6. First amateur satellite with onboard propulsion (which did not function entirely correctly, due to collision with launch vehicle after separation - hence the not-quite-Molniya-orbit). Computer control failed December 1986 due to radiation damage to memory. As a result, ground control stations have no control over the spacecraft. However, when the orientation is favourable (with respect to the Earth and Sun), OSCAR 10 continues to provide good Mode B service. If users coorperate, OSCAR 10 may provide many more years of service. Project Management: AMSAT-NA (Jan King, W3GEY) and AMSAT-DL (Karl Meinzer, DJ4ZC). Spacecraft sub-systems: Contributed by groups in Canada, Hungary, Japan, United States and West Germany. Spacecraft: Spin Stabilised with Magnetorquers: Power: 50 W solar array, 2 NiCd batteries. Payload: Transponders/Beacons: Mode B: Type: Linear, inverting, 50W; General Beacon: 145.809 MHz (Carrier); Engineering Beacon: 145.987 MHz; Uplink: 435.030-435.180 MHz; Downlink: 145.975-145.825 MHz. Mode L (no longer operational): Type: Linear, inverting, 50W: Beacons: 436.020, 436.040 MHz; Uplink 1269.450 MHz (800 kHz); Downlink 436.550 MHz.

• Intelsat 5 F-7 - . Mass: 1,928 kg (4,250 lb). Nation: International. Agency: INTELSAT. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Intelsat 5. Completed Operations Date: 1996-07-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 14421 . COSPAR: 1983-105A. Apogee: 35,972 km (22,351 mi). Perigee: 35,928 km (22,324 mi). Inclination: 8.50 deg. Period: 1,444.50 min.

  Ariane third stage. Launched by European Space Agency. Launch time 0045:36 GMT. Launched spacecraft Intelsat V F7. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 60 deg E in 1984-1985; 66 deg E in 1985-1991; 57 deg E in 1991-1995; 47 deg E in 1995-1996 As of 28 August 2001 located at 140.34 deg E drifting at 2.062 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 88.83W drifting at 2.097W degrees per day.

• Intelsat 5 F-8 - . Mass: 1,928 kg (4,250 lb). Nation: International. Agency: INTELSAT. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Intelsat 5. Completed Operations Date: 1994-12-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 14786 . COSPAR: 1984-023A. Apogee: 36,755 km (22,838 mi). Perigee: 36,531 km (22,699 mi). Inclination: 8.20 deg. Period: 1,480.10 min. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 53 deg W in 1984-1985; 180 deg E in 1985-1994 As of 28 August 2001 located at 164.20 deg W drifting at 10.735 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 110.10E drifting at 10.740W degrees per day..

• Spacenet F1 - . Mass: 705 kg (1,554 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. USAF Sat Cat: 14985 . COSPAR: 1984-049A. Apogee: 35,897 km (22,305 mi). Perigee: 35,840 km (22,260 mi). Inclination: 4.90 deg. Period: 1,440.30 min.

  Stationed at 120 deg W. C, Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 120 deg W in 1984-1993; 115 deg E in 1993-on. As of 2 September 2001 located at 165.12 deg E drifting at 0.985 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 109.23W drifting at 1.077W degrees per day.

• Eutelsat 2 - . Payload: ECS 2. Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 1993-11-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 15158 . COSPAR: 1984-081A. Apogee: 36,248 km (22,523 mi). Perigee: 36,165 km (22,471 mi). Inclination: 3.00 deg. Period: 1,457.60 min.

  Stationed at 7 deg E. Launch time 1333 UT. Geostationary orbit position 10 +/- 0.1; afterwards 7 +/- 0.1 deg E. EUTELSAT 2 is a regional geostationary satellite for European countries. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1984; 7 deg E in 1984-1990; 2 deg E in 1991; 1 deg E in 1992-1993 As of 5 September 2001 located at 62.27 deg W drifting at 5.317 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 57.69E drifting at 5.323W degrees per day.

• Telecom 1A - . Mass: 690 kg (1,520 lb). Nation: France. Agency: France Telecom. Program: Telecom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 1992-09-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 15159 . COSPAR: 1984-081B. Apogee: 36,459 km (22,654 mi). Perigee: 36,179 km (22,480 mi). Inclination: 8.50 deg. Period: 1,463.40 min.

  Stationed at 8 deg W. Communications satellite. Registration France 1984-2.B (Telecom 1A) 1985-2.B (Telecom 1B). 1988-1-C (Telecom 1C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 8 deg W in 1984-1992 As of 4 September 2001 located at 142.83 deg W drifting at 6.735 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 11.08W drifting at 6.728W degrees per day.

• Spacenet F2 - . Mass: 705 kg (1,554 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Completed Operations Date: 1998-06-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 15385 . COSPAR: 1984-114A. Apogee: 35,962 km (22,345 mi). Perigee: 35,904 km (22,309 mi). Inclination: 4.20 deg. Period: 1,443.60 min.

  Stationed at 68 deg W. C, Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 69 deg W in 1984-1997; 115 deg E in 1997-1998 As of 5 September 2001 located at 65.20 deg E drifting at 1.887 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 64.76W drifting at 1.866W degrees per day.

• MARECS 2 - . Payload: MARECS B2. Mass: 563 kg (1,241 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Program: MARECS. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. USAF Sat Cat: 15386 . COSPAR: 1984-114B. Apogee: 37,544 km (23,328 mi). Perigee: 36,556 km (22,714 mi). Inclination: 9.90 deg. Period: 1,501.10 min.

  Stationed at 177.5 deg E; maritime communications; leased by Inmarsat. Geostationary position 177.5 deg E. MARECS PAC 1 is a geostationary maritime mobile communication satellite which will form part of the INMARSAT world-wide maritime communication satellite network. 1985 Jul 1. Move to a new position. Old position: 177.5E. New position: 345 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 177 deg E in 1984-1986; 26 deg W in 1986-1990; 55 deg W in 1990-1992; 15 deg W in 1992-1997; 26 deg W in 1997-on. As of 4 September 2001 located at 25.98 deg W drifting at 0.006 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 105.63W drifting at 15.647W degrees per day.

• Arabsat 1A - . Mass: 532 kg (1,172 lb). Nation: Arab States. Agency: Arabsat. Program: Arabsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. Completed Operations Date: 1992-07-31 . USAF Sat Cat: 15560 . COSPAR: 1985-015A. Apogee: 35,753 km (22,215 mi). Perigee: 35,724 km (22,197 mi). Inclination: 8.20 deg. Period: 1,433.70 min. Stationed at 19 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg E in 1985-1991 As of 27 August 2001 located at 76.76 deg E drifting at 0.635 deg E per day. As of 2007 Feb 28 located at 87.85E drifting at 0.629E degrees per day..

• Brasilsat A1 - . Mass: 671 kg (1,479 lb). Nation: Brazil. Agency: Telebras. Program: Brasilsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 15561 . COSPAR: 1985-015B. Apogee: 35,999 km (22,368 mi). Perigee: 35,983 km (22,358 mi). Inclination: 5.90 deg. Period: 1,446.60 min.

  Stationed at 65 deg W. Brazilsat 1 & 2 provide telecommunications services to Brazil. Canada's Spar Aerospace was awarded a $125 million contract to build, under license, two satellites based on Hughes' HS-376 design (similar to Anik D). Brazilsat 1 & 2 were the first two elements of Brazil's national Sistema Barasilero de Telecommunicacoes por Satelite (SBTS) network. Spacecraft: Based on Hughes HS-376, single antenna on despun platform, spin stabilised, hydrazine thrusters, body mounted solar cells provide 982 W BOL. Payload: 24 C-band transponders with 6 spares, 10 W TWTA, EIRP >34 dBW over most of Brazilian territory
  Financial/Operational:
  Contract issued in 1990 for 2 units HS-376W. B1-B2 have dedicated transponders for government use. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 65 deg W in 1985-1994; 63 deg W in 1994-1996; 79 deg W in 1996-1998; 144 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 143.96 deg W drifting at 0.005 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 145.69E drifting at 2.591W degrees per day.

• GStar 1 - . Mass: 705 kg (1,554 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Completed Operations Date: 1997-01-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 15677 . COSPAR: 1985-035A. Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Perigee: 35,783 km (22,234 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 103 deg W. Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 103 deg W in 1985-1996; 105 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 105.33 deg W drifting at 0.011 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 105.07W drifting at 0.006W degrees per day.

• Telecom 1B - . Mass: 690 kg (1,520 lb). Nation: France. Agency: France Telecom. Program: Telecom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 1988-01-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 15678 . COSPAR: 1985-035B. Apogee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Perigee: 35,764 km (22,222 mi). Inclination: 5.40 deg. Period: 1,435.50 min.

  Stationed at 5 deg W; business communications. Communications satellite. Registration France 1984-2.B (Telecom 1A) 1985-2.B (Telecom 1B). 1988-1-C (Telecom 1C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg W in 1985-1988 As of 3 September 2001 located at 4.82 deg E drifting at 0.111 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 86.72E drifting at 0.424E degrees per day.

• Giotto - . Mass: 583 kg (1,285 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Comet. Type: Comet probe. Spacecraft: Giotto. USAF Sat Cat: 15875 . COSPAR: 1985-056A. Apogee: 35,807 km (22,249 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 6.90 deg. Period: 631.51 min.

