Veronique

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Veronique

Veronique 61
Credit: via Jean-Jacques Serra

After the cancellation of the 'Super V-2' project, the German team at Vernon pursued development of a tenth-scale version, the Project 4213 Veronique (VERnon et electrONIQUE). The 4 metric ton thrust motor, using nitric acid and kerosene, beat the 'pure French' project 4211 Eole design and paved the way leading to the Ariane space booster.

AKA: Project 4213. Status: Retired 1975. First Launch: 1952-05-20. Last Launch: 1965-02-12. Number: 54 . Thrust: 40.00 kN (8,992 lbf). Gross mass: 1,300 kg (2,800 lb). Unfuelled mass: 278 kg (612 lb). Burn time: 45 s. Height: 7.30 m (23.90 ft). Diameter: 0.55 m (1.80 ft). Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

Development of the Veronique began in March 1949, with the primary objective of providing a flight test vehicle for liquid rocket engine development. A secondary objective was to launch scientific payloads to high altitudes. The simple vehicle would be wire-guided at launch via four 55 m cables attached to the fins. Following partial systems tests with several vehicles in 1951 to 1952, the first full-scale Veronique-N was launched in May 1952 to April 1953 in three test series. A knotty combustion instability problem led to many failures, and the design altitude of 65 km was found by French scientists to be insufficient for their studies. The French National Defense Scientific Action Committee had ordered the manufacturing of 15 Veroniques for the 1957-58 International Geophysical Year, but these were cancelled and replaced by the solid-propellant Monica rocket.

After a nine-year development program the much larger Veronique-61 emerged as the final version of the rocket.

More at: Veronique.

Subtopics

Veronique R French sounding test vehicle. 'Veronique Reduce' - test vehicle for the full-size Veronique, with the burn time of the engine limited to 6.5 sec instead of the nominal 32 sec. Tested in France at the Suippes range in 1950 and 1951, then at Cardonnet in early 1952.

Veronique N French sounding rocket. 'Veronique Normal ' - Full-scale version of the original Veronique design.

Veronique NA French sounding rocket. Lengthened version of the Veronique N, allowing the vehicle to reach the more scientifically-interesting altitude of 135 km. It also used a modified injector for the engine to improve combustion stability.

Veronique P2 French sounding test vehicle. Test vehicle, powered by two powder rockets, to test the Veronique's unique wire guidance system.

Veronique P6 French sounding test vehicle. Test vehicle, powered by six powder rockets, to test the Veronique's unique wire guidance system.

Veronique 61 French sounding rocket. Development of an improved version of Veronique, with a 50% increase in thrust, began in 1961. The much larger vehicle could reach 315 km with the standard Veronique 60 kg payload.

Veronique AGI French sounding rocket. The Veronique AGI was the rocket originally intended for the International Geophysical Year order. It followed the configuration of the Veronique NA, but had a lower empty weight, a simplified engine using single wall cooling, and used turpentine fuel instead of kerosene. This increased the specific impulse, decreased combustion instabilities, and allowed the version to reach 210 km altitude.

Veronique 61M French sounding rocket. Lengthened version of Veronique 61 capable of carrying an increased payload of 100 kg.

Country: France. Propellants: Nitric acid/Turpentine. Launch Sites: Hammaguira, Hammaguira Bechar, Hammaguira Blandine, Reggane. Stages: Veronique R-1. Agency: LRBA. Bibliography: 2, 34, 572.

1950 August 2 - . Launch Site: Camp de Suippes. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique R. FAILURE: Failure.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 2.00 km (1.20 mi).

1950 August 4 - . Launch Site: Camp de Suippes. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique R.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).

1951 April 1 - . Launch Site: Vernon. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique P2.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).

1951 October 2 - . Launch Site: Camp de Suippes. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique R.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).

1951 October 5 - . Launch Site: Camp de Suippes. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique R.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 2.00 km (1.20 mi).

1951 October 6 - . Launch Site: Camp de Suippes. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique R.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 2.00 km (1.20 mi).

1952 January 25 - . Launch Site: Le Cardonnet. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique P6.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 1.00 km (0.60 mi).

1952 January 26 - . Launch Site: Le Cardonnet. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique R.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 1.00 km (0.60 mi).

1952 January 28 - . Launch Site: Le Cardonnet. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique R.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 1.00 km (0.60 mi).

1952 January 28 - . Launch Site: Le Cardonnet. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique P6.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 1.00 km (0.60 mi).

1952 January 30 - . Launch Site: Le Cardonnet. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique R.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 1.00 km (0.60 mi).

1952 May 20 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Bechar. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. FAILURE: Failure.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 19 km (11 mi).

