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Ariane

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Ariane 1 L01 Ariane 1 L01 - COSPAR 1979-104

Status: Retired 2003.

Ariane 1 First version of the Ariane launch vehicle.

Ariane 2 Basic three stage vehicle without solid rocket motor strap-ons. Payload to geosynchronous transfer orbit was 2,175 kg.

Ariane 2/3 Improved version of the Ariane 1. It featured increased thrust first and second stage engines, a 25% stretched third stage, 4 seconds specific impulse improvement in the third stage, a larger internal payload fairing volume, and introduced the Sylda payload carrier for dual payloads. The Ariane 3 version added two solid rocket motor strap-ons. Development was authorized in July 1980 and had a total cost of 144 million 1986 Euros.

Ariane 3 Four stage vehicle consisting of 2 x PAP solid rocket boosters + Ariane 2 core.

Ariane 4 The ultimate Ariane development. Compared with the Ariane 2/3, the Ariane 4 featured stretched first (61%) and third stages, a strengthened structure, new propulsion bay layouts, new avionics, and the Spelda dual-payload carrier. The basic 40 version used no strap-on motors, while the Ariane 42L, 44L, 42P, 44P, and 44LP versions used various combinations of solid and liquid propellant strap-on motors). Development was authorized in January 1982, with the objective of increasing payload by 90%. Total development cost 476 million 1986 ECU's.

Ariane 40 3 stage core vehicle with original Ariane H10 upper stage. A fully fueled Ariane core cannot lift off the ground without strap-on liquid or solid motors. When Ariane 4 is launched in this configuration, the propellant tanks of the first and second stages are not completely filled.

Ariane 42L Ariane 4 with 2 liquid rocket strap-ons.

Ariane 42P Ariane 4 with 2 solid rocket strap-ons.

Ariane 44L Ariane 4 with 4 liquid rocket strap-ons.

Ariane 44LP Ariane 4 with 2 liquid rocket + 2 solid rocket strap-ons.

Ariane 44P Ariane 4 with 4 solid rocket strap-ons.

Photo Gallery

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Ariane 1 Credit: © Mark Wade

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Ariane 4 Credit: © Mark Wade

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Ariane 42L Credit: © Mark Wade

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Ariane 42P Credit: © Mark Wade

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Ariane 44L Credit: © Mark Wade

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Ariane Credit: Arianespace

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Ariane 44LP+ V53 Ariane 44LP+ V53 - COSPAR 1992-060

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Ariane 44LP Credit: © Mark Wade

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• Development of Ariane 1 launch vehicle authorised. - . Nation: France. Development took eight years, and cost 2 billion 1986 ECU's..

• CAT 1 - . Payload: CAT 01. Mass: 1,602 kg (3,531 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: CAT. Decay Date: 1982-11-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 11645 . COSPAR: 1979-104A. Apogee: 14,047 km (8,728 mi). Perigee: 125 km (77 mi). Inclination: 17.80 deg. Period: 259.10 min.

  Launch vehicle test. Technological Capsule (CAT). ESA registration number: ESA/79/2. Principal mission of the technological capsule (with ballast), which was equipped with batteries having a lifetime of approximately 8 orbits, was to transmit back to earth technological data on the first developmental flight L01 of the ARIANE launch vehicle. When the batteries were exhausted, the capsule ended its radio transmissions, and it is now inoperative but still in orbit.

• Firewheel - . Payload: Feuerrad. Nation: France. Agency: ESA. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: Firewheel. Decay Date: 1980-05-23 .

• Feuerrad subsatellite 3 - . Payload: Feuerrad. Nation: France. Agency: ESA. Spacecraft: Firewheel.

• CAT - . Payload: CAT. Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Spacecraft: CAT.

• Amsat Phase 3A - . Payload: Amsat Phase 3A. Nation: USA. Agency: ESA. Program: Oscar. Spacecraft: Oscar. The satellite never obtained orbit. Weight 92.2 kg. Mode B (435 MHz uplink and 145 MHz downlink) transponder and 145 MHz beacon. VHF and UHF helix wide beam antenna..

• Feuerrad subsatellite 1 - . Payload: Feuerrad. Nation: France. Agency: ESA. Spacecraft: Firewheel.

• Feuerrad subsatellite 2 - . Payload: Feuerrad. Nation: France. Agency: ESA. Spacecraft: Firewheel.

• Feuerrad subsatellite 4 - . Payload: Feuerrad. Nation: France. Agency: ESA. Spacecraft: Firewheel.

• Development of Ariane 2/3 launch vehicle authorised. - . Nation: France. The upgrade to the Ariane 1 had a total cost of 144 million 1986 ECU's..

• Meteosat 2 - . Mass: 697 kg (1,536 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Earth. Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft: Meteosat. Completed Operations Date: 1991-12-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 12544 . COSPAR: 1981-057A. Apogee: 36,329 km (22,573 mi). Perigee: 36,124 km (22,446 mi). Inclination: 11.10 deg. Period: 1,458.60 min.

  Meteosat 2 is a geostationary meteorological satellite, operating within the world wide network of the World Weather Watch of WMO. Its main missions are: Imaging in the visible, IR and water vapour region of the spectrum; data reception from so-called dat a collection platforms (DCPs); data distribution to meteorological services and other interested parties (research institutes etc). Launch time 1233:03 UT. Geostationary position 0 deg E. Designator ESA/81/03. As of 3 September 2001 located at 58.52 deg W drifting at 5.577 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 125.67W drifting at 5.583W degrees per day.

• CAT 3 - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: CAT. USAF Sat Cat: 12546 . COSPAR: 1981-057C. Apogee: 26,528 km (16,483 mi). Perigee: 261 km (162 mi). Inclination: 10.70 deg. Period: 461.20 min.

  Launch vehicle test payload. Technological capsule. ESA registration ESA/81/02. Launch time 1233:03 UT. The technological capsule, equipped with batteries for a lifetime of about six orbital revolutions, transmits to earth technological data about test flight L-03 of ARIANE. After di scharge of the battery the capsule will stop its transmissions and remain in orbit on inactive status. Frequency 136-138 MHz (transmission until 65h after launch only). Projected time of reentry 1986.

• Apple - . Mass: 1,170 kg (2,570 lb). Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Program: Insat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Insat 1. Completed Operations Date: 1983-09-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 12545 . COSPAR: 1981-057B. Apogee: 35,945 km (22,335 mi). Perigee: 35,752 km (22,215 mi). Inclination: 10.00 deg. Period: 1,439.30 min.

  Experimental communications satellite. Geosynchronous altitude, longitude 10 deg East. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 102 deg E in 1981-1982 As of 31 August 2001 located at 42.73 deg W drifting at 0.834 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 39.31E drifting at 0.875W degrees per day.

• Tech. capsule - . Payload: CAT/Thesee. Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: CAT. Decay Date: 1988-11-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 13025 . COSPAR: 1981-122C. Apogee: 36,051 km (22,401 mi). Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Inclination: 10.60 deg. Period: 636.00 min.

  Ariane L-04 technological capsule, ESA designator ESA/81/04. The technological capsule, equipped with batteries for a lifetime of about 6 orbital revolutions (65h), transmits to earth technological data about test flight L-04 of Ariane. After discharge of the battery the capsule will stop its transmissions and remain in orbit in an inactive status. Frequency 136-138 MHz, projected time of reentry before 1990.

• MARECS 1 - . Payload: MARECS A. Mass: 582 kg (1,283 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Program: MARECS. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 1996-08-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 13010 . COSPAR: 1981-122A. Apogee: 37,858 km (23,523 mi). Perigee: 36,782 km (22,855 mi). Inclination: 10.80 deg. Period: 1,515.20 min.

  MARECS-A was a geostationary maritime communications satellite, which formed part of INMARSAT's world-wide maritime communications satellite network. MARECS-A moved to a new position on the geostationary orbit. Old position: 334E. New position: 22.5 E. The Marecs satellites were members of Inmarsat's first generation global maritime communications network. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 26 deg W in 1982-1986; 178 deg E in 1986-1991; 20 deg E in 1991-1992; 22 deg E in 1992-1996 As of 1 September 2001 located at 11.08 deg W drifting at 18.839 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 168.28W drifting at 18.837W degrees per day. Additional Details: here....

• CAT 4 - . Payload: MARECS 1 / CAT 4. Mass: 217 kg (478 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: CAT. USAF Sat Cat: 13011 . COSPAR: 1981-122B. Apogee: 30,744 km (19,103 mi). Perigee: 259 km (160 mi). Inclination: 10.40 deg. Period: 536.80 min. Launch vehicle test payload. .

• Development of Ariane 4 launch vehicle authorised. - . Nation: France. The objective of was an increase in payload of 90%. Total development cost 476 million 1986 ECU's..

• MARECS B - . Payload: MARECS B. Mass: 1,490 kg (3,280 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Program: MARECS. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Decay Date: 1982-09-10 . Marecs B intended for maritime communications, planned for lease to Inmarsat; launched with Sirio 2. Geosynch orbit..

• Sirio 2 - . Payload: Sirio 2. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Program: MARECS. Spacecraft: SIRIO.

• Eutelsat 1 - . Payload: ECS 1. Mass: 1,050 kg (2,310 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 1996-12-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 14128 . COSPAR: 1983-058A. Apogee: 36,246 km (22,522 mi). Perigee: 36,123 km (22,445 mi). Inclination: 9.20 deg. Period: 1,456.50 min.

  Designator ESA/83/4. Launch time 1159 GMT. Launch agency ESA. Geostationary position 10+/- 0.1 deg E. EUTELSAT 1 is a regional geostationary telecommunication Satellite for European countries. It is operated by the EUTELSAT organization. Frequency plan: 1 36-138 MHz (S-E). 148-149.9 MHz (E-S). 10.7-11.7 GHz (S-E). 14-14.5 GHz (E-S). Positions: Document Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1983; 13 deg E in 1983-1989; 16 deg E in 1989-1991; 25 deg E in 1992-1993; 48E1993-1996; 36 deg E in 1996 As of 31 August 2001 located at 12.27 deg W drifting at 5.043 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 109.78W drifting at 5.059W degrees per day.

• Oscar 10 - . Payload: Phase 3B. Mass: 70 kg (154 lb). Nation: Germany. Agency: AmSat. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Oscar. USAF Sat Cat: 14129 . COSPAR: 1983-058B. Apogee: 35,442 km (22,022 mi). Perigee: 4,007 km (2,489 mi). Inclination: 27.20 deg. Period: 699.50 min.

  AMSAT Oscar 10, registration no D-R 001. Scientific and communication satellite for the amateur radio service. Frequency plan: Transponder U: 435.1 MHz (uplink), 145.9 MHz (downlink), Bandwidth +/- 75 kHz. Transponder L: 1269.45 MHz (uplink), 436.55 MHz ( downlink), bandwidth +/- 400 kHz. Two beacons adjacent to passband. Launch vehicle Ariane L6. First amateur satellite with onboard propulsion (which did not function entirely correctly, due to collision with launch vehicle after separation - hence the not-quite-Molniya-orbit). Computer control failed December 1986 due to radiation damage to memory. As a result, ground control stations have no control over the spacecraft. However, when the orientation is favourable (with respect to the Earth and Sun), OSCAR 10 continues to provide good Mode B service. If users coorperate, OSCAR 10 may provide many more years of service. Project Management: AMSAT-NA (Jan King, W3GEY) and AMSAT-DL (Karl Meinzer, DJ4ZC). Spacecraft sub-systems: Contributed by groups in Canada, Hungary, Japan, United States and West Germany. Spacecraft: Spin Stabilised with Magnetorquers: Power: 50 W solar array, 2 NiCd batteries. Payload: Transponders/Beacons: Mode B: Type: Linear, inverting, 50W; General Beacon: 145.809 MHz (Carrier); Engineering Beacon: 145.987 MHz; Uplink: 435.030-435.180 MHz; Downlink: 145.975-145.825 MHz. Mode L (no longer operational): Type: Linear, inverting, 50W: Beacons: 436.020, 436.040 MHz; Uplink 1269.450 MHz (800 kHz); Downlink 436.550 MHz.

• Intelsat 5 F-7 - . Mass: 1,928 kg (4,250 lb). Nation: International. Agency: INTELSAT. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Intelsat 5. Completed Operations Date: 1996-07-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 14421 . COSPAR: 1983-105A. Apogee: 35,972 km (22,351 mi). Perigee: 35,928 km (22,324 mi). Inclination: 8.50 deg. Period: 1,444.50 min.

  Ariane third stage. Launched by European Space Agency. Launch time 0045:36 GMT. Launched spacecraft Intelsat V F7. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 60 deg E in 1984-1985; 66 deg E in 1985-1991; 57 deg E in 1991-1995; 47 deg E in 1995-1996 As of 28 August 2001 located at 140.34 deg E drifting at 2.062 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 88.83W drifting at 2.097W degrees per day.

• Intelsat 5 F-8 - . Mass: 1,928 kg (4,250 lb). Nation: International. Agency: INTELSAT. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Intelsat 5. Completed Operations Date: 1994-12-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 14786 . COSPAR: 1984-023A. Apogee: 36,755 km (22,838 mi). Perigee: 36,531 km (22,699 mi). Inclination: 8.20 deg. Period: 1,480.10 min. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 53 deg W in 1984-1985; 180 deg E in 1985-1994 As of 28 August 2001 located at 164.20 deg W drifting at 10.735 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 110.10E drifting at 10.740W degrees per day..

• Spacenet F1 - . Mass: 705 kg (1,554 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. USAF Sat Cat: 14985 . COSPAR: 1984-049A. Apogee: 35,897 km (22,305 mi). Perigee: 35,840 km (22,260 mi). Inclination: 4.90 deg. Period: 1,440.30 min.

  Stationed at 120 deg W. C, Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 120 deg W in 1984-1993; 115 deg E in 1993-on. As of 2 September 2001 located at 165.12 deg E drifting at 0.985 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 109.23W drifting at 1.077W degrees per day.

• Eutelsat 2 - . Payload: ECS 2. Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 1993-11-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 15158 . COSPAR: 1984-081A. Apogee: 36,248 km (22,523 mi). Perigee: 36,165 km (22,471 mi). Inclination: 3.00 deg. Period: 1,457.60 min.

  Stationed at 7 deg E. Launch time 1333 UT. Geostationary orbit position 10 +/- 0.1; afterwards 7 +/- 0.1 deg E. EUTELSAT 2 is a regional geostationary satellite for European countries. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1984; 7 deg E in 1984-1990; 2 deg E in 1991; 1 deg E in 1992-1993 As of 5 September 2001 located at 62.27 deg W drifting at 5.317 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 57.69E drifting at 5.323W degrees per day.