  Encountered comet Halley March 13, 1986. The Giotto mission was designed to study Comet P/Halley, and also studied Comet P/Grigg-Skjellerup during its extended mission. The spacecraft encountered Halley on March 13, 1986, at a distance of 0.89 AU from the sun and 0.98 AU from the Earth and an angle of 107 degrees from the comet-sun line. The actual closest approach was measured at 596 km. All experiments performed well and returned a wealth of new scientific results, of which perhaps the most important was the clear identification of the cometary nucleus. Fourteen seconds before closest approach, Giotto was hit by a `large' dust particle. The impact caused the spacecraft angular momentum vector to shift 0.9 degrees. Scientific data were received intermittently for the next 32 minutes. Some experiment sensors suffered damage during this 32-minute interval. Other experiments (the camera baffle and deflecting mirror, the dust detector sensors on the front sheet of the bumper shield, and most experiment apertures) were exposed to dust particles regardless of the accident and also suffered damage. Many of the sensors survived the encounter with little or no damage. Questionable or partially damaged sensors included the camera (later proved to not be functional) and one of the plasma analyzers (RPA). Inoperable experiments included the neutral and ion mass spectrometers and one sensor each on the dust detector and the other plasma analyzer (JPA). During the Giotto extended mission, the spacecraft successfully encountered Comet P/Grigg-Skjellerup on July 10, 1992. The closest approach was approximately 200 km. The heliocentric distance of the spacecraft was 1.01 AU, and the geocentric distance, 1.43 AU at the time of the encounter. The payload was switched-on in the evening of July 9. Eight experiments were operated and provided a surprising wealth of data. The Johnstone Plasma Analyser detected the first presence of cometary ions 600,000 km from the nucleus at 12 hours before the closest approach. The Dust Impact Detectors reported the first impact of a fairly large particle at 15:30:56. Bow shocks/waves and acceleration regions were also detected. After the P/Grigg-Skjellerup encounter operation were terminated on 23 July 1992. The spacecraft will fly by the Earth on 1 July 1999.

• Eutelsat 3 - . Payload: ECS 3. Mass: 1,490 kg (3,280 lb). Nation: France. Agency: Eutelsat. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Launched with Spacenet F3..

• Spacenet F3 - . Mass: 600 kg (1,320 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Arianespace. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000.

• SPOT 1 - . Payload: Spot 1 / Viking. Mass: 1,830 kg (4,030 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Program: SPOT. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft: SPOT-1-2-3. USAF Sat Cat: 16613 . COSPAR: 1986-019A. Apogee: 826 km (513 mi). Perigee: 824 km (512 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 101.40 min. Remote sensing satellite. Registration 1986-1.B.

• Viking - . Payload: Spot 1 / Viking. Mass: 538 kg (1,186 lb). Nation: Sweden. Agency: SSC. Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft: Viking (Sweden). USAF Sat Cat: 16614 . COSPAR: 1986-019B. Apogee: 13,524 km (8,403 mi). Perigee: 817 km (507 mi). Inclination: 98.80 deg. Period: 261.60 min.

  Studied magnetic, electric, UV properties of auroral regions. Scientific satellite for the investigation of space plasma physics in the part of the magnetosphere close to the Earth, particularly in connection with the auroral phenomena. The nominal mission period is eight months but an extension can be envisaged. ST /SG/SER.E/167: The satellite Viking has ceased to function on 12 May 1987 due to a gradual degradation of its electrical power supply system. The satellite remains, however, in Earth orbit.

• GStar 2 - . Payload: SBTS-2. Mass: 1,140 kg (2,510 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Completed Operations Date: 1997-08-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 16649 . COSPAR: 1986-026A. Apogee: 35,943 km (22,333 mi). Perigee: 35,902 km (22,308 mi). Inclination: 5.60 deg. Period: 1,443.10 min.

  Ku band communications satellite. Stationed at 70 degrees W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 105 deg W in 1986-1992; 125 deg W in 1992-1997 As of 5 September 2001 located at 148.11 deg W drifting at 1.728 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 2.39W drifting at 1.699W degrees per day.

• Brasilsat A2 - . Mass: 1,243 kg (2,740 lb). Nation: Brazil. Agency: Telebras. Manufacturer: El Segundo. Program: Brasilsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 16650 . COSPAR: 1986-026B. Apogee: 35,793 km (22,240 mi). Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 4.60 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 105 deg W. Brazilsat 1 & 2 provide telecommunications services to Brazil. Canada's Spar Aerospace was awarded a $125 million contract to build, under license, two satellites based on Hughes' HS-376 design (similar to Anik D). Brazilsat 1 & 2 were the first two elements of Brazil's national Sistema Barasilero de Telecommunicacoes por Satelite (SBTS) network. Spacecraft: Based on Hughes HS-376, single antenna on despun platform, spin stabilised, hydrazine thrusters, body mounted solar cells provide 982 W BOL. Payload: 24 C-band transponders with 6 spares, 10 W TWTA, EIRP >34 dBW over most of Brazilian territory
  Financial/Operational:
  Contract issued in 1990 for 2 units HS-376W. B1-B2 have dedicated transponders for government use. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 70 deg W in 1986-1995; 92 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 62.91 deg W drifting at 0.007 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 7 located at 32.58W drifting at 2.263W degrees per day.

• Intelsat-5A 14 - . Mass: 2,013 kg (4,437 lb). Nation: International. Agency: NOAA. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Intelsat 5. Spacecraft: Intelsat 5A. Decay Date: 1986-05-03 . Targeted for geosynch orbit..

• Aussat A3 - . Payload: Aussat K3. Mass: 1,195 kg (2,634 lb). Nation: Australia. Agency: Aussat. Program: Aussat. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 18350 . COSPAR: 1987-078A. Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  Australian domestic communications; 164 deg E. Communication satellite. Launching states: Australia and France. Longitude 164 deg E +/- 0.5. (orbit given is geocentric 42164 km, which corresponds to altitude 35787 km). The satellite mass was 655 kg at beginning of life for an Ariane mission only on-station after the apogee motor had fired and station acquisition fuel was expended. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 164 deg E in 1987-1993; 156 deg E in 1993-1995; 152 deg E in 1995-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 163.96 deg E drifting at 0.005 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 31.52E drifting at 0.011E degrees per day.

• Eutelsat I F4 - . Payload: ECS 4. Mass: 1,175 kg (2,590 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. USAF Sat Cat: 18351 . COSPAR: 1987-078B. Apogee: 35,813 km (22,253 mi). Perigee: 35,760 km (22,220 mi). Inclination: 6.70 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  European communications; 10 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1987-1988; 13 deg E in 1989-1991; 7 deg E in 1991-1993; 25 deg E in 1993-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 33.14 deg E drifting at 0.002 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 120.92E drifting at 5.702W degrees per day.

• TVSAT 1 - . Payload: TV-Sat 1. Mass: 2,077 kg (4,579 lb). Nation: Germany. Agency: Bundespost. Program: TVSAT. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Completed Operations Date: 1989-02-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 18570 . COSPAR: 1987-095A. Apogee: 36,151 km (22,463 mi). Perigee: 36,066 km (22,410 mi). Inclination: 4.30 deg. Period: 1,452.60 min.

  West German communications; solar panel failed to deploy making spacecraft unusable. Because of a malfunction of the solar generator, the satellite is being used only for technical tests. Geostationary position 19 W. Launch by Ariane-2 flight no. 20. Due to a malfunction of the solar generator, TV-SAT 1 was taken out of commission and sen t to a so-called parking orbit beyond the geostationary orbit. Semi-major axis 42485.605 km. Eccentricity 0.00116. Inc 0.716, Arg of perigee 216.66, RA 76.77, Mean anomaly 47.1 Mean drift -4.071 deg/day, E long 350.617, latitude -0.713. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 18 deg W in 1988 As of 5 September 2001 located at 76.53 deg W drifting at 4.886 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 169.62W drifting at 4.874W degrees per day.

• Spacenet F3R - . Payload: Spacenet 3R. Mass: 1,212 kg (2,672 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: France Telecom. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Completed Operations Date: 1999-12-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 18951 . COSPAR: 1988-018A. Apogee: 35,980 km (22,350 mi). Perigee: 35,935 km (22,328 mi). Inclination: 2.40 deg. Period: 1,444.90 min.

  US domestic communications; 87 deg W. C, Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 87 deg W in 1988-1997; 83 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 107.85 deg W drifting at 2.220 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 153.60E drifting at 2.179W degrees per day.

• Telecom 1C - . Mass: 1,210 kg (2,660 lb). Nation: France. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Telecom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. Completed Operations Date: 1996-03-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 18952 . COSPAR: 1988-018B. Apogee: 36,860 km (22,900 mi). Perigee: 36,037 km (22,392 mi). Inclination: 5.50 deg. Period: 1,470.10 min.

  French domestic communications; 5 deg E. Communications satellite. Registration France 1984-2.B (Telecom 1A) 1985-2.B (Telecom 1B). 1988-1-C (Telecom 1C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg W in 1988-1992; 3 deg E in 1992-1996 As of 5 September 2001 located at 109.19 deg W drifting at 8.404 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 34.65E drifting at 8.341W degrees per day.

• Intelsat 5A F-13 - . Mass: 2,013 kg (4,437 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Intelsat 5. Spacecraft: Intelsat 5A. USAF Sat Cat: 19121 . COSPAR: 1988-040A. Apogee: 35,800 km (22,200 mi). Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  Replaced Intelsat 5 F-3; 53 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 53 deg W in 1988-1995; 177 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 177.08 deg W drifting at 0.009 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 44.56W drifting at 6.109W degrees per day.

• Meteosat 3 - . Mass: 696 kg (1,534 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eumetsat. Class: Earth. Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft: Meteosat. Completed Operations Date: 1995-11-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 19215 . COSPAR: 1988-051A. Apogee: 36,766 km (22,845 mi). Perigee: 36,723 km (22,818 mi). Inclination: 7.50 deg. Period: 1,485.30 min.