1952 May 21 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Bechar. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. FAILURE: Failure.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 14 km (8 mi).

1952 May 22 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Bechar. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

1952 November 8 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Bechar. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. FAILURE: Failure.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

1952 November 9 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Bechar. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. FAILURE: Failure.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 1.00 km (0.60 mi).

1952 November 13 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Bechar. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. FAILURE: Failure.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 4.00 km (2.40 mi).

1952 November 16 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Bechar. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. FAILURE: Failure.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 1.00 km (0.60 mi).

1952 November 17 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Bechar. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. FAILURE: Failure.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

1952 November 18 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Bechar. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. FAILURE: Failure.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).

1953 April 18 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Bechar. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. FAILURE: Failure.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).

1953 April 21 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Bechar. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 45 km (27 mi).

1954 February 20 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Bechar. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. FAILURE: Failure.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 29 km (18 mi).

1954 February 21 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Bechar. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi).

1954 October 17 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Bechar. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. FAILURE: Failure.

Test / ionosphere mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 39 km (24 mi).

1954 October 29 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Bechar. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: LRBA. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi).

1959 March 7 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. FAILURE: Failure.

Sodium release Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CASDN. Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).

1959 March 10 - . 18:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Sodium release Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CASDN. Apogee: 124 km (77 mi).

1959 March 12 - . 05:44 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Sodium release Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CASDN. Apogee: 174 km (108 mi).

1960 February 23 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. FAILURE: Failure.

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CASDN. Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).

1960 March 2 - . 18:32 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Sodium release Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CASDN. Apogee: 188 km (116 mi).

1960 March 5 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Sodium release Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CASDN. Apogee: 187 km (116 mi).

1960 June 13 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Sodium release Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CASDN. Apogee: 176 km (109 mi).

1960 June 16 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Sodium release Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CASDN. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi).

1960 June 18 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CASDN. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1960 June 22 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CASDN. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1961 February 11 - . 10:41 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Airglow Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CASDN. Apogee: 91 km (56 mi).

1961 February 13 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. FAILURE: Failure.

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CASDN. Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).

1961 February 15 - . 22:01 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CASDN. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1961 February 18 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. FAILURE: Failure.

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CASDN. Apogee: 0 km (0 mi).

1961 February 22 - . 07:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Life Science mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CASDN. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi). French Veronique launched capsule containing rat (Hector) to 152 km altitude, recovered successfully..

1961 June 10 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CRS. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1962 May 24 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 168 km (104 mi).

1962 May 31 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1962 June 1 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1962 June 4 - . Launch Site: Reggane. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. FAILURE: Failure.

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1962 June 6 - . Launch Site: Reggane. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1962 October 15 - . 08:39 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Bio (Rat) Life science mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1962 October 18 - . 08:31 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Bio (Rat) Life science mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi).

1962 October 19 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi).

1962 October 22 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1962 October 23 - . 11:01 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Airglow Aeronomy /ionosphere mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 175 km (108 mi). Diffuse solar radiation mission..

1962 October 29 - . 23:21 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Aeronomy /ionosphere mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi).

1963 April 20 - . 10:01 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Airglow Aeronomy /ionosphere mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 175 km (108 mi).

1963 April 23 - . 22:07 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Aeronomy /ionosphere mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1963 May 1 - . 16:59 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Aeronomy /ionosphere mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 160 km (90 mi).

1963 May 10 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Coronagraph Solar ultraviolet mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi). No recovery. Solar corona (UV) / Ptr mission..

1963 June 18 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. FAILURE: Failure.

Ionosphere mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 160 km (90 mi).

1963 June 19 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. FAILURE: Failure.

Ionosphere mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 38 km (23 mi).

1963 October 18 - . 07:09 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Bio (Cat) Life science mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi).

1963 October 24 - . 05:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. FAILURE: Failure.

Bio (Cat) Life science mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 88 km (54 mi).

1964 April 14 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Solar La Solar ultraviolet mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 119 km (73 mi). FU110 Atomic H (Ly-alpha), Solar X-rays mission..

1964 June 8 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 260 km (160 mi).

1964 June 13 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61.

Test mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 260 km (160 mi).

1964 November 4 - . 16:35 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Solar La Solar ultraviolet mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). FU110 Atomic H (Ly-alpha), Solar X-rays mission..

1964 November 8 - . 08:22 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Ultraviolet Spectrum / CU point Solar ultraviolet mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 98 km (60 mi). FU111 UV Solar Astronomy / Ptr mission..

1965 February 12 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.

Solar mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 95 km (59 mi).