• Telecom 1A - . Mass: 690 kg (1,520 lb). Nation: France. Agency: France Telecom. Program: Telecom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 1992-09-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 15159 . COSPAR: 1984-081B. Apogee: 36,459 km (22,654 mi). Perigee: 36,179 km (22,480 mi). Inclination: 8.50 deg. Period: 1,463.40 min.

  Stationed at 8 deg W. Communications satellite. Registration France 1984-2.B (Telecom 1A) 1985-2.B (Telecom 1B). 1988-1-C (Telecom 1C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 8 deg W in 1984-1992 As of 4 September 2001 located at 142.83 deg W drifting at 6.735 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 11.08W drifting at 6.728W degrees per day.

• Spacenet F2 - . Mass: 705 kg (1,554 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Completed Operations Date: 1998-06-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 15385 . COSPAR: 1984-114A. Apogee: 35,962 km (22,345 mi). Perigee: 35,904 km (22,309 mi). Inclination: 4.20 deg. Period: 1,443.60 min.

  Stationed at 68 deg W. C, Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 69 deg W in 1984-1997; 115 deg E in 1997-1998 As of 5 September 2001 located at 65.20 deg E drifting at 1.887 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 64.76W drifting at 1.866W degrees per day.

• MARECS 2 - . Payload: MARECS B2. Mass: 563 kg (1,241 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Program: MARECS. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. USAF Sat Cat: 15386 . COSPAR: 1984-114B. Apogee: 37,544 km (23,328 mi). Perigee: 36,556 km (22,714 mi). Inclination: 9.90 deg. Period: 1,501.10 min.

  Stationed at 177.5 deg E; maritime communications; leased by Inmarsat. Geostationary position 177.5 deg E. MARECS PAC 1 is a geostationary maritime mobile communication satellite which will form part of the INMARSAT world-wide maritime communication satellite network. 1985 Jul 1. Move to a new position. Old position: 177.5E. New position: 345 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 177 deg E in 1984-1986; 26 deg W in 1986-1990; 55 deg W in 1990-1992; 15 deg W in 1992-1997; 26 deg W in 1997-on. As of 4 September 2001 located at 25.98 deg W drifting at 0.006 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 105.63W drifting at 15.647W degrees per day.

• Arabsat 1A - . Mass: 532 kg (1,172 lb). Nation: Arab States. Agency: Arabsat. Program: Arabsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. Completed Operations Date: 1992-07-31 . USAF Sat Cat: 15560 . COSPAR: 1985-015A. Apogee: 35,753 km (22,215 mi). Perigee: 35,724 km (22,197 mi). Inclination: 8.20 deg. Period: 1,433.70 min. Stationed at 19 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg E in 1985-1991 As of 27 August 2001 located at 76.76 deg E drifting at 0.635 deg E per day. As of 2007 Feb 28 located at 87.85E drifting at 0.629E degrees per day..

• Brasilsat A1 - . Mass: 671 kg (1,479 lb). Nation: Brazil. Agency: Telebras. Program: Brasilsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 15561 . COSPAR: 1985-015B. Apogee: 35,999 km (22,368 mi). Perigee: 35,983 km (22,358 mi). Inclination: 5.90 deg. Period: 1,446.60 min.

  Stationed at 65 deg W. Brazilsat 1 & 2 provide telecommunications services to Brazil. Canada's Spar Aerospace was awarded a $125 million contract to build, under license, two satellites based on Hughes' HS-376 design (similar to Anik D). Brazilsat 1 & 2 were the first two elements of Brazil's national Sistema Barasilero de Telecommunicacoes por Satelite (SBTS) network. Spacecraft: Based on Hughes HS-376, single antenna on despun platform, spin stabilised, hydrazine thrusters, body mounted solar cells provide 982 W BOL. Payload: 24 C-band transponders with 6 spares, 10 W TWTA, EIRP >34 dBW over most of Brazilian territory
  Financial/Operational:
  Contract issued in 1990 for 2 units HS-376W. B1-B2 have dedicated transponders for government use. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 65 deg W in 1985-1994; 63 deg W in 1994-1996; 79 deg W in 1996-1998; 144 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 143.96 deg W drifting at 0.005 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 145.69E drifting at 2.591W degrees per day.

• GStar 1 - . Mass: 705 kg (1,554 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Completed Operations Date: 1997-01-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 15677 . COSPAR: 1985-035A. Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Perigee: 35,783 km (22,234 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 103 deg W. Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 103 deg W in 1985-1996; 105 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 105.33 deg W drifting at 0.011 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 105.07W drifting at 0.006W degrees per day.

• Telecom 1B - . Mass: 690 kg (1,520 lb). Nation: France. Agency: France Telecom. Program: Telecom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 1988-01-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 15678 . COSPAR: 1985-035B. Apogee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Perigee: 35,764 km (22,222 mi). Inclination: 5.40 deg. Period: 1,435.50 min.

  Stationed at 5 deg W; business communications. Communications satellite. Registration France 1984-2.B (Telecom 1A) 1985-2.B (Telecom 1B). 1988-1-C (Telecom 1C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg W in 1985-1988 As of 3 September 2001 located at 4.82 deg E drifting at 0.111 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 86.72E drifting at 0.424E degrees per day.

• Giotto - . Mass: 583 kg (1,285 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Comet. Type: Comet probe. Spacecraft: Giotto. USAF Sat Cat: 15875 . COSPAR: 1985-056A. Apogee: 35,807 km (22,249 mi). Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Inclination: 6.90 deg. Period: 631.51 min.

  Encountered comet Halley March 13, 1986. The Giotto mission was designed to study Comet P/Halley, and also studied Comet P/Grigg-Skjellerup during its extended mission. The spacecraft encountered Halley on March 13, 1986, at a distance of 0.89 AU from the sun and 0.98 AU from the Earth and an angle of 107 degrees from the comet-sun line. The actual closest approach was measured at 596 km. All experiments performed well and returned a wealth of new scientific results, of which perhaps the most important was the clear identification of the cometary nucleus. Fourteen seconds before closest approach, Giotto was hit by a `large' dust particle. The impact caused the spacecraft angular momentum vector to shift 0.9 degrees. Scientific data were received intermittently for the next 32 minutes. Some experiment sensors suffered damage during this 32-minute interval. Other experiments (the camera baffle and deflecting mirror, the dust detector sensors on the front sheet of the bumper shield, and most experiment apertures) were exposed to dust particles regardless of the accident and also suffered damage. Many of the sensors survived the encounter with little or no damage. Questionable or partially damaged sensors included the camera (later proved to not be functional) and one of the plasma analyzers (RPA). Inoperable experiments included the neutral and ion mass spectrometers and one sensor each on the dust detector and the other plasma analyzer (JPA). During the Giotto extended mission, the spacecraft successfully encountered Comet P/Grigg-Skjellerup on July 10, 1992. The closest approach was approximately 200 km. The heliocentric distance of the spacecraft was 1.01 AU, and the geocentric distance, 1.43 AU at the time of the encounter. The payload was switched-on in the evening of July 9. Eight experiments were operated and provided a surprising wealth of data. The Johnstone Plasma Analyser detected the first presence of cometary ions 600,000 km from the nucleus at 12 hours before the closest approach. The Dust Impact Detectors reported the first impact of a fairly large particle at 15:30:56. Bow shocks/waves and acceleration regions were also detected. After the P/Grigg-Skjellerup encounter operation were terminated on 23 July 1992. The spacecraft will fly by the Earth on 1 July 1999.

• Eutelsat 3 - . Payload: ECS 3. Mass: 1,490 kg (3,280 lb). Nation: France. Agency: Eutelsat. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Launched with Spacenet F3..

• Spacenet F3 - . Mass: 600 kg (1,320 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Arianespace. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000.

• SPOT 1 - . Payload: Spot 1 / Viking. Mass: 1,830 kg (4,030 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Program: SPOT. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft: SPOT-1-2-3. USAF Sat Cat: 16613 . COSPAR: 1986-019A. Apogee: 826 km (513 mi). Perigee: 824 km (512 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 101.40 min. Remote sensing satellite. Registration 1986-1.B.

• Viking - . Payload: Spot 1 / Viking. Mass: 538 kg (1,186 lb). Nation: Sweden. Agency: SSC. Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft: Viking (Sweden). USAF Sat Cat: 16614 . COSPAR: 1986-019B. Apogee: 13,524 km (8,403 mi). Perigee: 817 km (507 mi). Inclination: 98.80 deg. Period: 261.60 min.

  Studied magnetic, electric, UV properties of auroral regions. Scientific satellite for the investigation of space plasma physics in the part of the magnetosphere close to the Earth, particularly in connection with the auroral phenomena. The nominal mission period is eight months but an extension can be envisaged. ST /SG/SER.E/167: The satellite Viking has ceased to function on 12 May 1987 due to a gradual degradation of its electrical power supply system. The satellite remains, however, in Earth orbit.

• GStar 2 - . Payload: SBTS-2. Mass: 1,140 kg (2,510 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Completed Operations Date: 1997-08-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 16649 . COSPAR: 1986-026A. Apogee: 35,943 km (22,333 mi). Perigee: 35,902 km (22,308 mi). Inclination: 5.60 deg. Period: 1,443.10 min.

  Ku band communications satellite. Stationed at 70 degrees W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 105 deg W in 1986-1992; 125 deg W in 1992-1997 As of 5 September 2001 located at 148.11 deg W drifting at 1.728 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 2.39W drifting at 1.699W degrees per day.

• Brasilsat A2 - . Mass: 1,243 kg (2,740 lb). Nation: Brazil. Agency: Telebras. Manufacturer: El Segundo. Program: Brasilsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 16650 . COSPAR: 1986-026B. Apogee: 35,793 km (22,240 mi). Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 4.60 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 105 deg W. Brazilsat 1 & 2 provide telecommunications services to Brazil. Canada's Spar Aerospace was awarded a $125 million contract to build, under license, two satellites based on Hughes' HS-376 design (similar to Anik D). Brazilsat 1 & 2 were the first two elements of Brazil's national Sistema Barasilero de Telecommunicacoes por Satelite (SBTS) network. Spacecraft: Based on Hughes HS-376, single antenna on despun platform, spin stabilised, hydrazine thrusters, body mounted solar cells provide 982 W BOL. Payload: 24 C-band transponders with 6 spares, 10 W TWTA, EIRP >34 dBW over most of Brazilian territory
  Financial/Operational:
  Contract issued in 1990 for 2 units HS-376W. B1-B2 have dedicated transponders for government use. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 70 deg W in 1986-1995; 92 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 62.91 deg W drifting at 0.007 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 7 located at 32.58W drifting at 2.263W degrees per day.

• Intelsat-5A 14 - . Mass: 2,013 kg (4,437 lb). Nation: International. Agency: NOAA. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Intelsat 5. Spacecraft: Intelsat 5A. Decay Date: 1986-05-03 . Targeted for geosynch orbit..

• Aussat A3 - . Payload: Aussat K3. Mass: 1,195 kg (2,634 lb). Nation: Australia. Agency: Aussat. Program: Aussat. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 18350 . COSPAR: 1987-078A. Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  Australian domestic communications; 164 deg E. Communication satellite. Launching states: Australia and France. Longitude 164 deg E +/- 0.5. (orbit given is geocentric 42164 km, which corresponds to altitude 35787 km). The satellite mass was 655 kg at beginning of life for an Ariane mission only on-station after the apogee motor had fired and station acquisition fuel was expended. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 164 deg E in 1987-1993; 156 deg E in 1993-1995; 152 deg E in 1995-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 163.96 deg E drifting at 0.005 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 31.52E drifting at 0.011E degrees per day.

• Eutelsat I F4 - . Payload: ECS 4. Mass: 1,175 kg (2,590 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. USAF Sat Cat: 18351 . COSPAR: 1987-078B. Apogee: 35,813 km (22,253 mi). Perigee: 35,760 km (22,220 mi). Inclination: 6.70 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  European communications; 10 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1987-1988; 13 deg E in 1989-1991; 7 deg E in 1991-1993; 25 deg E in 1993-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 33.14 deg E drifting at 0.002 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 120.92E drifting at 5.702W degrees per day.

• TVSAT 1 - . Payload: TV-Sat 1. Mass: 2,077 kg (4,579 lb). Nation: Germany. Agency: Bundespost. Program: TVSAT. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Completed Operations Date: 1989-02-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 18570 . COSPAR: 1987-095A. Apogee: 36,151 km (22,463 mi). Perigee: 36,066 km (22,410 mi). Inclination: 4.30 deg. Period: 1,452.60 min.

  West German communications; solar panel failed to deploy making spacecraft unusable. Because of a malfunction of the solar generator, the satellite is being used only for technical tests. Geostationary position 19 W. Launch by Ariane-2 flight no. 20. Due to a malfunction of the solar generator, TV-SAT 1 was taken out of commission and sen t to a so-called parking orbit beyond the geostationary orbit. Semi-major axis 42485.605 km. Eccentricity 0.00116. Inc 0.716, Arg of perigee 216.66, RA 76.77, Mean anomaly 47.1 Mean drift -4.071 deg/day, E long 350.617, latitude -0.713. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 18 deg W in 1988 As of 5 September 2001 located at 76.53 deg W drifting at 4.886 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 169.62W drifting at 4.874W degrees per day.

• Spacenet F3R - . Payload: Spacenet 3R. Mass: 1,212 kg (2,672 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: France Telecom. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Completed Operations Date: 1999-12-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 18951 . COSPAR: 1988-018A. Apogee: 35,980 km (22,350 mi). Perigee: 35,935 km (22,328 mi). Inclination: 2.40 deg. Period: 1,444.90 min.

  US domestic communications; 87 deg W. C, Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 87 deg W in 1988-1997; 83 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 107.85 deg W drifting at 2.220 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 153.60E drifting at 2.179W degrees per day.

• Telecom 1C - . Mass: 1,210 kg (2,660 lb). Nation: France. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Telecom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. Completed Operations Date: 1996-03-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 18952 . COSPAR: 1988-018B. Apogee: 36,860 km (22,900 mi). Perigee: 36,037 km (22,392 mi). Inclination: 5.50 deg. Period: 1,470.10 min.