  Stationed at 0 deg. Meteosat P2 is a geostationary meteorological satellite operating within the world wide network of the World Weather Watch of the World Meteorological Organization. Its main missions are: Imaging in the visible, IR and water vapour region of the spectrum; data reception from so-called Data Collection Platforms (DCPs); data distribution to meteorological services and other interested parties (research institutes, etc). Geostationary position 0 deg E. ESA designator ESA/88/02. Launch time 1119:33 UT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 1 deg E in 1988-1989; 49 deg W in 1989; 4 deg W in 1990-1991; 49 deg W in 1991-1993; 75 deg W in 1993-1995; 70 deg W in 1995 As of 5 September 2001 located at 175.17 deg W drifting at 11.970 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 140.75W drifting at 11.975W degrees per day.

• Panamsat 1 - . Payload: PAS 1. Mass: 1,220 kg (2,680 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Panamsat. Program: Panamsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: AS 3000. Spacecraft: ASC. USAF Sat Cat: 19217 . COSPAR: 1988-051C. Apogee: 36,043 km (22,396 mi). Perigee: 36,028 km (22,386 mi). Inclination: 1.20 deg. Period: 1,448.90 min. Stationed at 45 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 45 deg W in 1988-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 139.29 deg E drifting at 3.164 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 114.72W drifting at 3.187W degrees per day..

• Oscar 13 - . Payload: Phase 3C. Mass: 150 kg (330 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: AmSat. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Oscar. Decay Date: 1996-12-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 19216 . COSPAR: 1988-051B. Apogee: 37,995 km (23,608 mi). Perigee: 809 km (502 mi). Inclination: 57.90 deg. Period: 686.60 min.

  AMSAT-OSCAR 13 was launched by the first test flight of the Ariane 4 launcher. Size 600 x 40 x 200 mm. AO-13 was the third in a series of Phase-3 type high-altitude, elliptical orbit amateur communications satellites. It was built by an international team of radio amateurs led by Dr. Karl Meinzer of AMSAT-Germany. It carried four beacon transmitters and four linear transponders. AO-13 also contained a digital communications transponder called RUDAK-1. However attempts to get the experiment operating failed. Operational life span was 8 years. Careful analysis of AO-13's orbit in early 1990 by Victor Kudelka, OE2VKW revealed that resonant perturbations exist which lead the satellite into a negative perigee altitude. The perigee was down to 150 km by August 1996 which drastically increased atmospheric drag on the satellite until it reentered the Earth's atmosphere December 5, 1996.

• Insat 1C - . Mass: 1,190 kg (2,620 lb). Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Program: Insat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Insat 1. Completed Operations Date: 1989-12-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 19330 . COSPAR: 1988-063A. Apogee: 35,814 km (22,253 mi). Perigee: 35,755 km (22,217 mi). Inclination: 9.00 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min.

  Stationed at 93.5 deg E; also performed communications tasks. Operational multipurpose satellite for telecommunications, meteorological imaging and data relay, radio and television programme distribution and direct television broadcasting for community reception. Geosynchronous orbit longitude 93.5 +/- 0.1 deg east. Launch vehicle Ariane 3 launch vehicle of Arianespace, 24th flight of Ariane and 9th flight of the Ariane 3 version. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 93 deg E in 1988-1989 As of 4 September 2001 located at 58.51 deg E drifting at 0.073 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 80.89E drifting at 0.154W degrees per day.

• Eutelsat I F5 - . Payload: ECS 5. Mass: 1,185 kg (2,612 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 2000-07-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 19331 . COSPAR: 1988-063B. Apogee: 36,456 km (22,652 mi). Perigee: 36,321 km (22,568 mi). Inclination: 6.10 deg. Period: 1,466.90 min.

  European communications; 13 deg E. ECS-5/Eutelsat I F5 is a regional geostationary telecommunications satellite for European countries. It is operated by the EUTELSAT organization. Frequency plan 136-138 MHz (S-E), 148-149.9 MHz (E-S), 10.7-11.7 GHz (S-E), 14.0-14.5 GHz (E-S). Launch time 2334:00 UT. ESA designator ESA/88/03. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1989-1991; 21 deg E in 1991-1998; 12 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 48.15 deg E drifting at 7.596 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 102.26W drifting at 7.597W degrees per day.

• GStar 3 - . Mass: 1,270 kg (2,790 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Completed Operations Date: 1998-01-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 19483 . COSPAR: 1988-081A. Apogee: 35,806 km (22,248 mi). Perigee: 35,769 km (22,225 mi). Inclination: 5.30 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  AKM malfunctioned, but orbit achieved using on-board propulsion system. Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 93 deg W in 1989-1996; 105 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 105.39 deg W drifting at 0.005 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 105.31W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.

• SBS 5 - . Mass: 1,241 kg (2,735 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: STLC. Program: SBS. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. Completed Operations Date: 2000-03-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 19484 . COSPAR: 1988-081B. Apogee: 35,937 km (22,330 mi). Perigee: 35,909 km (22,312 mi). Inclination: 2.00 deg. Period: 1,443.10 min. Stationed at 122 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 123 deg W in 1988-2000 As of 5 September 2001 located at 22.98 deg E drifting at 1.728 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 147.52E drifting at 1.709W degrees per day..

• TDF-1 - . Payload: TDF 1. Mass: 2,136 kg (4,709 lb). Nation: France. Agency: France Telecom. Program: TDF. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Completed Operations Date: 1996-10-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 19621 . COSPAR: 1988-098A. Apogee: 36,129 km (22,449 mi). Perigee: 36,051 km (22,401 mi). Inclination: 4.80 deg. Period: 1,451.60 min.

  French DBS; 19 deg W. Direct broadcasting satellite. French registration: TDF-1, 1988-5-B. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg W in 1988-1996 As of 1 September 2001 located at 139.53 deg W drifting at 3.885 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 5 located at 16.35W drifting at 3.870W degrees per day.

• Skynet 4B - . Mass: 1,433 kg (3,159 lb). Nation: UK. Agency: MoD. Program: Skynet. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 1988-06-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 19687 . COSPAR: 1988-109A. Apogee: 35,967 km (22,348 mi). Perigee: 35,933 km (22,327 mi). Inclination: 7.50 deg. Period: 1,444.40 min.

  British military communications; 1 deg W. Military communications. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 1 deg W in 1989-1990; 53 deg E in 1990-1998 As of 4 September 2001 located at 60.05 deg E drifting at 2.136 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 126.32E drifting at 2.116W degrees per day.

• Astra 1A - . Mass: 1,780 kg (3,920 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: SES. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Astra. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 4000. USAF Sat Cat: 19688 . COSPAR: 1988-109B. Apogee: 35,803 km (22,246 mi). Perigee: 35,770 km (22,220 mi). Inclination: 0.80 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  European TV broadcast; 19.2 deg W. Astra 1A provides TV coverage to Western Europe. The satellite is owned and operated by Société Europíenne des Satellites (SES), a private company formed in 1985. Astra 1A is based in the GE 4000 series platform, and was the first in a network of four satellites. Spacecraft: GE 4000 platform.3-axis stabilisation with momentum wheels, magnetic torquers, Earth sensors and 16 blowdown monopropellant hydrazine thrusters. Solar arrays provide 2800 W BOL, 3 50 Ahr NiH batteries. GEO insertion by Star 37XFP solid rocket motor. Payload: 16 Ku-band transponders (with six spares) . Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg E in 1989-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 19.38 deg E drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 13.01E drifting at 6.968W degrees per day.

• Intelsat 5A F-15 - . Mass: 1,977 kg (4,358 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Intelsat 5. Spacecraft: Intelsat 5A. USAF Sat Cat: 19772 . COSPAR: 1989-006A. Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  International communications; 18 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 60 deg E in 1989-1992; 18 deg W in 1992-1996; 22 deg W in 1996-1997; 38 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 37.72 deg W drifting at 0.020 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 153.76E drifting at 4.192W degrees per day.

• JCSAT 1 - . Mass: 2,280 kg (5,020 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: JCSAT. Program: JCSAT. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 393. Completed Operations Date: 1998-08-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 19874 . COSPAR: 1989-020A. Apogee: 36,018 km (22,380 mi). Perigee: 35,971 km (22,351 mi). Inclination: 4.10 deg. Period: 1,446.80 min.

  Japanese domestic communications; 150 deg E. Domestic communication. Launching states: Japan, France, USA. Launch vehicle Ariane 29 (Ariane IV). Launching organization ARIANE SPACE. Launch time 1129 GMT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 150 deg E in 1989-1997; 148 deg E in 1997; 111 deg E in 1998 As of 31 August 2001 located at 19.12 deg E drifting at 2.653 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 63.05E drifting at 2.678W degrees per day.

• Meteosat 4 - . Payload: MOP 1. Mass: 681 kg (1,501 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eumetsat. Class: Earth. Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft: Meteosat. Completed Operations Date: 1995-11-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 19876 . COSPAR: 1989-020B. Apogee: 36,795 km (22,863 mi). Perigee: 36,600 km (22,700 mi). Inclination: 6.50 deg. Period: 1,482.90 min.

  Meteosat Operational Program; weather imaging, atmospheric data; 0 deg. Geostationary meteorological satellite, operating within the world-wide network of the World Weather Watch of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Its main missions are: imaging in the visible, infrared and water vapour region of the spectrum. Dat a reception from so called Data Collection Platforms (DCPs); data distribution to meteorological services and other interested parties (research institutes, etc). As of 4 September 2001 located at 98.34 deg W drifting at 11.393 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 21.37E drifting at 11.390W degrees per day.

• TELE-X - . Payload: Tele X. Mass: 2,142 kg (4,722 lb). Nation: Sweden. Agency: NSAB. Program: TELE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Completed Operations Date: 1998-01-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 19919 . COSPAR: 1989-027A. Apogee: 36,128 km (22,448 mi). Perigee: 36,061 km (22,407 mi). Inclination: 4.30 deg. Period: 1,451.80 min.