1965 May 27 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61.

FU-144 Lyra alpha Solar ultraviolet mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 70 km (43 mi). FU144 Atomic H (Ly-alpha) mission..

1965 October 22 - . 20:18 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique AGI.

FU-115 Electron density Ionosphere mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi). FU115 Electron density mission..

1965 October 28 - . 06:55 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique AGI.

FU-115 electron density Ionosphere mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi). FU115 Electron density mission..

1966 March 24 - . 17:02 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61M.

FU-155 test - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 209 km (129 mi).

1966 April 4 - . 08:07 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61M.

FU-145 ACS test / astronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 23 km (14 mi). FU145 Technology (Attitude control) mission..

1966 April 6 - . 15:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique AGI.

FU-126 Solar corona Solar ultraviolet mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi). FU126 Solar corona (UV) / Ptr mission..

1966 June 27 - . 17:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique AGI.

FU-154 recovery test - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 123 km (76 mi). FU154 Technology (recovery) mission..

1966 October 3 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61M.

FU-145 ionosphere Magnetosphere / ionosphere / astronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 166 km (103 mi). FU145 Technology + Ionosphere / Stab mission..

1966 November 24 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61M.

FU-158 Recovery test - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). FU158 Technology (recovery) mission..

1966 December 9 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique AGI.

FU-149 ionosphere / mass spectrometer Ionosphere / aeronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 122 km (75 mi). FU149 Ion Density, mass spectrometry mission..

1967 January 11 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61.

FU-161 Astronomy X-ray astronomy / ultraviolet astronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 158 km (98 mi). FU161 X-ray and UV astronomy / Stab mission..

1967 January 13 - . 10:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique AGI.

FU-160 Solar corona Solar ultraviolet mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 123 km (76 mi). FU160 Solar corona (UV) / Ptr mission..

1967 January 17 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61.

FU-145B astronomy Test / ultraviolet astronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 205 km (127 mi). FU145b X-ray and UV astronomy / Stab mission..

1967 February 24 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61.

FU-176 Recovery test - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). FU176 Technology (recovery) mission..

1967 March 17 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique AGI.

FU-174 Solar corona Solar ultraviolet mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 32 km (19 mi). FU174 Solar corona (UV) / Ptr mission..

1967 March 24 - . 05:55 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61M.

FU-156 ionosphere / biology Ionosphere / plasma / biology mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 366 km (227 mi). FU156 Ionosphere + Biology mission..

1967 March 29 - . 06:25 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61M.

FU-156 ionosphere / biology Ionosphere / plasma mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 306 km (190 mi). FU156 Ionosphere + Biology mission..

1967 April 4 - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61M.

FU-178 PUV-3 Ultraviolet astronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 196 km (121 mi). FU178 X-ray and UV astronomy / Stab mission..

1968 April 9 - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ALFS. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique AGI.

FU-184 Sea recovery test - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi). FU184 Technology (sea recovery) mission..

1968 July 25 - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ALFS. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61M.

FU-185 X-ray astronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 185 km (114 mi). No recovery. FU185 Technology + X-ray astronomy / Stab mission..

1968 December 18 - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ALFS. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61M.

FU-159 PERSEE? Ultraviolet astronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 162 km (100 mi). No recovery. FU159 UV astronomy / Stab mission..

1968 December 22 - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ALFS. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61M.

FU-159 Crab Nebula X-rays Ultraviolet astronomy / x-ray astronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 188 km (116 mi). No recovery. FU159 X-ray and UV astronomy / Stab mission..

1969 February 20 - . 11:48 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ALFS. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique AGI. FAILURE: Failure, premature fairing jettison..

FU-170 CIRCE Ionosphere mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 107 km (66 mi). FU170 CIRCE, Mass spectrometry mission..

1971 June 8 - . 19:46 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ALFS. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61M.

GESAIR Biological/Geophysics mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi). FU194 GESAIR, Ionosphere + Biology mission..

1971 June 12 - . 19:44 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ALFS. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61M.

GESAIR Biological/Geophysics mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi). FU194 GESAIR, Ionosphere + Biology mission..

1971 December 16 - . 19:57 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ALFS. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61M.

FU-208 CISASPE Ionosphere mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 227 km (141 mi). FU208 CISASPE, Ionosphere (active sounding) mission..

1973 April 17 - . 10:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ALFS. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61M.

FU-200 Solar ultraviolet Solar extreme ultraviolet mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). FU200 3SUV, UV solar astronomy / Ptr mission..

1975 May 31 - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ALFS. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique 61M.

FAUST Ultraviolet Astronomy mission - . Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 172 km (106 mi). FU216 FAUST, UV astronomy / Stab mission..

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