  French domestic communications; 5 deg E. Communications satellite. Registration France 1984-2.B (Telecom 1A) 1985-2.B (Telecom 1B). 1988-1-C (Telecom 1C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg W in 1988-1992; 3 deg E in 1992-1996 As of 5 September 2001 located at 109.19 deg W drifting at 8.404 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 34.65E drifting at 8.341W degrees per day.

• Intelsat 5A F-13 - . Mass: 2,013 kg (4,437 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Intelsat 5. Spacecraft: Intelsat 5A. USAF Sat Cat: 19121 . COSPAR: 1988-040A. Apogee: 35,800 km (22,200 mi). Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  Replaced Intelsat 5 F-3; 53 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 53 deg W in 1988-1995; 177 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 177.08 deg W drifting at 0.009 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 44.56W drifting at 6.109W degrees per day.

• Meteosat 3 - . Mass: 696 kg (1,534 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eumetsat. Class: Earth. Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft: Meteosat. Completed Operations Date: 1995-11-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 19215 . COSPAR: 1988-051A. Apogee: 36,766 km (22,845 mi). Perigee: 36,723 km (22,818 mi). Inclination: 7.50 deg. Period: 1,485.30 min.

  Stationed at 0 deg. Meteosat P2 is a geostationary meteorological satellite operating within the world wide network of the World Weather Watch of the World Meteorological Organization. Its main missions are: Imaging in the visible, IR and water vapour region of the spectrum; data reception from so-called Data Collection Platforms (DCPs); data distribution to meteorological services and other interested parties (research institutes, etc). Geostationary position 0 deg E. ESA designator ESA/88/02. Launch time 1119:33 UT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 1 deg E in 1988-1989; 49 deg W in 1989; 4 deg W in 1990-1991; 49 deg W in 1991-1993; 75 deg W in 1993-1995; 70 deg W in 1995 As of 5 September 2001 located at 175.17 deg W drifting at 11.970 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 140.75W drifting at 11.975W degrees per day.

• Oscar 13 - . Payload: Phase 3C. Mass: 150 kg (330 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: AmSat. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Oscar. Decay Date: 1996-12-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 19216 . COSPAR: 1988-051B. Apogee: 37,995 km (23,608 mi). Perigee: 809 km (502 mi). Inclination: 57.90 deg. Period: 686.60 min.

  AMSAT-OSCAR 13 was launched by the first test flight of the Ariane 4 launcher. Size 600 x 40 x 200 mm. AO-13 was the third in a series of Phase-3 type high-altitude, elliptical orbit amateur communications satellites. It was built by an international team of radio amateurs led by Dr. Karl Meinzer of AMSAT-Germany. It carried four beacon transmitters and four linear transponders. AO-13 also contained a digital communications transponder called RUDAK-1. However attempts to get the experiment operating failed. Operational life span was 8 years. Careful analysis of AO-13's orbit in early 1990 by Victor Kudelka, OE2VKW revealed that resonant perturbations exist which lead the satellite into a negative perigee altitude. The perigee was down to 150 km by August 1996 which drastically increased atmospheric drag on the satellite until it reentered the Earth's atmosphere December 5, 1996.

• Panamsat 1 - . Payload: PAS 1. Mass: 1,220 kg (2,680 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Panamsat. Program: Panamsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: AS 3000. Spacecraft: ASC. USAF Sat Cat: 19217 . COSPAR: 1988-051C. Apogee: 36,043 km (22,396 mi). Perigee: 36,028 km (22,386 mi). Inclination: 1.20 deg. Period: 1,448.90 min. Stationed at 45 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 45 deg W in 1988-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 139.29 deg E drifting at 3.164 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 114.72W drifting at 3.187W degrees per day..

• Insat 1C - . Mass: 1,190 kg (2,620 lb). Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Program: Insat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Insat 1. Completed Operations Date: 1989-12-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 19330 . COSPAR: 1988-063A. Apogee: 35,814 km (22,253 mi). Perigee: 35,755 km (22,217 mi). Inclination: 9.00 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min.

  Stationed at 93.5 deg E; also performed communications tasks. Operational multipurpose satellite for telecommunications, meteorological imaging and data relay, radio and television programme distribution and direct television broadcasting for community reception. Geosynchronous orbit longitude 93.5 +/- 0.1 deg east. Launch vehicle Ariane 3 launch vehicle of Arianespace, 24th flight of Ariane and 9th flight of the Ariane 3 version. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 93 deg E in 1988-1989 As of 4 September 2001 located at 58.51 deg E drifting at 0.073 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 80.89E drifting at 0.154W degrees per day.

• Eutelsat I F5 - . Payload: ECS 5. Mass: 1,185 kg (2,612 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 2000-07-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 19331 . COSPAR: 1988-063B. Apogee: 36,456 km (22,652 mi). Perigee: 36,321 km (22,568 mi). Inclination: 6.10 deg. Period: 1,466.90 min.

  European communications; 13 deg E. ECS-5/Eutelsat I F5 is a regional geostationary telecommunications satellite for European countries. It is operated by the EUTELSAT organization. Frequency plan 136-138 MHz (S-E), 148-149.9 MHz (E-S), 10.7-11.7 GHz (S-E), 14.0-14.5 GHz (E-S). Launch time 2334:00 UT. ESA designator ESA/88/03. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1989-1991; 21 deg E in 1991-1998; 12 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 48.15 deg E drifting at 7.596 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 102.26W drifting at 7.597W degrees per day.

• GStar 3 - . Mass: 1,270 kg (2,790 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Completed Operations Date: 1998-01-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 19483 . COSPAR: 1988-081A. Apogee: 35,806 km (22,248 mi). Perigee: 35,769 km (22,225 mi). Inclination: 5.30 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  AKM malfunctioned, but orbit achieved using on-board propulsion system. Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 93 deg W in 1989-1996; 105 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 105.39 deg W drifting at 0.005 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 105.31W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.

• SBS 5 - . Mass: 1,241 kg (2,735 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: STLC. Program: SBS. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. Completed Operations Date: 2000-03-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 19484 . COSPAR: 1988-081B. Apogee: 35,937 km (22,330 mi). Perigee: 35,909 km (22,312 mi). Inclination: 2.00 deg. Period: 1,443.10 min. Stationed at 122 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 123 deg W in 1988-2000 As of 5 September 2001 located at 22.98 deg E drifting at 1.728 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 147.52E drifting at 1.709W degrees per day..

• TDF-1 - . Payload: TDF 1. Mass: 2,136 kg (4,709 lb). Nation: France. Agency: France Telecom. Program: TDF. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Completed Operations Date: 1996-10-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 19621 . COSPAR: 1988-098A. Apogee: 36,129 km (22,449 mi). Perigee: 36,051 km (22,401 mi). Inclination: 4.80 deg. Period: 1,451.60 min.

  French DBS; 19 deg W. Direct broadcasting satellite. French registration: TDF-1, 1988-5-B. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg W in 1988-1996 As of 1 September 2001 located at 139.53 deg W drifting at 3.885 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 5 located at 16.35W drifting at 3.870W degrees per day.

• Skynet 4B - . Mass: 1,433 kg (3,159 lb). Nation: UK. Agency: MoD. Program: Skynet. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Completed Operations Date: 1988-06-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 19687 . COSPAR: 1988-109A. Apogee: 35,967 km (22,348 mi). Perigee: 35,933 km (22,327 mi). Inclination: 7.50 deg. Period: 1,444.40 min.

  British military communications; 1 deg W. Military communications. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 1 deg W in 1989-1990; 53 deg E in 1990-1998 As of 4 September 2001 located at 60.05 deg E drifting at 2.136 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 126.32E drifting at 2.116W degrees per day.

• Astra 1A - . Mass: 1,780 kg (3,920 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: SES. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Astra. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 4000. USAF Sat Cat: 19688 . COSPAR: 1988-109B. Apogee: 35,803 km (22,246 mi). Perigee: 35,770 km (22,220 mi). Inclination: 0.80 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  European TV broadcast; 19.2 deg W. Astra 1A provides TV coverage to Western Europe. The satellite is owned and operated by Société Europíenne des Satellites (SES), a private company formed in 1985. Astra 1A is based in the GE 4000 series platform, and was the first in a network of four satellites. Spacecraft: GE 4000 platform.3-axis stabilisation with momentum wheels, magnetic torquers, Earth sensors and 16 blowdown monopropellant hydrazine thrusters. Solar arrays provide 2800 W BOL, 3 50 Ahr NiH batteries. GEO insertion by Star 37XFP solid rocket motor. Payload: 16 Ku-band transponders (with six spares) . Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg E in 1989-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 19.38 deg E drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 13.01E drifting at 6.968W degrees per day.

• Intelsat 5A F-15 - . Mass: 1,977 kg (4,358 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Intelsat 5. Spacecraft: Intelsat 5A. USAF Sat Cat: 19772 . COSPAR: 1989-006A. Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  International communications; 18 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 60 deg E in 1989-1992; 18 deg W in 1992-1996; 22 deg W in 1996-1997; 38 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 37.72 deg W drifting at 0.020 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 153.76E drifting at 4.192W degrees per day.

• JCSAT 1 - . Mass: 2,280 kg (5,020 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: JCSAT. Program: JCSAT. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 393. Completed Operations Date: 1998-08-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 19874 . COSPAR: 1989-020A. Apogee: 36,018 km (22,380 mi). Perigee: 35,971 km (22,351 mi). Inclination: 4.10 deg. Period: 1,446.80 min.

  Japanese domestic communications; 150 deg E. Domestic communication. Launching states: Japan, France, USA. Launch vehicle Ariane 29 (Ariane IV). Launching organization ARIANE SPACE. Launch time 1129 GMT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 150 deg E in 1989-1997; 148 deg E in 1997; 111 deg E in 1998 As of 31 August 2001 located at 19.12 deg E drifting at 2.653 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 63.05E drifting at 2.678W degrees per day.

• Meteosat 4 - . Payload: MOP 1. Mass: 681 kg (1,501 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eumetsat. Class: Earth. Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft: Meteosat. Completed Operations Date: 1995-11-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 19876 . COSPAR: 1989-020B. Apogee: 36,795 km (22,863 mi). Perigee: 36,600 km (22,700 mi). Inclination: 6.50 deg. Period: 1,482.90 min.

  Meteosat Operational Program; weather imaging, atmospheric data; 0 deg. Geostationary meteorological satellite, operating within the world-wide network of the World Weather Watch of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Its main missions are: imaging in the visible, infrared and water vapour region of the spectrum. Dat a reception from so called Data Collection Platforms (DCPs); data distribution to meteorological services and other interested parties (research institutes, etc). As of 4 September 2001 located at 98.34 deg W drifting at 11.393 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 21.37E drifting at 11.390W degrees per day.

• TELE-X - . Payload: Tele X. Mass: 2,142 kg (4,722 lb). Nation: Sweden. Agency: NSAB. Program: TELE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Completed Operations Date: 1998-01-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 19919 . COSPAR: 1989-027A. Apogee: 36,128 km (22,448 mi). Perigee: 36,061 km (22,407 mi). Inclination: 4.30 deg. Period: 1,451.80 min.

  TV, business communications for Nordic countries; 5 deg E. High power telecommunications satellite with a dual mission; direct TV broadcasting and data communications. Four active transponders with two redundant; power output 200 W per transponder. Coverage area - East Nordic coverage zone as defined by ITU (WARC -77). Mission period estimated to be 6 to 8 years. Position 5 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg E in 1989-1998 As of 28 August 2001 located at 138.62 deg W drifting at 3.929 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 132.37W drifting at 3.933W degrees per day.

• Superbird A - . Mass: 2,489 kg (5,487 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: SCC. Program: Superbird. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. Completed Operations Date: 1991-02-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 20040 . COSPAR: 1989-041A. Apogee: 35,944 km (22,334 mi). Perigee: 35,931 km (22,326 mi). Inclination: 2.50 deg. Period: 1,443.80 min.

  Japanese domestic business communications; 158 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 158 deg E in 1989-1990 As of 6 September 2001 located at 41.59 deg E drifting at 1.921 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 166.35W drifting at 1.878W degrees per day.

• DFS 1 - . Payload: Kopernikus 1. Mass: 1,416 kg (3,121 lb). Nation: Germany. Agency: Bundespost. Program: DFS. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. Completed Operations Date: 1996-01-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 20041 . COSPAR: 1989-041B. Apogee: 35,889 km (22,300 mi). Perigee: 35,683 km (22,172 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Multipurpose communications; 23.5 deg E. Communications satellite, position 23.5E, Ariane 4 flight no 20. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 23 deg E in 1989-1993; 33 deg E in 1993-1995 As of 5 September 2001 located at 90.12 deg E drifting at 1.435 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 41.93E drifting at 1.416E degrees per day.

• Olympus-1 - . Payload: Olympus F1. Mass: 2,595 kg (5,720 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Technology. Type: Communications technology satellite. Spacecraft: Olympus. Completed Operations Date: 1993-08-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 20122 . COSPAR: 1989-053A. Apogee: 35,817 km (22,255 mi). Perigee: 35,758 km (22,218 mi). Inclination: 1.20 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  Commsat technology demonstration;19 deg W. Olympus-1 is a multi-payload communications satellite for direct TV broadcast in the bands of the 1977 Geneva Plan of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) (including a national beam to Italy) plus communication transponde rs in the 14/12 GHz, 2nd 30/20 GHz bands. The latter are also used for a data relay experiment with ESA's EURECA satellite. Position on geostationary orbit 341 deg E. Launch time 0014:00 UT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg W in 1989-1991; 19 deg W in 1991-1993 As of 4 September 2001 located at 82.22 deg E drifting at 3.961 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 118.63E drifting at 3.947E degrees per day.

• TVSAT 2 - . Mass: 2,130 kg (4,690 lb). Nation: Germany. Agency: Bundespost. Program: TVSAT. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Completed Operations Date: 1999-09-12 . USAF Sat Cat: 20168 . COSPAR: 1989-062A. Apogee: 35,951 km (22,338 mi). Perigee: 35,863 km (22,284 mi). Inclination: 3.30 deg. Period: 1,442.20 min.

  TV services to West Germany; 19 deg W. Direct broadcasting satellite. Position 19 deg W. Ariane 4, flight no 33. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg W in 1989-1995; 1 deg W in 1995-1998; 12 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 31 August 2001 located at 29.41 deg W drifting at 1.503 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 150.44E drifting at 1.494W degrees per day.