  TV, business communications for Nordic countries; 5 deg E. High power telecommunications satellite with a dual mission; direct TV broadcasting and data communications. Four active transponders with two redundant; power output 200 W per transponder. Coverage area - East Nordic coverage zone as defined by ITU (WARC -77). Mission period estimated to be 6 to 8 years. Position 5 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg E in 1989-1998 As of 28 August 2001 located at 138.62 deg W drifting at 3.929 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 132.37W drifting at 3.933W degrees per day.

• Superbird A - . Mass: 2,489 kg (5,487 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: SCC. Program: Superbird. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. Completed Operations Date: 1991-02-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 20040 . COSPAR: 1989-041A. Apogee: 35,944 km (22,334 mi). Perigee: 35,931 km (22,326 mi). Inclination: 2.50 deg. Period: 1,443.80 min.

  Japanese domestic business communications; 158 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 158 deg E in 1989-1990 As of 6 September 2001 located at 41.59 deg E drifting at 1.921 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 166.35W drifting at 1.878W degrees per day.

• DFS 1 - . Payload: Kopernikus 1. Mass: 1,416 kg (3,121 lb). Nation: Germany. Agency: Bundespost. Program: DFS. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. Completed Operations Date: 1996-01-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 20041 . COSPAR: 1989-041B. Apogee: 35,889 km (22,300 mi). Perigee: 35,683 km (22,172 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Multipurpose communications; 23.5 deg E. Communications satellite, position 23.5E, Ariane 4 flight no 20. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 23 deg E in 1989-1993; 33 deg E in 1993-1995 As of 5 September 2001 located at 90.12 deg E drifting at 1.435 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 41.93E drifting at 1.416E degrees per day.

• Olympus-1 - . Payload: Olympus F1. Mass: 2,595 kg (5,720 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Technology. Type: Communications technology satellite. Spacecraft: Olympus. Completed Operations Date: 1993-08-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 20122 . COSPAR: 1989-053A. Apogee: 35,817 km (22,255 mi). Perigee: 35,758 km (22,218 mi). Inclination: 1.20 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  Commsat technology demonstration;19 deg W. Olympus-1 is a multi-payload communications satellite for direct TV broadcast in the bands of the 1977 Geneva Plan of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) (including a national beam to Italy) plus communication transponde rs in the 14/12 GHz, 2nd 30/20 GHz bands. The latter are also used for a data relay experiment with ESA's EURECA satellite. Position on geostationary orbit 341 deg E. Launch time 0014:00 UT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg W in 1989-1991; 19 deg W in 1991-1993 As of 4 September 2001 located at 82.22 deg E drifting at 3.961 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 118.63E drifting at 3.947E degrees per day.

• TVSAT 2 - . Mass: 2,130 kg (4,690 lb). Nation: Germany. Agency: Bundespost. Program: TVSAT. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Completed Operations Date: 1999-09-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 20168 . COSPAR: 1989-062A. Apogee: 35,951 km (22,338 mi). Perigee: 35,863 km (22,284 mi). Inclination: 3.30 deg. Period: 1,442.20 min.

  TV services to West Germany; 19 deg W. Direct broadcasting satellite. Position 19 deg W. Ariane 4, flight no 33. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg W in 1989-1995; 1 deg W in 1995-1998; 12 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 31 August 2001 located at 29.41 deg W drifting at 1.503 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 150.44E drifting at 1.494W degrees per day.

• Hipparcos - . Mass: 1,130 kg (2,490 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Astronomy. Type: X-ray astronomy satellite. Spacecraft: Hipparcos. USAF Sat Cat: 20169 . COSPAR: 1989-062B. Apogee: 35,836 km (22,267 mi). Perigee: 542 km (336 mi). Inclination: 6.70 deg. Period: 638.70 min. Didn't reach GEO due to AKM failure; measured star positions. Scientific satellite for astrometry. Frequency plan 2054.25 /2241 MHz. Launch time 2325:53 UT. Designator ESA/89/03. .

• Intelsat 6A F-2 - . Payload: Intelsat 602. Mass: 4,215 kg (9,292 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 393. USAF Sat Cat: 20315 . COSPAR: 1989-087A. Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.70 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 24.5 deg E. At the time, the Intelsat 6 series were the largest commercial spacecraft ever built. The series were also the first commercial satellites to employ Satellite Switched/Time Division Multiple Access (SS/TDMA) techniques. Spacecraft: Based on Hughes 393 bus. Spin stabilised with despun antenna. Hydrazine propulsion system. Passive thermal control. Telescoping dual-cylinder structure with deployed antennas. Body mounted solar cells generate 2250 W (EOL). Solar drums are each about 6m tall. Payload: 38 (plus 12 backup) C-Band and 10 (plus 4 backup) Ku-Band transponders.120,000 telephone calls and 3 colour TV broadcasts simultaneously. SS/TDMA (Satellite-Switched Time Division Multiple Access) techniques used. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 37 deg W in 1989-1990; 24 deg W in 1990-1991; 55 deg E in 1991; 60 deg E in 1992; 63 deg E in 1992-1997; 62 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 29 August 2001 located at 62.02 deg E drifting at 0.018 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 150.55E drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.

• SPOT 2 - . Mass: 1,870 kg (4,120 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Program: SPOT. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft: SPOT-1-2-3. USAF Sat Cat: 20436 . COSPAR: 1990-005A. Apogee: 826 km (513 mi). Perigee: 825 km (512 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 101.40 min. Remote sensing. Earth observation satellite. Registration 1990-1-B..

• Oscar 17 - . Payload: Microsat 2. Mass: 12 kg (26 lb). Nation: Brazil. Agency: Arianespace. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Oscar. USAF Sat Cat: 20440 . COSPAR: 1990-005E. Apogee: 796 km (494 mi). Perigee: 780 km (480 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.60 min.

• Oscar 19 - . Payload: LuSat. Mass: 12 kg (26 lb). Nation: Argentina. Agency: Arianespace. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Oscar. USAF Sat Cat: 20442 . COSPAR: 1990-005G. Apogee: 797 km (495 mi). Perigee: 779 km (484 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.60 min. Carried CCD camera..

• Oscar 18 - . Payload: Webersat. Mass: 12 kg (26 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Weber. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Oscar. USAF Sat Cat: 20441 . COSPAR: 1990-005F. Apogee: 797 km (495 mi). Perigee: 780 km (480 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.60 min. Carried Earth imaging camera. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). .

• Oscar 15 - . Payload: UoSAT 4. Mass: 48 kg (105 lb). Nation: UK. Agency: Surrey. Manufacturer: Surrey. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-70. USAF Sat Cat: 20438 . COSPAR: 1990-005C. Apogee: 798 km (495 mi). Perigee: 784 km (487 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.70 min.

  Technology demonstration mission carrying transponder, solar cell, CCD camera technology experiments. Customer: University of Surrey/European Space Agency. Launched alongside UoSAT-3, the microsatellite operated perfectly for 2 days before a failure occured in the downlink. Owner/operator University of Surrey, Dept of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH. Box shaped 350 x 350 x 650 mm. Four solar panels and 6 m gravity gradient boom.

• Oscar 16 - . Payload: PACSAT. Mass: 12 kg (26 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Arianespace. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Oscar. USAF Sat Cat: 20439 . COSPAR: 1990-005D. Apogee: 797 km (495 mi). Perigee: 781 km (485 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.60 min. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). .

• Oscar 14 - . Payload: UoSAT 3. Mass: 46 kg (101 lb). Nation: UK. Agency: Surrey. Manufacturer: Surrey. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-70. USAF Sat Cat: 20437 . COSPAR: 1990-005B. Apogee: 797 km (495 mi). Perigee: 781 km (485 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.70 min.

  University of Surrey experimental satellite. The first of Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd's modular microsatellites. Launched on the Ariane ASAP; carried an operational store and forward communications payload with extensive radiation monitoring experiments for SatelLife and Data Trax Inc (USA). Still operational in 2000. Owner/operator University of Surrey, Dept of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH.

• Superbird B - . Mass: 2,492 kg (5,493 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: SCC. Program: Superbird. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. Decay Date: 1990-02-23 . Apogee: 9.00 km (5.50 mi). Launched with BS-2X. Targeted for Geosynch orbit..

• BS 2X - . Payload: BS 2X. Mass: 2,800 kg (6,100 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Arianespace. Program: BS. Spacecraft: HS 376. Apogee: 9.00 km (5.50 mi).

• TDF 2 - . Mass: 2,096 kg (4,620 lb). Nation: France. Agency: France Telecom. Program: TDF. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Completed Operations Date: 1999-05-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 20705 . COSPAR: 1990-063A. Apogee: 36,435 km (22,639 mi). Perigee: 36,085 km (22,422 mi). Inclination: 3.10 deg. Period: 1,460.40 min.

  French DBS; 19 deg W. Direct broadcasting satellite. Registration 1990-2-B. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg W in 1990-1997; 36 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 62.59 deg E drifting at 6.006 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 98.15W drifting at 5.991W degrees per day.

• DFS 2 - . Payload: Kopernikus 2. Mass: 1,418 kg (3,126 lb). Nation: Germany. Agency: Bundespost. Program: DFS. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. USAF Sat Cat: 20706 . COSPAR: 1990-063B. Apogee: 36,014 km (22,378 mi). Perigee: 35,965 km (22,347 mi). Inclination: 1.40 deg. Period: 1,446.50 min.

  West German DBS; 28.5 deg E. Communications satellite, position 28.5E Ariane 4 flight no 37. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 28 deg E in 1990-1999 As of 30 August 2001 located at 32.30 deg E drifting at 0.451 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 128.29W drifting at 2.623W degrees per day.