• Hipparcos - . Mass: 1,130 kg (2,490 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Astronomy. Type: X-ray astronomy satellite. Spacecraft: Hipparcos. USAF Sat Cat: 20169 . COSPAR: 1989-062B. Apogee: 35,836 km (22,267 mi). Perigee: 542 km (336 mi). Inclination: 6.70 deg. Period: 638.70 min. Didn't reach GEO due to AKM failure; measured star positions. Scientific satellite for astrometry. Frequency plan 2054.25 /2241 MHz. Launch time 2325:53 UT. Designator ESA/89/03. .

• Intelsat 6A F-2 - . Payload: Intelsat 602. Mass: 4,215 kg (9,292 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 393. USAF Sat Cat: 20315 . COSPAR: 1989-087A. Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.70 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 24.5 deg E. At the time, the Intelsat 6 series were the largest commercial spacecraft ever built. The series were also the first commercial satellites to employ Satellite Switched/Time Division Multiple Access (SS/TDMA) techniques. Spacecraft: Based on Hughes 393 bus. Spin stabilised with despun antenna. Hydrazine propulsion system. Passive thermal control. Telescoping dual-cylinder structure with deployed antennas. Body mounted solar cells generate 2250 W (EOL). Solar drums are each about 6m tall. Payload: 38 (plus 12 backup) C-Band and 10 (plus 4 backup) Ku-Band transponders.120,000 telephone calls and 3 colour TV broadcasts simultaneously. SS/TDMA (Satellite-Switched Time Division Multiple Access) techniques used. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 37 deg W in 1989-1990; 24 deg W in 1990-1991; 55 deg E in 1991; 60 deg E in 1992; 63 deg E in 1992-1997; 62 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 29 August 2001 located at 62.02 deg E drifting at 0.018 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 150.55E drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.

• SPOT 2 - . Mass: 1,870 kg (4,120 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Program: SPOT. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft: SPOT-1-2-3. USAF Sat Cat: 20436 . COSPAR: 1990-005A. Apogee: 826 km (513 mi). Perigee: 825 km (512 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 101.40 min. Remote sensing. Earth observation satellite. Registration 1990-1-B..

• Oscar 18 - . Payload: Webersat. Mass: 12 kg (26 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Weber. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Oscar. USAF Sat Cat: 20441 . COSPAR: 1990-005F. Apogee: 797 km (495 mi). Perigee: 780 km (480 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.60 min. Carried Earth imaging camera. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). .

• Oscar 14 - . Payload: UoSAT 3. Mass: 46 kg (101 lb). Nation: UK. Agency: Surrey. Manufacturer: Surrey. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-70. USAF Sat Cat: 20437 . COSPAR: 1990-005B. Apogee: 797 km (495 mi). Perigee: 781 km (485 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.70 min.

  University of Surrey experimental satellite. The first of Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd's modular microsatellites. Launched on the Ariane ASAP; carried an operational store and forward communications payload with extensive radiation monitoring experiments for SatelLife and Data Trax Inc (USA). Still operational in 2000. Owner/operator University of Surrey, Dept of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH.

• Oscar 16 - . Payload: PACSAT. Mass: 12 kg (26 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Arianespace. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Oscar. USAF Sat Cat: 20439 . COSPAR: 1990-005D. Apogee: 797 km (495 mi). Perigee: 781 km (485 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.60 min. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). .

• Oscar 15 - . Payload: UoSAT 4. Mass: 48 kg (105 lb). Nation: UK. Agency: Surrey. Manufacturer: Surrey. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-70. USAF Sat Cat: 20438 . COSPAR: 1990-005C. Apogee: 798 km (495 mi). Perigee: 784 km (487 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.70 min.

  Technology demonstration mission carrying transponder, solar cell, CCD camera technology experiments. Customer: University of Surrey/European Space Agency. Launched alongside UoSAT-3, the microsatellite operated perfectly for 2 days before a failure occured in the downlink. Owner/operator University of Surrey, Dept of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH. Box shaped 350 x 350 x 650 mm. Four solar panels and 6 m gravity gradient boom.

• Oscar 17 - . Payload: Microsat 2. Mass: 12 kg (26 lb). Nation: Brazil. Agency: Arianespace. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Oscar. USAF Sat Cat: 20440 . COSPAR: 1990-005E. Apogee: 796 km (494 mi). Perigee: 780 km (480 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.60 min.

• Oscar 19 - . Payload: LuSat. Mass: 12 kg (26 lb). Nation: Argentina. Agency: Arianespace. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Oscar. USAF Sat Cat: 20442 . COSPAR: 1990-005G. Apogee: 797 km (495 mi). Perigee: 779 km (484 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.60 min. Carried CCD camera..

• Superbird B - . Mass: 2,492 kg (5,493 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: SCC. Program: Superbird. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. Decay Date: 1990-02-23 . Apogee: 9.00 km (5.50 mi). Launched with BS-2X. Targeted for Geosynch orbit..

• BS 2X - . Payload: BS 2X. Mass: 2,800 kg (6,100 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Arianespace. Program: BS. Spacecraft: HS 376. Apogee: 9.00 km (5.50 mi).

• TDF 2 - . Mass: 2,096 kg (4,620 lb). Nation: France. Agency: France Telecom. Program: TDF. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Completed Operations Date: 1999-05-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 20705 . COSPAR: 1990-063A. Apogee: 36,435 km (22,639 mi). Perigee: 36,085 km (22,422 mi). Inclination: 3.10 deg. Period: 1,460.40 min.

  French DBS; 19 deg W. Direct broadcasting satellite. Registration 1990-2-B. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg W in 1990-1997; 36 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 62.59 deg E drifting at 6.006 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 98.15W drifting at 5.991W degrees per day.

• DFS 2 - . Payload: Kopernikus 2. Mass: 1,418 kg (3,126 lb). Nation: Germany. Agency: Bundespost. Program: DFS. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. USAF Sat Cat: 20706 . COSPAR: 1990-063B. Apogee: 36,014 km (22,378 mi). Perigee: 35,965 km (22,347 mi). Inclination: 1.40 deg. Period: 1,446.50 min.

  West German DBS; 28.5 deg E. Communications satellite, position 28.5E Ariane 4 flight no 37. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 28 deg E in 1990-1999 As of 30 August 2001 located at 32.30 deg E drifting at 0.451 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 128.29W drifting at 2.623W degrees per day.

• Skynet 4C - . Mass: 1,463 kg (3,225 lb). Nation: UK. Agency: MoD. Program: Skynet. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. USAF Sat Cat: 20776 . COSPAR: 1990-079A. Apogee: 35,793 km (22,240 mi). Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 2.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  UK military communications; 1 deg W. United Kingdom military communications satellite. Owner/operator: UK Ministry of Defence. Expected operational life 10 years. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 1 deg W in 1990-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 0.97 deg W drifting at 0.002 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 1.27W drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.

• Eutelsat II F1 - . Mass: 1,878 kg (4,140 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. USAF Sat Cat: 20777 . COSPAR: 1990-079B. Apogee: 35,806 km (22,248 mi). Perigee: 35,769 km (22,225 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  Stationed at 13 deg E. Telecommunications satellite. Registered by France in ST/SG/SER.E/234 and 239 until EUTELSAT can register the satellite. EUTELSAT is the European Telecommunications Satellite Organization. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 13 deg E in 1990-1998; 48 deg E in 1999. As of 26 August 2001 located at 48.45 deg E drifting at 0.011 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 6.45E drifting at 3.328W degrees per day.

• SBS 6 - . Mass: 2,478 kg (5,463 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: HCI. Program: SBS. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 20872 . COSPAR: 1990-091A. Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 99 deg W. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 97 deg W in 1990; 99 deg W in 1991-1994; 95 deg W in 1994-1995; 74 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 74.05 deg W drifting at 0.010 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 74.06W drifting at 0.011W degrees per day.

• Galaxy 6 - . Payload: Westar 6S. Mass: 1,212 kg (2,672 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: HCI. Program: Galaxy. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 20873 . COSPAR: 1990-091B. Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Geostationary at 99 deg W. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 91 deg W in 1990-1991; 99 deg W in 1991-1993; 103 deg W in 1993-1994; 74 deg W in 1994-1998; 99 deg W in 1998-1999; 91 deg W in 2000.; 74 deg W in 2000. As of 5 September 2001 located at 73.96 deg W drifting at 0.015 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 14.62E drifting at 1.829W degrees per day.

• Satcom C1 - . Payload: Satcom C1. Mass: 1,169 kg (2,577 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GE Americom. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Satcom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. USAF Sat Cat: 20945 . COSPAR: 1990-100A. Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 137 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 137 deg W in 1990-1991; 139 deg W in 1991; 137 deg W in 1991-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 78.98 deg W drifting at 0.013 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 151.83E drifting at 3.912W degrees per day.

• GStar 4 - . Mass: 1,295 kg (2,854 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: GTE. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. USAF Sat Cat: 20946 . COSPAR: 1990-100B. Apogee: 35,790 km (22,230 mi). Perigee: 35,785 km (22,235 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 125 deg W. Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 125 deg W in 1990-1992; 105 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 6 September 2001 located at 104.95 deg W drifting at 0.005 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 74.47W drifting at 4.077W degrees per day.

• Italsat 1 - . Mass: 1,865 kg (4,111 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: ASI. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Italsat. USAF Sat Cat: 21055 . COSPAR: 1991-003A. Apogee: 35,919 km (22,318 mi). Perigee: 35,817 km (22,255 mi). Inclination: 4.20 deg. Period: 1,440.20 min.

  Experimental commsat; 13.2 deg E. ITALSAT is a body stabilized geostationary satellite and it is proposed to provide pre-operational domestic telecommunications services on the 20/30 GHz bands. Geographic longitude 13.2 deg E. Longitudinal tolerance +/- 0.1 deg. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 13 deg E in 1991-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 144.14 deg E drifting at 1.021 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 86.26E drifting at 1.156W degrees per day.

• Eutelsat II F2 - . Mass: 1,878 kg (4,140 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. USAF Sat Cat: 21056 . COSPAR: 1991-003B. Apogee: 35,814 km (22,253 mi). Perigee: 35,759 km (22,219 mi). Inclination: 2.20 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 10 deg E. Telecommunications satellite. Registered by France in ST/SG/SER.E/234 and 239 until EUTELSAT can register the satellite. EUTELSAT is the European Telecommunications Satellite Organization. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1991-1999 12 deg W in 1999-2000 As of 4 September 2001 located at 12.60 deg W drifting at 0.009 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 28.49E drifting at 4.801W degrees per day.

• Astra 1B - . Mass: 2,620 kg (5,770 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: SES. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Astra. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 5000. USAF Sat Cat: 21139 . COSPAR: 1991-015A. Apogee: 35,799 km (22,244 mi). Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 19.2 deg E; European coverage. Astra 1B provides TV coverage to Western Europe. The satellite is owned and operated by Société Europíenne des Satellites (SES), a private company formed in 1985. Astra 1B is the second in a network of four satellites. SES acquired Astra 1B from DBS Crimson Satellite Associates while still under construction by GE Astro Space (as Satcom K3). Astra 1B is colocated with Astra 1A, and doubled the number of channels provided by the Astra network. Spacecraft: GE 5000 platform.3-axis stabilisation with momentum wheels, magnetic torquers, Earth sensors and 20 blowdown monopropellant hydrazine thrusters. Solar arrays provide 4850 W BOL, 4 50 Ahr NiH batteries. GEO insertion provided by 2 500N bipropellant motors. Payload: 16 Ku-band transponders (with six spares) Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg E in 1991-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 19.20 deg E drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 92.40W drifting at 6.354W degrees per day.

• Meteosat 5 - . Payload: MOP 2. Mass: 681 kg (1,501 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Earth. Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft: Meteosat. USAF Sat Cat: 21140 . COSPAR: 1991-015B. Apogee: 35,765 km (22,223 mi). Perigee: 35,758 km (22,218 mi). Inclination: 0.30 deg. Period: 1,434.90 min.

  Earth imaging for weather, climatology, atmospheric physics; 4 deg E. Geostationary meteorological satellite, operating within the world-wide network of the World Weather Watch of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Its main missions are: imaging in the visible, infrared and water vapour region of the spectrum. Dat a reception from so called Data Collection Platforms (DCPs); data distribution to meteorological services and other interested parties (research institutes, etc). Launch time 2336:00 UT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 4 deg W in 1991; 1 deg W in 1991; 4 deg W in 1991-1992; 1 deg W in 1992; 8 deg W in 1993-1997; 9 deg W in 1997-1998; 63 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 62.77 deg E drifting at 0.000 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 1 located at 63.15E drifting at 0.006E degrees per day.

• Anik E2 - . Mass: 2,923 kg (6,444 lb). Nation: Canada. Agency: Telesat. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Anik. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 5000. USAF Sat Cat: 21222 . COSPAR: 1991-026A. Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Canadian communications; 107.3 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 107 deg W in 1991-1999 As of 6 September 2001 located at 111.10 deg W drifting at 0.003 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 123.15E drifting at 4.124W degrees per day..

• ERS 1 - . Mass: 2,384 kg (5,255 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Earth. Type: Civilian Radarsat. Spacecraft: ERS 1-2. USAF Sat Cat: 21574 . COSPAR: 1991-050A. Apogee: 775 km (481 mi). Perigee: 774 km (480 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.30 min.

  Microwave, IR imaging of oceans, ice and land; SAR. ERS-1 was an Earth exploration satellite, using active and passive sensors for oceanography etc. Frequency plan: 2048.85/2225 MHz (TTC), 7225.2960/8489 MHz (PRARE), 8040, 8140 MHz (data transmission). Launch time 0146:31 UT. Designator ESA/91/02.

• Tubsat-A - . Payload: Tubsat A. Mass: 38 kg (83 lb). Nation: Germany. Agency: Orbcomm. Program: Tubsat. Class: Technology. Type: Communications technology satellite. Spacecraft: Tubsat. USAF Sat Cat: 21577 . COSPAR: 1991-050D. Apogee: 772 km (479 mi). Perigee: 762 km (473 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.20 min.

  Tubsat-A was the first satellite built at Germany's Technical University of Berlin was intended primarily to test attitude control subsystems and give students practice in the design, construction and operation of a satellite. Tubsat-A was launched piggyback with the first ERS mission, and because of it's near polar orbit, the spacecraft became an important communications tool for arctic and Antarctic expeditions. The spacecraft also acted as a testbed for some industry technology including GaAs cells and a transputer. Payload: Star Sensor, Sun Sensor, 3-Axis Magnetic Field Sensor, Magnetorquer, Store & Forward Communication. Dimensions: 38x38x38 cm. Mass: 35 kg. Still in operation as of 2003.

• Oscar 22 - . Payload: UoSAT 5. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: UK. Agency: TUB. Manufacturer: Surrey. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-70. USAF Sat Cat: 21575 . COSPAR: 1991-050B. Apogee: 772 km (479 mi). Perigee: 759 km (471 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.20 min. Customer: SateLife. Carried store and forward communications and Earth observation payloads, replacing those lost on UoSAT-4. Still operational in 2000..

• Orbcomm-X - . Payload: ERS 1 Orbcomm X. Mass: 22 kg (48 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: ESIEESPA. Class: Technology. Type: Communications technology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: MicroStar. Spacecraft: Orbcomm. USAF Sat Cat: 21576 . COSPAR: 1991-050C. Apogee: 771 km (479 mi). Perigee: 764 km (474 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.20 min. Store and forward communication..

• SARA - . Mass: 26 kg (57 lb). Nation: France. Agency: ESIEESPA. Class: Astronomy. Type: X-ray astronomy satellite. Spacecraft: SARA. USAF Sat Cat: 21578 . COSPAR: 1991-050E. Apogee: 764 km (474 mi). Perigee: 756 km (469 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.00 min. Satellite built by the ESIEES school in Paris to observe radio emissions from Jupiter..

• Intelsat 6 F-5 - . Payload: Intelsat 605. Mass: 4,296 kg (9,471 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 393. USAF Sat Cat: 21653 . COSPAR: 1991-055A. Apogee: 35,788 km (22,237 mi). Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  International communications; 14.5 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 24 deg W in 1991-1997; 27 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 27.48 deg W drifting at 0.015 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 174.03E drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.

• Anik E1 - . Mass: 2,977 kg (6,563 lb). Nation: Canada. Agency: Telesat. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Anik. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 5000. USAF Sat Cat: 21726 . COSPAR: 1991-067A. Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 111.1 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 111 deg W in 1991-1999 As of 6 September 2001 located at 118.68 deg W drifting at 0.000 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 31.37E drifting at 3.973W degrees per day..

• Intelsat 6A F-1 - . Payload: Intelsat 601. Mass: 4,330 kg (9,540 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 393. USAF Sat Cat: 21765 . COSPAR: 1991-075A. Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  International communications; 27.5 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 27 deg W in 1992-1997; 34 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 34.48 deg W drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 63.65E drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.

• Telecom 2A - . Mass: 2,275 kg (5,015 lb). Nation: France. Agency: France Telecom. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Telecom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 21813 . COSPAR: 1991-084A. Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  French communications; 3 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 3 deg E in 1992; 8 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 8.05 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 111.59E drifting at 4.763W degrees per day.

• Inmarsat 2 F3 - . Mass: 1,310 kg (2,880 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Inmarsat. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Inmarsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 1000. USAF Sat Cat: 21814 . COSPAR: 1991-084B. Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 1.40 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Global maritime and mobile communications; 178 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 178 deg E in 1992-1997; 65 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 29 August 2001 located at 65.01 deg E drifting at 0.003 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 155.28W drifting at 15.158W degrees per day.

• Superbird B1 - . Mass: 2,560 kg (5,640 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: SCC. Program: Superbird. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 21893 . COSPAR: 1992-010A. Apogee: 36,206 km (22,497 mi). Perigee: 36,057 km (22,404 mi). Inclination: 0.90 deg. Period: 1,453.80 min.

  Stationed at 162 deg E. Domestic communications. Launching organization Arianespace. Launch time 2358 GMT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 162 deg E in 1992-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 19.90 deg W drifting at 4.382 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 164.51E drifting at 4.378W degrees per day.

• Arabsat 1C - . Mass: 1,310 kg (2,880 lb). Nation: Arab States. Agency: Arabsat. Program: Arabsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. USAF Sat Cat: 21894 . COSPAR: 1992-010B. Apogee: 35,808 km (22,250 mi). Perigee: 35,763 km (22,222 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 31 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 31 deg E in 1992-1997; 55 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 55.07 deg E drifting at 0.005 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 172.70E drifting at 5.710W degrees per day.

• Telecom 2B - . Mass: 2,200 kg (4,800 lb). Nation: France. Agency: France Telecom. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Telecom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 21939 . COSPAR: 1992-021A. Apogee: 35,804 km (22,247 mi). Perigee: 35,769 km (22,225 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 3 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 24.98 deg E drifting at 0.634 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 77.10W drifting at 2.683W degrees per day..

• Inmarsat 2 F4 - . Mass: 1,385 kg (3,053 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Inmarsat. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Inmarsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 1000. USAF Sat Cat: 21940 . COSPAR: 1992-021B. Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 2.40 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  Stationed at 55 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 54 deg W in 1992-1997; 17 deg W in 1997-1999; DRIFT As of 4 September 2001 located at 109.00 deg E drifting at 0.022 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 108.99E drifting at 0.020W degrees per day.

• Insat 2A - . Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Program: Insat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Insat 2. USAF Sat Cat: 22027 . COSPAR: 1992-041A. Apogee: 35,839 km (22,269 mi). Perigee: 35,788 km (22,237 mi). Inclination: 4.10 deg. Period: 1,437.50 min.

  Stationed at 74 deg E; also performed communications functions. INSAT-2A is a multi-purpose satellite, and it will provide the following services: Domestic long-distance telecommunications, meteorological earth observation and data collection services, direct satellite TV broadcasting to community TV receivers in rura l and remote areas, radio and TV progamme distribution, and Satellite Aided Search and Rescue services. Geostationary longitude 74 +/0 0.1 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 74 deg E in 1992-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 48.18 deg E drifting at 0.010 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 5 located at 25.76W drifting at 0.201W degrees per day.

• Eutelsat II F4 - . Mass: 1,877 kg (4,138 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. USAF Sat Cat: 22028 . COSPAR: 1992-041B. Apogee: 35,841 km (22,270 mi). Perigee: 35,806 km (22,248 mi). Inclination: 1.20 deg. Period: 1,438.00 min. Stationed at 7 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 7 deg E in 1992-1999; 10 deg E in 1999. As of 3 September 2001 located at 25.62 deg E drifting at 0.019 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 120.18E drifting at 4.301W degrees per day..

• Topex/Poseidon - . Mass: 2,402 kg (5,295 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES, JPL. Class: Earth. Type: Sea satellite. Spacecraft Bus: MMS. Spacecraft: Topex/Poseidon. USAF Sat Cat: 22076 . COSPAR: 1992-052A. Apogee: 1,344 km (835 mi). Perigee: 1,331 km (827 mi). Inclination: 66.00 deg. Period: 112.40 min. Ocean sensing, mapping. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B)..

• Oscar 23 - . Payload: Kitsat-A. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: Korea South. Agency: KAIST. Manufacturer: Surrey. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-70. USAF Sat Cat: 22077 . COSPAR: 1992-052B. Apogee: 1,322 km (821 mi). Perigee: 1,310 km (810 mi). Inclination: 66.10 deg. Period: 111.90 min. Korean's first satellite achieved via a technology transfer programme with Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. Carried store and forward communications, DSP and Earth observation payloads. Still operational in 2000..

• S80/T - . Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Manufacturer: Surrey. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-70. USAF Sat Cat: 22078 . COSPAR: 1992-052C. Apogee: 1,322 km (821 mi). Perigee: 1,308 km (812 mi). Inclination: 66.10 deg. Period: 111.90 min.

  An industrial research microsatellite built by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL) for Matra and CNES to carry out 'Little LEO' communications service experiments. Still operational in 2000. S80/T was designed to investigate the technical feasibility of using a constellation of small satellites placed in near-Earth orbit to provide global communications and position location using only hand-held terminals. S80/T was the first fully commercial application of the SSTL multi-mission, modular microsatellite platform developed at the University of Surrey. The same basic platform was also used for the Korean KITSAT-A microsatellite, which accompanied S80/T into orbit on the same launch. The S80/T mission was completed, from concept to launch, within one year and SSTL delivered the platform, associated groundstation equipment and would be providing operations support during the mission within a contract of less than £1M.

• Hispasat 1A - . Mass: 2,194 kg (4,836 lb). Nation: Spain. Agency: Hispasat. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Hispasat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 22116 . COSPAR: 1992-060A. Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. Stationed at 30 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 30 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 29.99 deg W drifting at 0.013 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 83.37E drifting at 3.458W degrees per day..

• Satcom C3 - . Mass: 1,375 kg (3,031 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GE Americom. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Satcom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. USAF Sat Cat: 22117 . COSPAR: 1992-060B. Apogee: 35,789 km (22,238 mi). Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 131 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 143 deg W in 1992; 131 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 130.93 deg W drifting at 0.000 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 79.06W drifting at 0.008W degrees per day..

• Galaxy 7 - . Mass: 2,968 kg (6,543 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: HCI. Program: Galaxy. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. Duration: 2,947.00 days. USAF Sat Cat: 22205 . COSPAR: 1992-072A. Apogee: 35,968 km (22,349 mi). Perigee: 35,917 km (22,317 mi). Inclination: 1.50 deg. Period: 1,444.10 min.

  Geostationary at 91 deg W. The Galaxy 7 satellite failed on November 22, 2000, the third such satellite to fall victim to a design flaw in the on-board computers. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 91 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 32.55 deg E drifting at 2.022 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 141.47W drifting at 2.077W degrees per day.

• Superbird A1 - . Mass: 2,780 kg (6,120 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: SCC. Program: Superbird. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 22253 . COSPAR: 1992-084A. Apogee: 35,800 km (22,200 mi). Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 158 deg E. Domestic communications. Launching states: Japan and France. Launch time 2248 GMT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 158 deg E in 1993-1999 As of 31 August 2001 located at 157.95 deg E drifting at 0.011 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 158.03E drifting at 0.006W degrees per day.

• Astra 1C - . Mass: 2,790 kg (6,150 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: SES. Program: Astra. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 22653 . COSPAR: 1993-031A. Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 1.2 deg E. TV distribution services to Western Europe and the Canary Islands under franchise from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Contracted and controlled by the private company formed in 1985 called Société Europíenne des Satellites (SES). This is the third in a series of 4 medium power satellites, and will act primarily as Astra 1A's backup. Spacecraft: HS-601 platform.3-axis unified ARC 22 N and one Marquardt 490 N bipropellant thrusters, Sun and Barnes Earth sensors and two 61 Nms 2-axis gimballed momentum bias wheels.1658 kg nitrogen tetroxide & MMH in four spheres. Spin-stabilised in transfer orbit. Twin solar wings of three 2.16 x 2.54 m panels carrying large area silicon cells on Kevlar substrate to satisfy 3.3 kW requirement. Eclipse protection provided by Nickel hydrogen batteries. Payload: 18 eclipse protected transponders, plus six spares with 63W TWTA 10.95-11.200 Ghz down Ku-band European beams in 250 Mhz band adjacent (below) to Astra 1A, 26 Mhz bandwidth, eirp 50 dBW min, orthogonal polarisation, operating in the FSS range Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg E in 1993-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 19.21 deg E drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 4.54E drifting at 0.051E degrees per day.

• Oscar 29 - . Payload: Arsene. Mass: 154 kg (339 lb). Nation: France. Agency: RACE. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Oscar. USAF Sat Cat: 22654 . COSPAR: 1993-031B. Apogee: 36,582 km (22,730 mi). Perigee: 17,469 km (10,854 mi). Inclination: 5.30 deg. Period: 1,012.60 min. Operated by Radio Amateur Club de LeSpace..

• Galaxy 4 - . Payload: Galaxy 4H. Mass: 2,988 kg (6,587 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: HCI. Program: Galaxy. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 22694 . COSPAR: 1993-039A. Apogee: 35,829 km (22,263 mi). Perigee: 35,743 km (22,209 mi). Inclination: 3.40 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Geostationary at 99 deg W. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 99 deg W in 1993-1998 As of 6 September 2001 located at 76.26 deg E drifting at 0.041 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 77.40E drifting at 0.010E degrees per day.

• Hispasat-1B - . Mass: 2,120 kg (4,670 lb). Nation: Spain. Agency: Hispasat. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Hispasat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 22723 . COSPAR: 1993-048A. Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 30 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 30 deg W in 1993-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 30.13 deg W drifting at 0.024 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 157.75E drifting at 1.953W degrees per day..

• Insat 2B - . Mass: 1,931 kg (4,257 lb). Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Program: Insat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Insat 2. USAF Sat Cat: 22724 . COSPAR: 1993-048B. Apogee: 35,802 km (22,246 mi). Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min.

  Stationed at 93.5 deg E; also acted as communications platform; carried search and rescue package. INSAT-2B is a multi-purpose satellite, and it will provide the following services: Domestic long range communications, meteorological Earth observation and data collection service, Direct satellite TV broadcasting to community TV recievers in rural and re mote areas, Radio and TV programme distribution, satellite aided search and rescue services. Inclination will be reduced to 0.1 deg and maintained. Geostationary longitude 93.5 +/- 0.1 deg E. Launch on Arianespace flight 58. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 93 deg E in 1993-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 93.47 deg E drifting at 0.015 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 63.82W drifting at 1.099W degrees per day.

• SPOT 3 - . Payload: Spot 3. Mass: 1,907 kg (4,204 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Program: SPOT. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft: SPOT-1-2-3. USAF Sat Cat: 22823 . COSPAR: 1993-061A. Apogee: 823 km (511 mi). Perigee: 821 km (510 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 101.30 min. Remote sensing..

• ITAMsat - . Payload: Oscar 26. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: AmSat. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Oscar. USAF Sat Cat: 22828 . COSPAR: 1993-061F. Apogee: 802 km (498 mi). Perigee: 789 km (490 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 100.80 min. ITAMsat was built by AMSAT-ITALY. Its mission was to store and forward amateur radio messages..

• Kitsat-2 - . Payload: Oscar 25. Mass: 49 kg (108 lb). Nation: Korea South. Agency: KAIST. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Kitsat. USAF Sat Cat: 22825 . COSPAR: 1993-061C. Apogee: 801 km (497 mi). Perigee: 790 km (490 mi). Inclination: 98.30 deg. Period: 100.80 min.

  KITSAT-OSCAR 25 was a South Korean experimental microsatellite based on the SSTL UoSAT bus built by the Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). KO-25 was operated from The Satellite Technology Research Center (SaTReC) in South Korea. KO-25's mission was to take CCD pictures, process numerical information, measure radiation, and receive and forward messages. The Infrared Sensor Experiment (IREX) was designed to acquire I/V characteristics of IR sensors. A passive cooling structure was devised for this experiment. KO-25 was eventually operated purely as a packet store-and-forward satellite.