• Skynet 4C - . Mass: 1,463 kg (3,225 lb). Nation: UK. Agency: MoD. Program: Skynet. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. USAF Sat Cat: 20776 . COSPAR: 1990-079A. Apogee: 35,793 km (22,240 mi). Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 2.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  UK military communications; 1 deg W. United Kingdom military communications satellite. Owner/operator: UK Ministry of Defence. Expected operational life 10 years. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 1 deg W in 1990-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 0.97 deg W drifting at 0.002 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 1.27W drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.

• Eutelsat II F1 - . Mass: 1,878 kg (4,140 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. USAF Sat Cat: 20777 . COSPAR: 1990-079B. Apogee: 35,806 km (22,248 mi). Perigee: 35,769 km (22,225 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  Stationed at 13 deg E. Telecommunications satellite. Registered by France in ST/SG/SER.E/234 and 239 until EUTELSAT can register the satellite. EUTELSAT is the European Telecommunications Satellite Organization. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 13 deg E in 1990-1998; 48 deg E in 1999. As of 26 August 2001 located at 48.45 deg E drifting at 0.011 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 6.45E drifting at 3.328W degrees per day.

• SBS 6 - . Mass: 2,478 kg (5,463 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: HCI. Program: SBS. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 20872 . COSPAR: 1990-091A. Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 99 deg W. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 97 deg W in 1990; 99 deg W in 1991-1994; 95 deg W in 1994-1995; 74 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 74.05 deg W drifting at 0.010 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 74.06W drifting at 0.011W degrees per day.

• Galaxy 6 - . Payload: Westar 6S. Mass: 1,212 kg (2,672 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: HCI. Program: Galaxy. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 20873 . COSPAR: 1990-091B. Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Geostationary at 99 deg W. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 91 deg W in 1990-1991; 99 deg W in 1991-1993; 103 deg W in 1993-1994; 74 deg W in 1994-1998; 99 deg W in 1998-1999; 91 deg W in 2000.; 74 deg W in 2000. As of 5 September 2001 located at 73.96 deg W drifting at 0.015 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 14.62E drifting at 1.829W degrees per day.

• Satcom C1 - . Payload: Satcom C1. Mass: 1,169 kg (2,577 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GE Americom. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Satcom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. USAF Sat Cat: 20945 . COSPAR: 1990-100A. Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 137 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 137 deg W in 1990-1991; 139 deg W in 1991; 137 deg W in 1991-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 78.98 deg W drifting at 0.013 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 151.83E drifting at 3.912W degrees per day.

• GStar 4 - . Mass: 1,295 kg (2,854 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. USAF Sat Cat: 20946 . COSPAR: 1990-100B. Apogee: 35,790 km (22,230 mi). Perigee: 35,785 km (22,235 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 125 deg W. Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 125 deg W in 1990-1992; 105 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 6 September 2001 located at 104.95 deg W drifting at 0.005 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 74.47W drifting at 4.077W degrees per day.

• Italsat 1 - . Mass: 1,865 kg (4,111 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: ASI. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Italsat. USAF Sat Cat: 21055 . COSPAR: 1991-003A. Apogee: 35,919 km (22,318 mi). Perigee: 35,817 km (22,255 mi). Inclination: 4.20 deg. Period: 1,440.20 min.

  Experimental commsat; 13.2 deg E. ITALSAT is a body stabilized geostationary satellite and it is proposed to provide pre-operational domestic telecommunications services on the 20/30 GHz bands. Geographic longitude 13.2 deg E. Longitudinal tolerance +/- 0.1 deg. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 13 deg E in 1991-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 144.14 deg E drifting at 1.021 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 86.26E drifting at 1.156W degrees per day.

• Eutelsat II F2 - . Mass: 1,878 kg (4,140 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. USAF Sat Cat: 21056 . COSPAR: 1991-003B. Apogee: 35,814 km (22,253 mi). Perigee: 35,759 km (22,219 mi). Inclination: 2.20 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 10 deg E. Telecommunications satellite. Registered by France in ST/SG/SER.E/234 and 239 until EUTELSAT can register the satellite. EUTELSAT is the European Telecommunications Satellite Organization. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1991-1999 12 deg W in 1999-2000 As of 4 September 2001 located at 12.60 deg W drifting at 0.009 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 28.49E drifting at 4.801W degrees per day.

• Astra 1B - . Mass: 2,620 kg (5,770 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: SES. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Astra. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 5000. USAF Sat Cat: 21139 . COSPAR: 1991-015A. Apogee: 35,799 km (22,244 mi). Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 19.2 deg E; European coverage. Astra 1B provides TV coverage to Western Europe. The satellite is owned and operated by Société Europíenne des Satellites (SES), a private company formed in 1985. Astra 1B is the second in a network of four satellites. SES acquired Astra 1B from DBS Crimson Satellite Associates while still under construction by GE Astro Space (as Satcom K3). Astra 1B is colocated with Astra 1A, and doubled the number of channels provided by the Astra network. Spacecraft: GE 5000 platform.3-axis stabilisation with momentum wheels, magnetic torquers, Earth sensors and 20 blowdown monopropellant hydrazine thrusters. Solar arrays provide 4850 W BOL, 4 50 Ahr NiH batteries. GEO insertion provided by 2 500N bipropellant motors. Payload: 16 Ku-band transponders (with six spares) Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg E in 1991-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 19.20 deg E drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 92.40W drifting at 6.354W degrees per day.

• Meteosat 5 - . Payload: MOP 2. Mass: 681 kg (1,501 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Earth. Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft: Meteosat. USAF Sat Cat: 21140 . COSPAR: 1991-015B. Apogee: 35,765 km (22,223 mi). Perigee: 35,758 km (22,218 mi). Inclination: 0.30 deg. Period: 1,434.90 min.

  Earth imaging for weather, climatology, atmospheric physics; 4 deg E. Geostationary meteorological satellite, operating within the world-wide network of the World Weather Watch of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Its main missions are: imaging in the visible, infrared and water vapour region of the spectrum. Dat a reception from so called Data Collection Platforms (DCPs); data distribution to meteorological services and other interested parties (research institutes, etc). Launch time 2336:00 UT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 4 deg W in 1991; 1 deg W in 1991; 4 deg W in 1991-1992; 1 deg W in 1992; 8 deg W in 1993-1997; 9 deg W in 1997-1998; 63 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 62.77 deg E drifting at 0.000 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 1 located at 63.15E drifting at 0.006E degrees per day.

• Anik E2 - . Mass: 2,923 kg (6,444 lb). Nation: Canada. Agency: Telesat. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Anik. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 5000. USAF Sat Cat: 21222 . COSPAR: 1991-026A. Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Canadian communications; 107.3 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 107 deg W in 1991-1999 As of 6 September 2001 located at 111.10 deg W drifting at 0.003 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 123.15E drifting at 4.124W degrees per day..

• ERS 1 - . Mass: 2,384 kg (5,255 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Earth. Type: Civilian Radarsat. Spacecraft: ERS 1-2. USAF Sat Cat: 21574 . COSPAR: 1991-050A. Apogee: 775 km (481 mi). Perigee: 774 km (480 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.30 min.

  Microwave, IR imaging of oceans, ice and land; SAR. ERS-1 was an Earth exploration satellite, using active and passive sensors for oceanography etc. Frequency plan: 2048.85/2225 MHz (TTC), 7225.2960/8489 MHz (PRARE), 8040, 8140 MHz (data transmission). Launch time 0146:31 UT. Designator ESA/91/02.

• Tubsat-A - . Payload: Tubsat A. Mass: 38 kg (83 lb). Nation: Germany. Agency: Orbcomm. Program: Tubsat. Class: Technology. Type: Communications technology satellite. Spacecraft: Tubsat. USAF Sat Cat: 21577 . COSPAR: 1991-050D. Apogee: 772 km (479 mi). Perigee: 762 km (473 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.20 min.

  Tubsat-A was the first satellite built at Germany's Technical University of Berlin was intended primarily to test attitude control subsystems and give students practice in the design, construction and operation of a satellite. Tubsat-A was launched piggyback with the first ERS mission, and because of it's near polar orbit, the spacecraft became an important communications tool for arctic and Antarctic expeditions. The spacecraft also acted as a testbed for some industry technology including GaAs cells and a transputer. Payload: Star Sensor, Sun Sensor, 3-Axis Magnetic Field Sensor, Magnetorquer, Store & Forward Communication. Dimensions: 38x38x38 cm. Mass: 35 kg. Still in operation as of 2003.

• SARA - . Mass: 26 kg (57 lb). Nation: France. Agency: ESIEESPA. Class: Astronomy. Type: X-ray astronomy satellite. Spacecraft: SARA. USAF Sat Cat: 21578 . COSPAR: 1991-050E. Apogee: 764 km (474 mi). Perigee: 756 km (469 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.00 min. Satellite built by the ESIEES school in Paris to observe radio emissions from Jupiter..

• Orbcomm-X - . Payload: ERS 1 Orbcomm X. Mass: 22 kg (48 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: ESIEESPA. Class: Technology. Type: Communications technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: MicroStar. Spacecraft: Orbcomm. USAF Sat Cat: 21576 . COSPAR: 1991-050C. Apogee: 771 km (479 mi). Perigee: 764 km (474 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.20 min. Store and forward communication..

• Oscar 22 - . Payload: UoSAT 5. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: UK. Agency: TUB. Manufacturer: Surrey. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-70. USAF Sat Cat: 21575 . COSPAR: 1991-050B. Apogee: 772 km (479 mi). Perigee: 759 km (471 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.20 min. Customer: SateLife. Carried store and forward communications and Earth observation payloads, replacing those lost on UoSAT-4. Still operational in 2000..

• Intelsat 6 F-5 - . Payload: Intelsat 605. Mass: 4,296 kg (9,471 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 393. USAF Sat Cat: 21653 . COSPAR: 1991-055A. Apogee: 35,788 km (22,237 mi). Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  International communications; 14.5 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 24 deg W in 1991-1997; 27 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 27.48 deg W drifting at 0.015 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 174.03E drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.