• Healthsat 2 - . Mass: 48 kg (105 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Satelife. Manufacturer: Surrey. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-70. USAF Sat Cat: 22827 . COSPAR: 1993-061E. Apogee: 803 km (498 mi). Perigee: 789 km (490 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 100.80 min.

  Customer: SateLife. Store and forward communications satellite operating in the SatelLife 'HealthNet' LEO satellite communications network for remote regions. Still operational as of 2000.

  Healthsat - II joined UoSAT-3/HealthSat-I as the second microsatellite in the HealthNet global communications system of SatelLife, a U.S. not-for-profit organisation. HealthNet, which was licensed in eighteen countries in Africa and Latin America, was providing desperately needed low cost 'last mile' communication links between medical institutions and health programmes in the developing world.

  The HealthSat-II mission was completed, from concept to launch, within one year. SSTL were responsible for all the programmatic aspects of the mission including procuring the launch slot on the Ariane ASAP and arranging suitable insurance for the launch and early commissioning phase - all within a total contract price of £1M. Additional Details: here....

• Eyesat 1 - . Payload: Oscar 27. Mass: 12 kg (26 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Interfer. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Oscar. USAF Sat Cat: 22829 . COSPAR: 1993-061G. Apogee: 803 km (498 mi). Perigee: 790 km (490 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 100.80 min.

  Experimental Interferometric Microsatellite built by Interferometrics Inc, of Chantilly, Virginia. The satellite was also equipped with amateur radio equipment, constructed by AMRAD, a non-profit organization of radio amateurs, to conduct digital satellite communications experiments. The Amrad-Oscar-27 payload was an 'FM Repeater', consisting of a crystal controlled FM receiver operation at 145.850 MHz and a crystal controlled FM transmitter operating at approximately 436.795 MHz. Output power of the transmitter was normally 0.5 watts. Because of the satellite's limited power budget the amateur transmitter was on for only part of the daylight portion of each orbit. As of September 1998, the satellite passed its five year design goal.

• Stella - . Payload: Stella. Mass: 48 kg (105 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Class: Earth. Type: Geodetic satellite. Spacecraft: STELLA. USAF Sat Cat: 22824 . COSPAR: 1993-061B. Apogee: 805 km (500 mi). Perigee: 797 km (495 mi). Inclination: 98.30 deg. Period: 100.90 min. Laser reflectors..

• Posat 1 - . Payload: Oscar 28. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: Portugal. Agency: INETI. Manufacturer: Surrey. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-70. USAF Sat Cat: 22826 . COSPAR: 1993-061D. Apogee: 801 km (497 mi). Perigee: 789 km (490 mi). Inclination: 98.30 deg. Period: 100.80 min. Portugal's first satellite achieved through a technology transfer programme with Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. Carried store and forward, DSP communications, GPS and Earth observation payloads. Still operational in 2000.. Additional Details: here....

• Intelsat 701 - . Payload: Intelsat 7 F 1. Mass: 3,650 kg (8,040 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 22871 . COSPAR: 1993-066A. Apogee: 35,802 km (22,246 mi). Perigee: 35,769 km (22,225 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  International communications. The Intelsat 7 and 7A series were nearly identical except for an increase in the number of Ku-band transponders in the 7A series. Spacecraft: 3-axis stabilised. Hydrazine propulsion system. Two large solar panels with 1-axis articulation provide 3900W BOL. Payload: 7: 26 C-Band and 10 Ku-Band transponders.18,000 telephone calls and 3 colour TV broadcasts simultaneously. Or up to 90,000 telephone circuits using digital circuit multiplication equipment (DCME).7A: 26 C-Band and 14 Ku-Band transponders.22,500 telephone calls and 3 colour TV broadcasts simultaneously. Or up to 112,500 telephone circuits using DCME. Three independently steerable, high-powered, Ku-band spot beams. Independently steerable C-band spot beam coverage. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 121 deg E in 1993; 174 deg E in 1994-1997; 180 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 6 September 2001 located at 179.91 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 179.97W drifting at 0.001E degrees per day.

• Solidaridad 1 - . Mass: 2,776 kg (6,120 lb). Nation: Mexico. Agency: Tele Mex. Program: Morelos. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 22911 . COSPAR: 1993-073A. Apogee: 35,811 km (22,251 mi). Perigee: 35,766 km (22,223 mi). Inclination: 1.50 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. Stationed at 109.2 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 109 deg W in 1993-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 101.71 deg W drifting at 0.010 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 102.54W drifting at 0.027W degrees per day..

• Meteosat 6 - . Payload: MOP 3. Mass: 704 kg (1,552 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Earth. Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft: Meteosat. USAF Sat Cat: 22912 . COSPAR: 1993-073B. Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 2.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 0 deg. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg W in 1994-1997; deg W in 1997-1998; 9 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 9.14 deg W drifting at 0.012 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 36.89E drifting at 0.610E degrees per day.

• DBS 1 - . Mass: 2,860 kg (6,300 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: DirecTV. Program: DirecTV. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 22930 . COSPAR: 1993-078A. Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,775 km (22,229 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Stationed at 101.2 deg W. DirecTV, Inc. is a subsidiary of Hughes Communications and offers commercial satellite television service to the US. The orbital part of the system consists of 3 Hughes-built geosynchronous satellites. Broadcast services began in mid-1994. Competitors include the similar Primestar and USSB services, as well as older C-band satellite services and cable TV companies. Spacecraft: DirecTV uses the Hughes HS-601 spacecraft design.3-Axis stabilised, zero momentum biased control system. Two solar arrays (4 panels each side) span 31 meters and generate 4.3 kW power. Payload: The 2.5 m diameter graphite transmit reflector performs beam shaping.16 x 120 watt Ka-Band (12.2 - 12.7 GHz) transponders with 48-53 dBw EIRP and 24 MHz bandwidth. Power is higher in areas with heavy rain. The high power combined with Reed Solomon error correction coding allow the use of small 18 inch antennas by customers.
  Financial/Operational:
  FCC approved Direct Broadcast Satellites in 1986. By 1997 DirecTV had 2.6 million of 5.0 million US direct broadcast television subscribers. Direct Broadcast Satellites cost $ 175 million each and have 150 video channels. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 101 deg W in 1994-1999; 110 deg W in 1999-2000 As of 6 September 2001 located at 109.78 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 72.51W drifting at 0.011W degrees per day.

• Thaicom - . Mass: 1,080 kg (2,380 lb). Nation: Thailand. Agency: Shinawat. Program: Thaicom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 22931 . COSPAR: 1993-078B. Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Perigee: 35,783 km (22,234 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 78 deg E in 1994-1997; 120 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 120.00 deg E drifting at 0.017 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 119.92E drifting at 0.025W degrees per day..

• Eutelsat II F5 - . Mass: 1,880 kg (4,140 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. Decay Date: 1994-01-24 . Launched with Turksat 1..

• Turksat 1A - . Payload: Turksat 1A. Mass: 1,890 kg (4,160 lb). Nation: Turkey. Agency: Arianespace. Program: Turksat. Spacecraft: Spacebus 2000.

• Intelsat 702 - . Mass: 3,695 kg (8,146 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 23124 . COSPAR: 1994-034A. Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.0200 deg. Period: 1,436.07 min.

  Stationed at 1.03 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 38 deg W in 1994; 1 deg W in 1994-1996; 177 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 175.99 deg E drifting at 0.001 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 54.82E drifting at 0.001E degrees per day.

• STRV-1B - . Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: UK. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: STRV. USAF Sat Cat: 23125 . COSPAR: 1994-034B. Apogee: 31,817 km (19,770 mi). Perigee: 278 km (172 mi). Inclination: 7.50 deg. Period: 557.00 min. 50 cm cube; Space Technology and Research Vehicle; included solar cell tests..

• STRV-1A - . Mass: 53 kg (116 lb). Nation: UK. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: STRV. USAF Sat Cat: 23126 . COSPAR: 1994-034C. Apogee: 31,321 km (19,461 mi). Perigee: 273 km (169 mi). Inclination: 7.40 deg. Period: 547.70 min. 50 cm cube; Space Technology and Research Vehicle; included solar cell tests..

• Panamsat 2 - . Payload: PAS K1. Mass: 2,290 kg (5,040 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Panamsat. Program: Panamsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 23175 . COSPAR: 1994-040A. Apogee: 35,799 km (22,244 mi). Perigee: 35,772 km (22,227 mi). Inclination: 0.0400 deg. Period: 1,436.07 min. Stationed at 168.97 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 169 deg E in 1994-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 169.03 deg E drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 168.96E drifting at 0.005W degrees per day..

• Yuri 3N - . Payload: BS-3N. Mass: 1,210 kg (2,660 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: NHK. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: BS. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 3000. USAF Sat Cat: 23176 . COSPAR: 1994-040B. Apogee: 35,797 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.0500 deg. Period: 1,436.15 min. Stationed at 109.67 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 109 deg E in 1994-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 109.71 deg E drifting at 0.013 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 109.92E drifting at 0.008W degrees per day..

• Brasilsat B1 - . Payload: HS 376W. Mass: 1,765 kg (3,891 lb). Nation: Brazil. Agency: Tele Mex. Program: Brasilsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 23199 . COSPAR: 1994-049A. Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 0.0300 deg. Period: 1,436.12 min.

  28 C-band transponders, 1 X-band transponder (military). Stationed at 70.05 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 70 deg W in 1994-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 70.00 deg W drifting at 0.003 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 71.44W drifting at 0.304W degrees per day.

• Turksat 1B - . Mass: 1,779 kg (3,922 lb). Nation: Turkey. Agency: Turk Tel. Manufacturer: Cannes. Program: Turksat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 23200 . COSPAR: 1994-049B. Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  16 Ku-band transponders. Stationed at 41.92 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 42 deg E in 1994-1996; 31 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 31.29 deg E drifting at 0.000 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 6 located at 144.60E drifting at 4.406W degrees per day.

• Telstar 402 - . Mass: 3,415 kg (7,528 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Arianespace. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Telstar series. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 7000. Decay Date: 2004-11-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 23249 . COSPAR: 1994-058A. Apogee: 19,340 km (12,010 mi). Perigee: 292 km (181 mi). Inclination: 7.10 deg. Period: 341.80 min.

• Solidaridad 2 - . Mass: 2,776 kg (6,120 lb). Nation: Mexico. Agency: Tele Mex. Program: Morelos. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 23313 . COSPAR: 1994-065A. Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  18 C-Band transponders. Stationed at 113.06 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 113 deg W in 1994-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 112.96 deg W drifting at 0.003 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 114.89W drifting at 0.001W degrees per day.

• Thaicom 2 - . Mass: 1,080 kg (2,380 lb). Nation: Thailand. Agency: Shinawat. Program: Thaicom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 23314 . COSPAR: 1994-065B. Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  10 C-band, 2 Ku-band transponders. Stationed at 78.42 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 78 deg E in 1994-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 78.46 deg E drifting at 0.008 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 78.52E drifting at 0.005W degrees per day.

• Astra 1D - . Mass: 2,924 kg (6,446 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: SES. Program: Astra. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 23331 . COSPAR: 1994-070A. Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.0200 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min.

  European DBS and radio. Stationed at 19.29 deg E. TV distribution services to Western Europe and the Canary Islands under franchise from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Contracted and controlled by the private company formed in 1985 called Société Europíenne des Satellites (SES). This is the last in a series of 4 medium power satellites, and will act primarily as Astra 1B and 1C's backup. It will also carry four 12.5 Ghz BSS transponders that can be combined for HDTV. Spacecraft: HS-601 platform.3-axis unified ARC 22 N and one Marquardt 490 N bipropellant thrusters, Sun and Barnes Earth sensors and two 61 Nms 2-axis gimballed momentum bias wheels.1658 kg nitrogen tetroxide & MMH in four spheres. Spin-stabilised in transfer orbit. Twin solar wings of three 2.16 x 2.54 m panels carrying large area silicon cells on Kevlar substrate to satisfy 3.3 kW requirement. Eclipse protection provided by Nickel hydrogen batteries. Payload: 18 eclipse protected transponders, plus six spares with 63W TWTA 10.75-10.95 Ghz FSS (&12.5 Ghz BSS) down Ku-band European beams in 250 Mhz band adjacent (below) to Astra 1C, 26 Mhz bandwidth, eirp 50 dBW min, orthogonal polarisation, operating in the FSS range Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg E in 1995-1998; 28 deg E in 1998; 19 deg E in 1998-1999; 28 deg E in 2000.- As of 3 September 2001 located at 24.18 deg E drifting at 0.006 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 23.50E drifting at 0.008W degrees per day.

• Panamsat 3 - . Payload: PAS K2. Mass: 2,920 kg (6,430 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Panamsat. Program: Panamsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601.

• Brasilsat B2 - . Payload: HS 376W. Mass: 1,780 kg (3,920 lb). Nation: Brazil. Agency: Telebras. Program: Brasilsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 23536 . COSPAR: 1995-016A. Apogee: 35,793 km (22,240 mi). Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 65.1 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 65 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 65.06 deg W drifting at 0.022 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 65.05W drifting at 0.012W degrees per day..

• Hot Bird 1 - . Payload: Eutelsat HB1. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Manufacturer: Cannes. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 23537 . COSPAR: 1995-016B. Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 13.0 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 13 deg E in 1995-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 12.93 deg E drifting at 0.014 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 160.81W drifting at 3.441W degrees per day..

• ERS 2 - . Mass: 2,516 kg (5,546 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Earth. Type: Civilian Radarsat. Spacecraft: ERS 1-2. USAF Sat Cat: 23560 . COSPAR: 1995-021A. Apogee: 785 km (487 mi). Perigee: 784 km (487 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.50 min. European Remote Sensing; carried SAR; ocean, land, ice, and atmospheric observations..

• Intelsat 706 - . Mass: 4,180 kg (9,210 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 23571 . COSPAR: 1995-023A. Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 53.1 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 53 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 52.93 deg W drifting at 0.005 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 4 located at 50.24E drifting at 0.003E degrees per day..

• DBS 3 - . Mass: 2,934 kg (6,468 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: DirecTV. Program: DirecTV. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 23598 . COSPAR: 1995-029A. Apogee: 35,789 km (22,238 mi). Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Commercial TV. Stationed at 101.0 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 101 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 100.90 deg W drifting at 0.012 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 82.00W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day..

• Helios 1A - . Mass: 2,537 kg (5,593 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES, DGA. Program: Helios. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: SPOT-4. Spacecraft: Helios 1A-1B. USAF Sat Cat: 23605 . COSPAR: 1995-033A. Apogee: 682 km (423 mi). Perigee: 680 km (420 mi). Inclination: 98.10 deg. Period: 98.40 min.

• CERISE - . Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES, DGA. Manufacturer: Surrey. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-70. USAF Sat Cat: 23606 . COSPAR: 1995-033B. Apogee: 675 km (419 mi). Perigee: 666 km (413 mi). Inclination: 98.10 deg. Period: 98.10 min.

  Caracterisation de l'Environnement Radioelectrique par un Instrument Spatiale Embarque; examined Earth RF environment. Customer: Alcatel Espace/DME. French government research payload incorporated into an advance microsatellite platform. Still operational as of 2000.

• UPM/LBSAT 1 - . Mass: 47 kg (103 lb). Nation: Spain. Agency: UPM. Class: Technology. Type: Communications technology satellite. Spacecraft: LBSAT. USAF Sat Cat: 23607 . COSPAR: 1995-033C. Apogee: 676 km (420 mi). Perigee: 663 km (411 mi). Inclination: 98.10 deg. Period: 98.10 min. Universidad Politecnia de Madrid Satellite; experimental communications, microgravity experiments..

• Panamsat 4 - . Payload: PAS K3. Mass: 3,043 kg (6,708 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Panamsat. Program: Panamsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 23636 . COSPAR: 1995-040A. Apogee: 35,797 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  16 C-Band, 24 Ku-Band transponders; 320 radio + 120 DirecTV channels. Stationed at 68.5 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 68 deg E in 1995-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 72.03 deg E drifting at 0.003 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 72.00E drifting at 0.003W degrees per day.

• N-Star a - . Mass: 3,100 kg (6,800 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: NTT. Program: N-STAR. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 23651 . COSPAR: 1995-044A. Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 131.9 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 132 deg E in 1995-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 131.99 deg E drifting at 0.017 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 25.96E drifting at 4.123W degrees per day..

• Telstar 402R - . Mass: 3,410 kg (7,510 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: ATT. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Telstar series. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 7000. USAF Sat Cat: 23670 . COSPAR: 1995-049A. Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Direct TV for continental US. Stationed at 89.0 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 89 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 88.96 deg W drifting at 0.003 deg W per day. The Telstar 4 (former Telstar 402R) satellite suffered a power failure on September 19 2003 and was a total loss. It was part of AT&T's satellite fleet, later sold to Loral Skynet by 2003 in the process of being sold to Intelsat. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 116.15W drifting at 0.086W degrees per day.

• Astra 1E - . Mass: 2,700 kg (5,900 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: SES. Program: Astra. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 23686 . COSPAR: 1995-055A. Apogee: 35,799 km (22,244 mi). Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Western Europe digital TV; 18 Ku-band transponders. Stationed at 19.2 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg E in 1995-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 19.16 deg E drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 19.18E drifting at 0.019W degrees per day.

• ISO - . Mass: 2,500 kg (5,500 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESA. Class: Astronomy. Type: X-ray astronomy satellite. Spacecraft: ISO. Completed Operations Date: 1998-05-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 23715 . COSPAR: 1995-062A. Apogee: 70,504 km (43,809 mi). Perigee: 1,110 km (680 mi). Inclination: 5.10 deg. Period: 1,417.80 min. Infrared Space Observatory; IR astrophysics. As of 6 September 2001 located at 168.62 deg E drifting at 5.004 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 6 located at 167.18W drifting at 5.668E degrees per day..

• Telecom 2C - . Mass: 2,283 kg (5,033 lb). Nation: France. Agency: France Telecom. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Telecom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 23730 . COSPAR: 1995-067A. Apogee: 35,793 km (22,240 mi). Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 1.1 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 3 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 5.05 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 3.02E drifting at 0.001E degrees per day..

• Insat 2C - . Mass: 2,050 kg (4,510 lb). Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Program: Insat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Insat 2. USAF Sat Cat: 23731 . COSPAR: 1995-067B. Apogee: 35,817 km (22,255 mi). Perigee: 35,755 km (22,217 mi). Inclination: 0.20 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. 24 transponders. Stationed at 92.5 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 93 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 93.60 deg E drifting at 0.019 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 165.25W drifting at 1.757W degrees per day..

• Panamsat 3R - . Payload: PAS K4. Mass: 2,900 kg (6,300 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Panamsat. Program: Panamsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 23764 . COSPAR: 1996-002A. Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Perigee: 35,779 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. Geostationary at 43.0W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 43 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 42.97 deg W drifting at 0.008 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 42.99W drifting at 0.012W degrees per day..

• Measat 1 - . Mass: 1,450 kg (3,190 lb). Nation: Malaysia. Agency: Binarian. Program: Measat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 23765 . COSPAR: 1996-002B. Apogee: 35,792 km (22,240 mi). Perigee: 35,783 km (22,234 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geostationary at 91.4E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 91 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 91.49 deg E drifting at 0.012 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 91.50E drifting at 0.009W degrees per day..

• N-STAR b - . Mass: 3,400 kg (7,400 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: NTT. Program: N-STAR. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 23781 . COSPAR: 1996-007A. Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Perigee: 35,775 km (22,229 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. Geostationary at 128.9E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 136 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 136.01 deg E drifting at 0.012 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 136.04E drifting at 0.012W degrees per day..

• Intelsat 707 - . Mass: 4,175 kg (9,204 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 23816 . COSPAR: 1996-015A. Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,775 km (22,229 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  GEO. 26 C-band, 14 K-band transponders. Geostationary at 0.9W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 1 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 0.97 deg W drifting at 0.001 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 53.03W drifting at 0.007W degrees per day.

• M-SAT 1 - . Mass: 2,830 kg (6,230 lb). Nation: Canada. Agency: TMI. Program: M-SAT. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 23846 . COSPAR: 1996-022A. Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geostationary at 106.5W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 106 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 106.55 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 106.48W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day..

• Palapa C2 - . Mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Nation: Indonesia. Agency: PSN. Program: Palapa. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 23864 . COSPAR: 1996-030A. Apogee: 35,790 km (22,230 mi). Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. 34 transponders; Geostationary at 113.0E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 113 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 112.95 deg E drifting at 0.018 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 112.97E drifting at 0.011W degrees per day..

• Amos 1 - . Mass: 996 kg (2,195 lb). Nation: Israel. Agency: IAI. Program: Amos. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft: Amos. USAF Sat Cat: 23865 . COSPAR: 1996-030B. Apogee: 35,800 km (22,200 mi). Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. 7 Ku-band transponders Geostationary at 4.1W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 4 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 4.04 deg W drifting at 0.001 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 4.01W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day..

• Intelsat 709 - . Mass: 3,694 kg (8,143 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 23915 . COSPAR: 1996-035A. Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,779 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. 36 transponders Geostationary at 50.0W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 50 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 49.96 deg W drifting at 0.015 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 85.17E drifting at 0.004W degrees per day..

• Arabsat 2A - . Payload: Spacebus 3000A. Mass: 2,100 kg (4,600 lb). Nation: Arab States. Agency: Arabsat. Manufacturer: Cannes. Program: Arabsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 3000. USAF Sat Cat: 23948 . COSPAR: 1996-040A. Apogee: 35,792 km (22,240 mi). Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. Geostationary at 26.0E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 26 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 29 August 2001 located at 25.92 deg E drifting at 0.000 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 166.53W drifting at 3.749W degrees per day..

• Turksat 1C - . Mass: 1,890 kg (4,160 lb). Nation: Turkey. Agency: Turk Tel. Manufacturer: Cannes. Program: Turksat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 23949 . COSPAR: 1996-040B. Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,779 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  22 Ku band and 12 C band transponders. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 31 deg E in 1996; 42 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 42.02 deg E drifting at 0.003 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 42.00E drifting at 0.002E degrees per day.

• Italsat F2 - . Mass: 1,865 kg (4,111 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: ASI. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Italsat. USAF Sat Cat: 24208 . COSPAR: 1996-044A. Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Perigee: 35,771 km (22,227 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 13 deg E in 1996-1998; 16 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 16.38 deg E drifting at 0.010 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 94.10W drifting at 1.863E degrees per day..

• Telecom 2D - . Mass: 2,150 kg (4,730 lb). Nation: France. Agency: France Telecom. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Telecom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 24209 . COSPAR: 1996-044B. Apogee: 35,803 km (22,246 mi). Perigee: 35,771 km (22,227 mi). Inclination: 0.20 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 3 deg E in 1996; 5 deg W in 1996-2000; 8 deg W in 2000.- As of 5 September 2001 located at 7.90 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 7.85W drifting at 0.005W degrees per day..

• Echostar 2 - . Mass: 3,415 kg (7,528 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: PanAmSat. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Echostar. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 7000. USAF Sat Cat: 24313 . COSPAR: 1996-055A. Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geostationary at 119.0W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 119 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 119.39 deg W drifting at 0.009 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 147.94W drifting at 0.004E degrees per day..

• Arabsat 2B - . Payload: Spacebus 3000A. Mass: 2,500 kg (5,500 lb). Nation: Arab States. Agency: Arabsat. Manufacturer: Cannes. Program: Arabsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 3000. USAF Sat Cat: 24652 . COSPAR: 1996-063A. Apogee: 35,788 km (22,237 mi). Perigee: 35,785 km (22,235 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geostationary at 21.9E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 30 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 30.46 deg E drifting at 0.009 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 30.52E drifting at 0.005E degrees per day..

• Measat 2 - . Mass: 2,800 kg (6,100 lb). Nation: Malaysia. Agency: Binarian. Program: Measat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 24653 . COSPAR: 1996-063B. Apogee: 35,792 km (22,240 mi). Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geostationary at 148.0E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 148 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 148.00 deg E drifting at 0.011 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 147.98E drifting at 0.007W degrees per day..

• GE 2 - . Payload: A2100A. Mass: 2,648 kg (5,837 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GE Americom. Manufacturer: RCA. Program: Americom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 2100. USAF Sat Cat: 24713 . COSPAR: 1997-002A. Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Perigee: 35,772 km (22,227 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 84.9W Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 85 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 84.89 deg W drifting at 0.007 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 85.05W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day..

• Nahuel 1A - . Mass: 1,890 kg (4,160 lb). Nation: Argentina. Agency: ArSat. Manufacturer: Cannes. Program: Nahuel. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 24714 . COSPAR: 1997-002B. Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 71.8W Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 72 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 71.82 deg W drifting at 0.007 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 71.83W drifting at 0.002W degrees per day..

• Intelsat 801 - . Mass: 3,415 kg (7,528 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 7000. USAF Sat Cat: 24742 . COSPAR: 1997-009A. Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,772 km (22,227 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Geosynchronous. Stationed over 64.2E. The Intelsat 8 and 8A vehicles are the latest in the Intelsat satellite series. Spacecraft: 3-axis stabilised. Two large solar panels with 1-axis articulation. Payload: 38 C-Band and 6 Ku-Band transponders.22,000 telephone calls and 3 colour TV broadcasts simultaneously. Or up to 112,500 telephone circuits using digital circuit multiplication equipment (DCME). Two independently steerable Ku-band spot beams. Interconnected operation between C- and Ku-bands.
  Financial/Operational:
  Lockheed/General Electric contract October 16 1992 $ 165 million for 2 units- potential 5 units. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 47 deg E in 1997; 62 deg E in 1997; 64 deg E in 1997-1998; 31 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 31.47 deg W drifting at 0.013 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 5 located at 31.46W drifting at 0.006W degrees per day.

• Thaicom 3 - . Payload: Spacebus 3000A. Mass: 2,650 kg (5,840 lb). Nation: Thailand. Agency: Shinawat. Manufacturer: Cannes. Program: Thaicom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 3000. USAF Sat Cat: 24768 . COSPAR: 1997-016A. Apogee: 35,803 km (22,246 mi). Perigee: 35,770 km (22,220 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 78.5E Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 78 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 78.53 deg E drifting at 0.008 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 111.51W drifting at 5.525W degrees per day..

• BSAT 1a - . Mass: 2,800 kg (6,100 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: BSAT. Manufacturer: El Segundo. Program: BSAT. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 24769 . COSPAR: 1997-016B. Apogee: 35,787 km (22,236 mi). Perigee: 35,786 km (22,236 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 110.0E Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 110 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 109.56 deg E drifting at 0.018 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 109.63E drifting at 0.008W degrees per day..

• Inmarsat 3 F4 - . Mass: 1,021 kg (2,250 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Inmarsat. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Inmarsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 4000. USAF Sat Cat: 24819 . COSPAR: 1997-027A. Apogee: 35,805 km (22,248 mi). Perigee: 35,770 km (22,220 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 54.0W Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 54 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 53.97 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 142.07W drifting at 0.000E degrees per day..

• Insat 2D - . Mass: 2,079 kg (4,583 lb). Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Program: Insat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Insat 2. Completed Operations Date: 1997-10-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 24820 . COSPAR: 1997-027B. Apogee: 35,859 km (22,281 mi). Perigee: 35,713 km (22,190 mi). Inclination: 0.40 deg. Period: 1,374.20 min. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 74.1E Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 72 deg E in 1997 As of 2 September 2001 located at 85.52 deg W drifting at 16.266 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 49.88W drifting at 16.261E degrees per day..

• Intelsat 802 - . Mass: 3,415 kg (7,528 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 7000. USAF Sat Cat: 24846 . COSPAR: 1997-031A. Apogee: 35,792 km (22,240 mi). Perigee: 35,779 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Geosynchronous. Stationed over 174.1E Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 174 deg E in 1997-2000; 177 deg E in 2000. As of 1 September 2001 located at 174.00 deg E drifting at 0.001 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 32.91E drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.

• Panamsat 6 - . Payload: PAS 6. Mass: 3,420 kg (7,530 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Panamsat. Manufacturer: Palo Alto. Program: Panamsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 24891 . COSPAR: 1997-040A. Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 43 deg W in 1997-2002. As of 2004 Oct 17 located at 96.68W drifting at 1.977W degrees per day..

• Hot Bird 3 - . Payload: Eurostar 2000+. Mass: 2,900 kg (6,300 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 24931 . COSPAR: 1997-049A. Apogee: 35,806 km (22,248 mi). Perigee: 35,762 km (22,221 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 13.3E Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 13 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 12.96 deg E drifting at 0.012 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 3.94E drifting at 0.003W degrees per day..