• Anik E1 - . Mass: 2,977 kg (6,563 lb). Nation: Canada. Agency: Telesat. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Anik. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 5000. USAF Sat Cat: 21726 . COSPAR: 1991-067A. Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 111.1 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 111 deg W in 1991-1999 As of 6 September 2001 located at 118.68 deg W drifting at 0.000 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 31.37E drifting at 3.973W degrees per day..

• Intelsat 6A F-1 - . Payload: Intelsat 601. Mass: 4,330 kg (9,540 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 393. USAF Sat Cat: 21765 . COSPAR: 1991-075A. Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  International communications; 27.5 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 27 deg W in 1992-1997; 34 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 34.48 deg W drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 63.65E drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.

• Telecom 2A - . Mass: 2,275 kg (5,015 lb). Nation: France. Agency: France Telecom. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Telecom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 21813 . COSPAR: 1991-084A. Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  French communications; 3 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 3 deg E in 1992; 8 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 8.05 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 111.59E drifting at 4.763W degrees per day.

• Inmarsat 2 F3 - . Mass: 1,310 kg (2,880 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Inmarsat. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Inmarsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 1000. USAF Sat Cat: 21814 . COSPAR: 1991-084B. Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 1.40 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Global maritime and mobile communications; 178 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 178 deg E in 1992-1997; 65 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 29 August 2001 located at 65.01 deg E drifting at 0.003 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 155.28W drifting at 15.158W degrees per day.

• Superbird B1 - . Mass: 2,560 kg (5,640 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: SCC. Program: Superbird. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 21893 . COSPAR: 1992-010A. Apogee: 36,206 km (22,497 mi). Perigee: 36,057 km (22,404 mi). Inclination: 0.90 deg. Period: 1,453.80 min.

  Stationed at 162 deg E. Domestic communications. Launching organization Arianespace. Launch time 2358 GMT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 162 deg E in 1992-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 19.90 deg W drifting at 4.382 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 164.51E drifting at 4.378W degrees per day.

• Arabsat 1C - . Mass: 1,310 kg (2,880 lb). Nation: Arab States. Agency: Arabsat. Program: Arabsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. USAF Sat Cat: 21894 . COSPAR: 1992-010B. Apogee: 35,808 km (22,250 mi). Perigee: 35,763 km (22,222 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 31 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 31 deg E in 1992-1997; 55 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 55.07 deg E drifting at 0.005 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 172.70E drifting at 5.710W degrees per day.

• Telecom 2B - . Mass: 2,200 kg (4,800 lb). Nation: France. Agency: France Telecom. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Telecom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 21939 . COSPAR: 1992-021A. Apogee: 35,804 km (22,247 mi). Perigee: 35,769 km (22,225 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 3 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 24.98 deg E drifting at 0.634 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 77.10W drifting at 2.683W degrees per day..

• Inmarsat 2 F4 - . Mass: 1,385 kg (3,053 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Inmarsat. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Inmarsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 1000. USAF Sat Cat: 21940 . COSPAR: 1992-021B. Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 2.40 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  Stationed at 55 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 54 deg W in 1992-1997; 17 deg W in 1997-1999; DRIFT As of 4 September 2001 located at 109.00 deg E drifting at 0.022 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 108.99E drifting at 0.020W degrees per day.

• Insat 2A - . Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Program: Insat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Insat 2. USAF Sat Cat: 22027 . COSPAR: 1992-041A. Apogee: 35,839 km (22,269 mi). Perigee: 35,788 km (22,237 mi). Inclination: 4.10 deg. Period: 1,437.50 min.

  Stationed at 74 deg E; also performed communications functions. INSAT-2A is a multi-purpose satellite, and it will provide the following services: Domestic long-distance telecommunications, meteorological earth observation and data collection services, direct satellite TV broadcasting to community TV receivers in rura l and remote areas, radio and TV progamme distribution, and Satellite Aided Search and Rescue services. Geostationary longitude 74 +/0 0.1 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 74 deg E in 1992-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 48.18 deg E drifting at 0.010 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 5 located at 25.76W drifting at 0.201W degrees per day.

• Eutelsat II F4 - . Mass: 1,877 kg (4,138 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. USAF Sat Cat: 22028 . COSPAR: 1992-041B. Apogee: 35,841 km (22,270 mi). Perigee: 35,806 km (22,248 mi). Inclination: 1.20 deg. Period: 1,438.00 min. Stationed at 7 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 7 deg E in 1992-1999; 10 deg E in 1999. As of 3 September 2001 located at 25.62 deg E drifting at 0.019 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 120.18E drifting at 4.301W degrees per day..

• Topex/Poseidon - . Mass: 2,402 kg (5,295 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES, JPL. Class: Earth. Type: Sea satellite. Spacecraft Bus: MMS. Spacecraft: Topex/Poseidon. USAF Sat Cat: 22076 . COSPAR: 1992-052A. Apogee: 1,344 km (835 mi). Perigee: 1,331 km (827 mi). Inclination: 66.00 deg. Period: 112.40 min. Ocean sensing, mapping. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B)..

• S80/T - . Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Manufacturer: Surrey. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-70. USAF Sat Cat: 22078 . COSPAR: 1992-052C. Apogee: 1,322 km (821 mi). Perigee: 1,308 km (812 mi). Inclination: 66.10 deg. Period: 111.90 min.

  An industrial research microsatellite built by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL) for Matra and CNES to carry out 'Little LEO' communications service experiments. Still operational in 2000. S80/T was designed to investigate the technical feasibility of using a constellation of small satellites placed in near-Earth orbit to provide global communications and position location using only hand-held terminals. S80/T was the first fully commercial application of the SSTL multi-mission, modular microsatellite platform developed at the University of Surrey. The same basic platform was also used for the Korean KITSAT-A microsatellite, which accompanied S80/T into orbit on the same launch. The S80/T mission was completed, from concept to launch, within one year and SSTL delivered the platform, associated groundstation equipment and would be providing operations support during the mission within a contract of less than £1M.

• Oscar 23 - . Payload: Kitsat-A. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: Korea South. Agency: KAIST. Manufacturer: Surrey. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-70. USAF Sat Cat: 22077 . COSPAR: 1992-052B. Apogee: 1,322 km (821 mi). Perigee: 1,310 km (810 mi). Inclination: 66.10 deg. Period: 111.90 min. Korean's first satellite achieved via a technology transfer programme with Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. Carried store and forward communications, DSP and Earth observation payloads. Still operational in 2000..

• Hispasat 1A - . Mass: 2,194 kg (4,836 lb). Nation: Spain. Agency: Hispasat. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Hispasat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 22116 . COSPAR: 1992-060A. Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. Stationed at 30 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 30 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 29.99 deg W drifting at 0.013 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 83.37E drifting at 3.458W degrees per day..

• Satcom C3 - . Mass: 1,375 kg (3,031 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GE Americom. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Satcom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. USAF Sat Cat: 22117 . COSPAR: 1992-060B. Apogee: 35,789 km (22,238 mi). Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 131 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 143 deg W in 1992; 131 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 130.93 deg W drifting at 0.000 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 79.06W drifting at 0.008W degrees per day..

• Galaxy 7 - . Mass: 2,968 kg (6,543 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: HCI. Program: Galaxy. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. Duration: 2,947.00 days. USAF Sat Cat: 22205 . COSPAR: 1992-072A. Apogee: 35,968 km (22,349 mi). Perigee: 35,917 km (22,317 mi). Inclination: 1.50 deg. Period: 1,444.10 min.

  Geostationary at 91 deg W. The Galaxy 7 satellite failed on November 22, 2000, the third such satellite to fall victim to a design flaw in the on-board computers. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 91 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 32.55 deg E drifting at 2.022 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 141.47W drifting at 2.077W degrees per day.

• Superbird A1 - . Mass: 2,780 kg (6,120 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: SCC. Program: Superbird. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 22253 . COSPAR: 1992-084A. Apogee: 35,800 km (22,200 mi). Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 158 deg E. Domestic communications. Launching states: Japan and France. Launch time 2248 GMT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 158 deg E in 1993-1999 As of 31 August 2001 located at 157.95 deg E drifting at 0.011 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 158.03E drifting at 0.006W degrees per day.

• Astra 1C - . Mass: 2,790 kg (6,150 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: SES. Program: Astra. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 22653 . COSPAR: 1993-031A. Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 1.2 deg E. TV distribution services to Western Europe and the Canary Islands under franchise from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Contracted and controlled by the private company formed in 1985 called Société Europíenne des Satellites (SES). This is the third in a series of 4 medium power satellites, and will act primarily as Astra 1A's backup. Spacecraft: HS-601 platform.3-axis unified ARC 22 N and one Marquardt 490 N bipropellant thrusters, Sun and Barnes Earth sensors and two 61 Nms 2-axis gimballed momentum bias wheels.1658 kg nitrogen tetroxide & MMH in four spheres. Spin-stabilised in transfer orbit. Twin solar wings of three 2.16 x 2.54 m panels carrying large area silicon cells on Kevlar substrate to satisfy 3.3 kW requirement. Eclipse protection provided by Nickel hydrogen batteries. Payload: 18 eclipse protected transponders, plus six spares with 63W TWTA 10.95-11.200 Ghz down Ku-band European beams in 250 Mhz band adjacent (below) to Astra 1A, 26 Mhz bandwidth, eirp 50 dBW min, orthogonal polarisation, operating in the FSS range Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg E in 1993-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 19.21 deg E drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 4.54E drifting at 0.051E degrees per day.

• Oscar 29 - . Payload: Arsene. Mass: 154 kg (339 lb). Nation: France. Agency: RACE. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Oscar. USAF Sat Cat: 22654 . COSPAR: 1993-031B. Apogee: 36,582 km (22,730 mi). Perigee: 17,469 km (10,854 mi). Inclination: 5.30 deg. Period: 1,012.60 min. Operated by Radio Amateur Club de LeSpace..

• Galaxy 4 - . Payload: Galaxy 4H. Mass: 2,988 kg (6,587 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: HCI. Program: Galaxy. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 22694 . COSPAR: 1993-039A. Apogee: 35,829 km (22,263 mi). Perigee: 35,743 km (22,209 mi). Inclination: 3.40 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Geostationary at 99 deg W. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 99 deg W in 1993-1998 As of 6 September 2001 located at 76.26 deg E drifting at 0.041 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 77.40E drifting at 0.010E degrees per day.

• Hispasat-1B - . Mass: 2,120 kg (4,670 lb). Nation: Spain. Agency: Hispasat. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Hispasat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 22723 . COSPAR: 1993-048A. Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 30 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 30 deg W in 1993-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 30.13 deg W drifting at 0.024 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 157.75E drifting at 1.953W degrees per day..

• Insat 2B - . Mass: 1,931 kg (4,257 lb). Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Program: Insat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Insat 2. USAF Sat Cat: 22724 . COSPAR: 1993-048B. Apogee: 35,802 km (22,246 mi). Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  Stationed at 93.5 deg E; also acted as communications platform; carried search and rescue package. INSAT-2B is a multi-purpose satellite, and it will provide the following services: Domestic long range communications, meteorological Earth observation and data collection service, Direct satellite TV broadcasting to community TV recievers in rural and re mote areas, Radio and TV programme distribution, satellite aided search and rescue services. Inclination will be reduced to 0.1 deg and maintained. Geostationary longitude 93.5 +/- 0.1 deg E. Launch on Arianespace flight 58. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 93 deg E in 1993-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 93.47 deg E drifting at 0.015 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 63.82W drifting at 1.099W degrees per day.

• SPOT 3 - . Payload: Spot 3. Mass: 1,907 kg (4,204 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Program: SPOT. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft: SPOT-1-2-3. USAF Sat Cat: 22823 . COSPAR: 1993-061A. Apogee: 823 km (511 mi). Perigee: 821 km (510 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 101.30 min. Remote sensing..

• Healthsat 2 - . Mass: 48 kg (105 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Satelife. Manufacturer: Surrey. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-70. USAF Sat Cat: 22827 . COSPAR: 1993-061E. Apogee: 803 km (498 mi). Perigee: 789 km (490 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 100.80 min.

  Customer: SateLife. Store and forward communications satellite operating in the SatelLife 'HealthNet' LEO satellite communications network for remote regions. Still operational as of 2000.

  Healthsat - II joined UoSAT-3/HealthSat-I as the second microsatellite in the HealthNet global communications system of SatelLife, a U.S. not-for-profit organisation. HealthNet, which was licensed in eighteen countries in Africa and Latin America, was providing desperately needed low cost 'last mile' communication links between medical institutions and health programmes in the developing world.

  The HealthSat-II mission was completed, from concept to launch, within one year. SSTL were responsible for all the programmatic aspects of the mission including procuring the launch slot on the Ariane ASAP and arranging suitable insurance for the launch and early commissioning phase - all within a total contract price of £1M. Additional Details: here....

• Stella - . Payload: Stella. Mass: 48 kg (105 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Class: Earth. Type: Geodetic satellite. Spacecraft: STELLA. USAF Sat Cat: 22824 . COSPAR: 1993-061B. Apogee: 805 km (500 mi). Perigee: 797 km (495 mi). Inclination: 98.30 deg. Period: 100.90 min. Laser reflectors..

• ITAMsat - . Payload: Oscar 26. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: AmSat. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Oscar. USAF Sat Cat: 22828 . COSPAR: 1993-061F. Apogee: 802 km (498 mi). Perigee: 789 km (490 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 100.80 min. ITAMsat was built by AMSAT-ITALY. Its mission was to store and forward amateur radio messages..

• Eyesat 1 - . Payload: Oscar 27. Mass: 12 kg (26 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Interfer. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Oscar. USAF Sat Cat: 22829 . COSPAR: 1993-061G. Apogee: 803 km (498 mi). Perigee: 790 km (490 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 100.80 min.

  Experimental Interferometric Microsatellite built by Interferometrics Inc, of Chantilly, Virginia. The satellite was also equipped with amateur radio equipment, constructed by AMRAD, a non-profit organization of radio amateurs, to conduct digital satellite communications experiments. The Amrad-Oscar-27 payload was an 'FM Repeater', consisting of a crystal controlled FM receiver operation at 145.850 MHz and a crystal controlled FM transmitter operating at approximately 436.795 MHz. Output power of the transmitter was normally 0.5 watts. Because of the satellite's limited power budget the amateur transmitter was on for only part of the daylight portion of each orbit. As of September 1998, the satellite passed its five year design goal.

• Kitsat-2 - . Payload: Oscar 25. Mass: 49 kg (108 lb). Nation: Korea South. Agency: KAIST. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Kitsat. USAF Sat Cat: 22825 . COSPAR: 1993-061C. Apogee: 801 km (497 mi). Perigee: 790 km (490 mi). Inclination: 98.30 deg. Period: 100.80 min.

  KITSAT-OSCAR 25 was a South Korean experimental microsatellite based on the SSTL UoSAT bus built by the Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). KO-25 was operated from The Satellite Technology Research Center (SaTReC) in South Korea. KO-25's mission was to take CCD pictures, process numerical information, measure radiation, and receive and forward messages. The Infrared Sensor Experiment (IREX) was designed to acquire I/V characteristics of IR sensors. A passive cooling structure was devised for this experiment. KO-25 was eventually operated purely as a packet store-and-forward satellite.

• Posat 1 - . Payload: Oscar 28. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: Portugal. Agency: INETI. Manufacturer: Surrey. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-70. USAF Sat Cat: 22826 . COSPAR: 1993-061D. Apogee: 801 km (497 mi). Perigee: 789 km (490 mi). Inclination: 98.30 deg. Period: 100.80 min. Portugal's first satellite achieved through a technology transfer programme with Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. Carried store and forward, DSP communications, GPS and Earth observation payloads. Still operational in 2000.. Additional Details: here....

• Intelsat 701 - . Payload: Intelsat 7 F 1. Mass: 3,650 kg (8,040 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 22871 . COSPAR: 1993-066A. Apogee: 35,802 km (22,246 mi). Perigee: 35,769 km (22,225 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  International communications. The Intelsat 7 and 7A series were nearly identical except for an increase in the number of Ku-band transponders in the 7A series. Spacecraft: 3-axis stabilised. Hydrazine propulsion system. Two large solar panels with 1-axis articulation provide 3900W BOL. Payload: 7: 26 C-Band and 10 Ku-Band transponders.18,000 telephone calls and 3 colour TV broadcasts simultaneously. Or up to 90,000 telephone circuits using digital circuit multiplication equipment (DCME).7A: 26 C-Band and 14 Ku-Band transponders.22,500 telephone calls and 3 colour TV broadcasts simultaneously. Or up to 112,500 telephone circuits using DCME. Three independently steerable, high-powered, Ku-band spot beams. Independently steerable C-band spot beam coverage. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 121 deg E in 1993; 174 deg E in 1994-1997; 180 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 6 September 2001 located at 179.91 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 179.97W drifting at 0.001E degrees per day.

• Solidaridad 1 - . Mass: 2,776 kg (6,120 lb). Nation: Mexico. Agency: Tele Mex. Program: Morelos. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 22911 . COSPAR: 1993-073A. Apogee: 35,811 km (22,251 mi). Perigee: 35,766 km (22,223 mi). Inclination: 1.50 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. Stationed at 109.2 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 109 deg W in 1993-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 101.71 deg W drifting at 0.010 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 102.54W drifting at 0.027W degrees per day..

• Meteosat 6 - . Payload: MOP 3. Mass: 704 kg (1,552 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Earth. Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft: Meteosat. USAF Sat Cat: 22912 . COSPAR: 1993-073B. Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 2.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 0 deg. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg W in 1994-1997; deg W in 1997-1998; 9 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 9.14 deg W drifting at 0.012 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 36.89E drifting at 0.610E degrees per day.

• DBS 1 - . Mass: 2,860 kg (6,300 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: DirecTV. Program: DirecTV. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 22930 . COSPAR: 1993-078A. Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,775 km (22,229 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 101.2 deg W. DirecTV, Inc. is a subsidiary of Hughes Communications and offers commercial satellite television service to the US. The orbital part of the system consists of 3 Hughes-built geosynchronous satellites. Broadcast services began in mid-1994. Competitors include the similar Primestar and USSB services, as well as older C-band satellite services and cable TV companies. Spacecraft: DirecTV uses the Hughes HS-601 spacecraft design.3-Axis stabilised, zero momentum biased control system. Two solar arrays (4 panels each side) span 31 meters and generate 4.3 kW power. Payload: The 2.5 m diameter graphite transmit reflector performs beam shaping.16 x 120 watt Ka-Band (12.2 - 12.7 GHz) transponders with 48-53 dBw EIRP and 24 MHz bandwidth. Power is higher in areas with heavy rain. The high power combined with Reed Solomon error correction coding allow the use of small 18 inch antennas by customers.
  Financial/Operational:
  FCC approved Direct Broadcast Satellites in 1986. By 1997 DirecTV had 2.6 million of 5.0 million US direct broadcast television subscribers. Direct Broadcast Satellites cost $ 175 million each and have 150 video channels. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 101 deg W in 1994-1999; 110 deg W in 1999-2000 As of 6 September 2001 located at 109.78 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 72.51W drifting at 0.011W degrees per day.

• Thaicom - . Mass: 1,080 kg (2,380 lb). Nation: Thailand. Agency: Shinawat. Program: Thaicom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 22931 . COSPAR: 1993-078B. Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Perigee: 35,783 km (22,234 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 78 deg E in 1994-1997; 120 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 120.00 deg E drifting at 0.017 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 119.92E drifting at 0.025W degrees per day..

• Eutelsat II F5 - . Mass: 1,880 kg (4,140 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. Decay Date: 1994-01-24 . Launched with Turksat 1..

• Turksat 1A - . Payload: Turksat 1A. Mass: 1,890 kg (4,160 lb). Nation: Turkey. Agency: Arianespace. Program: Turksat. Spacecraft: Spacebus 2000.

• Intelsat 702 - . Mass: 3,695 kg (8,146 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 23124 . COSPAR: 1994-034A. Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.0200 deg. Period: 1,436.07 min.

  Stationed at 1.03 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 38 deg W in 1994; 1 deg W in 1994-1996; 177 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 175.99 deg E drifting at 0.001 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 54.82E drifting at 0.001E degrees per day.

• STRV-1B - . Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: UK. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: STRV. USAF Sat Cat: 23125 . COSPAR: 1994-034B. Apogee: 31,817 km (19,770 mi). Perigee: 278 km (172 mi). Inclination: 7.50 deg. Period: 557.00 min. 50 cm cube; Space Technology and Research Vehicle; included solar cell tests..

• STRV-1A - . Mass: 53 kg (116 lb). Nation: UK. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: STRV. USAF Sat Cat: 23126 . COSPAR: 1994-034C. Apogee: 31,321 km (19,461 mi). Perigee: 273 km (169 mi). Inclination: 7.40 deg. Period: 547.70 min. 50 cm cube; Space Technology and Research Vehicle; included solar cell tests..

• Panamsat 2 - . Payload: PAS K1. Mass: 2,290 kg (5,040 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Panamsat. Program: Panamsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 23175 . COSPAR: 1994-040A. Apogee: 35,799 km (22,244 mi). Perigee: 35,772 km (22,227 mi). Inclination: 0.0400 deg. Period: 1,436.07 min. Stationed at 168.97 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 169 deg E in 1994-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 169.03 deg E drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 168.96E drifting at 0.005W degrees per day..

• Yuri 3N - . Payload: BS-3N. Mass: 1,210 kg (2,660 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: NHK. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: BS. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. USAF Sat Cat: 23176 . COSPAR: 1994-040B. Apogee: 35,797 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.0500 deg. Period: 1,436.15 min. Stationed at 109.67 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 109 deg E in 1994-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 109.71 deg E drifting at 0.013 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 109.92E drifting at 0.008W degrees per day..

• Brasilsat B1 - . Payload: HS 376W. Mass: 1,765 kg (3,891 lb). Nation: Brazil. Agency: Tele Mex. Program: Brasilsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 23199 . COSPAR: 1994-049A. Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 0.0300 deg. Period: 1,436.12 min.

  28 C-band transponders, 1 X-band transponder (military). Stationed at 70.05 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 70 deg W in 1994-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 70.00 deg W drifting at 0.003 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 71.44W drifting at 0.304W degrees per day.

• Turksat 1B - . Mass: 1,779 kg (3,922 lb). Nation: Turkey. Agency: Turk Tel. Manufacturer: Cannes. Program: Turksat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 23200 . COSPAR: 1994-049B. Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  16 Ku-band transponders. Stationed at 41.92 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 42 deg E in 1994-1996; 31 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 31.29 deg E drifting at 0.000 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 6 located at 144.60E drifting at 4.406W degrees per day.

• Telstar 402 - . Mass: 3,415 kg (7,528 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Arianespace. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Telstar series. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 7000. Decay Date: 2004-11-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 23249 . COSPAR: 1994-058A. Apogee: 19,340 km (12,010 mi). Perigee: 292 km (181 mi). Inclination: 7.10 deg. Period: 341.80 min.

• Solidaridad 2 - . Mass: 2,776 kg (6,120 lb). Nation: Mexico. Agency: Tele Mex. Program: Morelos. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 23313 . COSPAR: 1994-065A. Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  18 C-Band transponders. Stationed at 113.06 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 113 deg W in 1994-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 112.96 deg W drifting at 0.003 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 114.89W drifting at 0.001W degrees per day.

• Thaicom 2 - . Mass: 1,080 kg (2,380 lb). Nation: Thailand. Agency: Shinawat. Program: Thaicom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 23314 . COSPAR: 1994-065B. Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  10 C-band, 2 Ku-band transponders. Stationed at 78.42 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 78 deg E in 1994-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 78.46 deg E drifting at 0.008 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 78.52E drifting at 0.005W degrees per day.

• Astra 1D - . Mass: 2,924 kg (6,446 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: SES. Program: Astra. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 23331 . COSPAR: 1994-070A. Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.0200 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min.

  European DBS and radio. Stationed at 19.29 deg E. TV distribution services to Western Europe and the Canary Islands under franchise from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Contracted and controlled by the private company formed in 1985 called Société Europíenne des Satellites (SES). This is the last in a series of 4 medium power satellites, and will act primarily as Astra 1B and 1C's backup. It will also carry four 12.5 Ghz BSS transponders that can be combined for HDTV. Spacecraft: HS-601 platform.3-axis unified ARC 22 N and one Marquardt 490 N bipropellant thrusters, Sun and Barnes Earth sensors and two 61 Nms 2-axis gimballed momentum bias wheels.1658 kg nitrogen tetroxide & MMH in four spheres. Spin-stabilised in transfer orbit. Twin solar wings of three 2.16 x 2.54 m panels carrying large area silicon cells on Kevlar substrate to satisfy 3.3 kW requirement. Eclipse protection provided by Nickel hydrogen batteries. Payload: 18 eclipse protected transponders, plus six spares with 63W TWTA 10.75-10.95 Ghz FSS (&12.5 Ghz BSS) down Ku-band European beams in 250 Mhz band adjacent (below) to Astra 1C, 26 Mhz bandwidth, eirp 50 dBW min, orthogonal polarisation, operating in the FSS range Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg E in 1995-1998; 28 deg E in 1998; 19 deg E in 1998-1999; 28 deg E in 2000.- As of 3 September 2001 located at 24.18 deg E drifting at 0.006 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 23.50E drifting at 0.008W degrees per day.

• Panamsat 3 - . Payload: PAS K2. Mass: 2,920 kg (6,430 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Panamsat. Program: Panamsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601.

• Brasilsat B2 - . Payload: HS 376W. Mass: 1,780 kg (3,920 lb). Nation: Brazil. Agency: Telebras. Program: Brasilsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 23536 . COSPAR: 1995-016A. Apogee: 35,793 km (22,240 mi). Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 65.1 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 65 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 65.06 deg W drifting at 0.022 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 65.05W drifting at 0.012W degrees per day..

• Hot Bird 1 - . Payload: Eutelsat HB1. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Manufacturer: Cannes. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 23537 . COSPAR: 1995-016B. Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 13.0 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 13 deg E in 1995-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 12.93 deg E drifting at 0.014 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 160.81W drifting at 3.441W degrees per day..

• ERS 2 - . Mass: 2,516 kg (5,546 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Earth. Type: Civilian Radarsat. Spacecraft: ERS 1-2. USAF Sat Cat: 23560 . COSPAR: 1995-021A. Apogee: 785 km (487 mi). Perigee: 784 km (487 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.50 min. European Remote Sensing; carried SAR; ocean, land, ice, and atmospheric observations..

• Intelsat 706 - . Mass: 4,180 kg (9,210 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 23571 . COSPAR: 1995-023A. Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 53.1 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 53 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 52.93 deg W drifting at 0.005 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 4 located at 50.24E drifting at 0.003E degrees per day..

• DBS 3 - . Mass: 2,934 kg (6,468 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: DirecTV. Program: DirecTV. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 23598 . COSPAR: 1995-029A. Apogee: 35,789 km (22,238 mi). Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Commercial TV. Stationed at 101.0 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 101 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 100.90 deg W drifting at 0.012 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 82.00W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day..

• Helios 1A - . Mass: 2,537 kg (5,593 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES, DGA. Program: Helios. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: SPOT-4. Spacecraft: Helios 1A-1B. USAF Sat Cat: 23605 . COSPAR: 1995-033A. Apogee: 682 km (423 mi). Perigee: 680 km (420 mi). Inclination: 98.10 deg. Period: 98.40 min.

• CERISE - . Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES, DGA. Manufacturer: Surrey. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-70. USAF Sat Cat: 23606 . COSPAR: 1995-033B. Apogee: 675 km (419 mi). Perigee: 666 km (413 mi). Inclination: 98.10 deg. Period: 98.10 min.

  Caracterisation de l'Environnement Radioelectrique par un Instrument Spatiale Embarque; examined Earth RF environment. Customer: Alcatel Espace/DME. French government research payload incorporated into an advance microsatellite platform. Still operational as of 2000.

• UPM/LBSAT 1 - . Mass: 47 kg (103 lb). Nation: Spain. Agency: UPM. Class: Technology. Type: Communications technology satellite. Spacecraft: LBSAT. USAF Sat Cat: 23607 . COSPAR: 1995-033C. Apogee: 676 km (420 mi). Perigee: 663 km (411 mi). Inclination: 98.10 deg. Period: 98.10 min. Universidad Politecnia de Madrid Satellite; experimental communications, microgravity experiments..

• Panamsat 4 - . Payload: PAS K3. Mass: 3,043 kg (6,708 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Panamsat. Program: Panamsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 23636 . COSPAR: 1995-040A. Apogee: 35,797 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  16 C-Band, 24 Ku-Band transponders; 320 radio + 120 DirecTV channels. Stationed at 68.5 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 68 deg E in 1995-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 72.03 deg E drifting at 0.003 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 72.00E drifting at 0.003W degrees per day.