• Meteosat 7 - . Payload: MTP 1. Mass: 692 kg (1,525 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eumetsat. Manufacturer: Cannes. Class: Earth. Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft: Meteosat. USAF Sat Cat: 24932 . COSPAR: 1997-049B. Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Perigee: 35,779 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 0.40 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min.

  Geosynchronous. Stationed over 10.2W Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg W in 1997-1998; deg E in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 0.68 deg E drifting at 0.036 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 57.39E drifting at 0.007W degrees per day.

• Intelsat 803 - . Payload: NSS 5, NSS 803. Mass: 3,415 kg (7,528 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 7000. USAF Sat Cat: 24957 . COSPAR: 1997-053A. Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Geosynchronous, 52 C-band and 12 Ku-band transponders. Stationed over 21 deg W in 1997-2001. Later assigned to Intelsat subsidiary New Skies, redesignated NSS 5, and moved to 183 deg E to connect North America with all major destinations in the Pacific Rim. As of 2007 Mar 7 located at 177.05W drifting at 0.001E degrees per day.

• Sirius 2 - . Payload: Spacebus 3000B2. Mass: 2,930 kg (6,450 lb). Nation: Sweden. Agency: NSAB. Manufacturer: Cannes. Program: Sirius. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 3000. USAF Sat Cat: 25049 . COSPAR: 1997-071A. Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 4.8E Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 4.81 deg E drifting at 0.001 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 4.77E drifting at 0.004W degrees per day..

• Cakrawarta 1 - . Payload: Indostar 1. Nation: Indonesia. Agency: Indostar. Manufacturer: McLean. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Star bus. USAF Sat Cat: 25050 . COSPAR: 1997-071B. Apogee: 35,812 km (22,252 mi). Perigee: 35,761 km (22,220 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 100.6E Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 107 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 107.71 deg E drifting at 0.006 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 107.62E drifting at 0.005W degrees per day..

• JCSAT 5 - . Mass: 2,982 kg (6,574 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: JSAT. Manufacturer: El Segundo. Program: JCSAT. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 25067 . COSPAR: 1997-075A. Apogee: 35,790 km (22,230 mi). Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 139.4E Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 150 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 150.00 deg E drifting at 0.012 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 127.98E drifting at 0.014W degrees per day..

• Equator-S - . Nation: Germany. Agency: Arianespace. Manufacturer: Max-Planck-Institut. Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft: Equator-S. USAF Sat Cat: 25068 . COSPAR: 1997-075B. Apogee: 67,065 km (41,672 mi). Perigee: 591 km (367 mi). Inclination: 6.20 deg. Period: 1,337.20 min.

• Intelsat 804 - . Mass: 3,415 kg (7,528 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 7000. USAF Sat Cat: 25110 . COSPAR: 1997-083A. Apogee: 35,802 km (22,246 mi). Perigee: 35,771 km (22,227 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 47.0E Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 64 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 64.18 deg E drifting at 0.001 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 9.51W drifting at 0.107E degrees per day..

• Brasilsat B3 - . Payload: HS 376W. Mass: 1,770 kg (3,900 lb). Nation: Brazil. Agency: Embratel. Manufacturer: El Segundo. Program: Brasilsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 25152 . COSPAR: 1998-006A. Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geostationary at 84.0 degrees W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 84 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 84.03 deg W drifting at 0.009 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 84.07W drifting at 0.013W degrees per day..

• Inmarsat 3 F5 - . Mass: 1,021 kg (2,250 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Inmarsat. Manufacturer: RCA. Program: Inmarsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 4000. USAF Sat Cat: 25153 . COSPAR: 1998-006B. Apogee: 35,797 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,775 km (22,229 mi). Inclination: 0.50 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geostationary at 25.0 degrees E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 25 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 24 July 2001 located at 25.09 deg E drifting at 0.020 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 25.07E drifting at 0.017W degrees per day..

• Hot Bird 4 - . Payload: Eurostar 2000+. Mass: 2,900 kg (6,300 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 25237 . COSPAR: 1998-013A. Apogee: 35,797 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. Geostationary at 13.0 degrees E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 13 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 2 June 2001 located at 14.35 deg E drifting at 0.065 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 7.18W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day..

• SPOT 4 - . Mass: 2,755 kg (6,073 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: SPOT. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft: SPOT-4. USAF Sat Cat: 25260 . COSPAR: 1998-017A. Apogee: 826 km (513 mi). Perigee: 824 km (512 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 101.40 min.

  Developed by Matra Marconi Space/Toulouse for CNES, the satellite provided 10-m resolution images with a wide field of view. SPOT 4 also carried a wide field 'vegetation' imager and a laser communications experiment. Launch was by an Arianespace Ariane 40 rocket, the base Ariane 4 model with no strap-on boosters. The liquid hydrogen fuelled third stage of the Ariane 40 entered an 800 km sun-synchronous orbit together with SPOT 4.

• Nilesat 1 - . Payload: Nilesat 101. Mass: 1,827 kg (4,027 lb). Nation: Egypt. Agency: Nilesat. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Nilesat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 25311 . COSPAR: 1998-024A. Apogee: 35,800 km (22,200 mi). Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Egypt's first satellite. Geostationary at 7.0 degrees W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 7 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 6.95 deg W drifting at 0.003 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 7.00W drifting at 0.007W degrees per day.

• BSAT 1B - . Mass: 2,800 kg (6,100 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: BSAT. Manufacturer: El Segundo. Program: BSAT. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 25312 . COSPAR: 1998-024B. Apogee: 35,788 km (22,237 mi). Perigee: 35,787 km (22,236 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. Geostationary at 109.9 degrees E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 110 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 109.63 deg E drifting at 0.019 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 109.75E drifting at 0.009W degrees per day..

• ST-1 - . Payload: Eurostar 2000+. Mass: 3,200 kg (7,000 lb). Nation: Singapore. Agency: Arianespace. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Singapore, Taiwan. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000 . USAF Sat Cat: 25460 . COSPAR: 1998-049A. Apogee: 35,804 km (22,247 mi). Perigee: 35,771 km (22,227 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Singapore-Taiwan-1 Matra Marconi Space Eurostar 2000 class satellite to provide communications for Singapore Telecom and Chunghwa Telecom of Taiwan. Geostationary at 88.0 degrees E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 88 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 88.04 deg E drifting at 0.009 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 88.05E drifting at 0.007W degrees per day.

• Panamsat 7 - . Payload: PAS 7. Mass: 3,838 kg (8,461 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Panamsat. Manufacturer: Palo Alto. Program: Panamsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 25473 . COSPAR: 1998-052A. Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,775 km (22,229 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geostationary at 68.7 degrees E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 68 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 6 September 2001 located at 68.68 deg E drifting at 0.012 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 68.67E drifting at 0.001W degrees per day..

• Eutelsat W2 - . Payload: Spacebus 3000B2. Mass: 2,950 kg (6,500 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Manufacturer: Cannes. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 3000. USAF Sat Cat: 25491 . COSPAR: 1998-056A. Apogee: 36,086 km (22,422 mi). Perigee: 36,056 km (22,404 mi). Inclination: 1.70 deg. Period: 1,450.70 min. Geostationary at 16.0 degrees E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 16 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 16.17 deg E drifting at 0.015 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 16.01E drifting at 0.008W degrees per day..

• Sirius 3 - . Payload: Sirius 3. Mass: 2,800 kg (6,100 lb). Nation: Sweden. Agency: NSAB. Manufacturer: El Segundo. Program: Sirius. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 25492 . COSPAR: 1998-056B. Apogee: 35,790 km (22,230 mi). Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Geostationary at 23.5 degrees E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 28 deg E in 1998-1999; 5 deg E in 2000.- As of 5 September 2001 located at 5.04 deg E drifting at 0.003 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 4.97E drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.

• Afristar - . Payload: Eurostar 2000+. Mass: 2,750 kg (6,060 lb). Nation: France. Agency: Worldspace. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: WorldSpace. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 25515 . COSPAR: 1998-063A. Apogee: 35,805 km (22,248 mi). Perigee: 35,769 km (22,225 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Afristar was the first WorldSpace satellite. Afristar was to broadcast digital radio over Africa and the Middle East. Small hand-held radios could pick up the 24 to 96 radio channels available on the three L-band beams. Dry mass of Afristar was 1205 kg; it carried 1534 kg of propellant at launch. Geostationary at 21.0 degrees E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 21 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 20.98 deg E drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 20.98E drifting at 0.010W degrees per day.

• GE 5 - . Mass: 1,720 kg (3,790 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GE Americom. Manufacturer: Cannes. Program: Americom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 25516 . COSPAR: 1998-063B. Apogee: 35,808 km (22,250 mi). Perigee: 35,765 km (22,223 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Satellite was originally built as a backup for Argentina's Nahuelsat. This allowed Dornier and Alcatel to deliver the satellite in a record twelve months. Dry mass of GE 5 was 769 kg - it carried 950 kg of propellant at launch. Geostationary at 36.4 degrees W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 79 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 79.00 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 78.99W drifting at 0.011W degrees per day.

• Satmex 5 - . Payload: HS 601HP. Mass: 4,135 kg (9,116 lb). Nation: Mexico. Agency: Satmex. Manufacturer: El Segundo. Program: Morelos. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 25558 . COSPAR: 1998-070A. Apogee: 35,799 km (22,244 mi). Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  The Ariane placed the Satmex 5 satellite into a 211km x 21516 km x 7.0 degree orbit from which the satellite was to use its on-board engine to reach geostationary orbit. Satmex 5 was operated by Satellites Mexicanos S.A. de C.V, which took over the Morelos constellation from Mexican Secretaria de Comunicaciones y Transportes. Satmex 5 replaced Morelos 2 and carried the XIPS ion engine station-keeping system. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 116 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 116.79 deg W drifting at 0.008 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 116.81W drifting at 0.002W degrees per day.

• PAS 6B - . Payload: HS 601HP. Mass: 3,475 kg (7,661 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Panamsat. Manufacturer: El Segundo. Program: Panamsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 25585 . COSPAR: 1998-075A. Apogee: 35,790 km (22,230 mi). Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  The Ariane third stage placed the PAS 6B into a 228 km x 35717 km x 7.0 degree orbit. The satellite's on board rocket system will move it into its final geostationary position over South America. PAS 6B will provide direct TV broadcasting service in replacement of PAS 6, a Loral satellite which had problems with its solar arrays. The new satellite had 32 Ku-band transponders. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 43 deg W in 1999. As of 3 September 2001 located at 43.17 deg W drifting at 0.020 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 43.11W drifting at 0.015W degrees per day.

• Arabsat 3A - . Payload: Spacebus 3000B2. Mass: 2,708 kg (5,970 lb). Nation: Arab States. Agency: Arabsat. Manufacturer: Cannes. Program: Arabsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 3000. USAF Sat Cat: 25638 . COSPAR: 1999-009A. Apogee: 35,792 km (22,240 mi). Perigee: 35,779 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  The Arab League satellite had 20 Ku-band transponders and was to be stationed at 26 degrees East. Dry mass was 1200 kg. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 26 deg E in 1999. As of 29 August 2001 located at 25.93 deg E drifting at 0.007 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 25.89E drifting at 0.003E degrees per day.

• Skynet 4E - . Mass: 1,490 kg (3,280 lb). Nation: UK. Agency: MoD. Manufacturer: Stevenage. Program: Skynet. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. USAF Sat Cat: 25639 . COSPAR: 1999-009B. Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 7.20 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Skynet 4E was a SHF/UHF military communications satellite for the UK Ministry of Defense. Dry mass was 759 kg; it used a Thiokol Star 30 solid apogee motor. Stationed at 53 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 53 deg E in 1999. As of 5 September 2001 located at 52.91 deg E drifting at 0.000 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 53.02E drifting at 0.005E degrees per day.

• Insat 2E - . Mass: 2,550 kg (5,620 lb). Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Program: Insat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Insat 2. USAF Sat Cat: 25666 . COSPAR: 1999-016A. Apogee: 35,803 km (22,246 mi). Perigee: 35,770 km (22,220 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  ISRO's Insat 2E was placed in geostationary transfer orbit. The Indian-built satellite carried a C and S band communications package. Stationed at 83 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 83 deg E in 1999. As of 3 September 2001 located at 82.90 deg E drifting at 0.015 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 82.93E drifting at 0.008W degrees per day.

• Telkom 1 - . Payload: A2100A. Mass: 2,763 kg (6,091 lb). Nation: Indonesia. Agency: PT Telkom. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Palapa. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 2100. USAF Sat Cat: 25880 . COSPAR: 1999-042A. Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Perigee: 35,779 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  The launch vehicle delivered its H-10-3 third stage and the Telkom 1 payload into a 221 km x 35687 km x 7.0 degree geosynchronous transfer orbit 21 minutes after launch. Telkom 1 was owned by PT Telkomunikasi of Indonesia and was a successor to the Palapa series of satellites. Mass of Telkom 1 was 1700 kg in geosynchronous orbit after its on-board engine made the apogee burn. Stationed at 108 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 108 deg E in 1999. As of 3 September 2001 located at 107.98 deg E drifting at 0.011 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 107.98E drifting at 0.014W degrees per day.

• Koreasat 3 / Mugunghwa 3 - . Payload: A2100A. Mass: 2,790 kg (6,150 lb). Nation: Korea South. Agency: KT. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Koreasat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 2100. USAF Sat Cat: 25894 . COSPAR: 1999-046A. Apogee: 35,792 km (22,240 mi). Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Geosynchronous communications satellite. Stationed at 112 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 112 deg E in 1999. As of 31 August 2001 located at 115.99 deg E drifting at 0.014 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 116.12E drifting at 0.008W degrees per day.

• Telstar 7 - . Mass: 3,790 kg (8,350 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Skynet Palo Alto. Manufacturer: Palo Alto. Program: Telstar series. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 25922 . COSPAR: 1999-052A. Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Telstar 7, owned by Loral Skynet, had 24 C-band and 24 Ku-band transponders. Dry mass was 1537 kg. After placement in final geosynchronous orbit it provided communications for North America from a position at 129 degrees East longitude. Sold to Intelsat in March 2004 and renamed IA-7. The satellite had a power failure on November 28, 2004 and was briefly declared lost. Intelsat recovered control of the satellite by December 4. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 129.01W drifting at 0.007W degrees per day.

• Orion 2 - . Mass: 3,814 kg (8,408 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: Arianespace. Manufacturer: Palo Alto. Program: Orion. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 25949 . COSPAR: 1999-059A. Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Satellite used for international communications; complement the Telstar satellites operated by Loral Skynet. Stationed at 15 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 15 deg W in 1999. As of 6 September 2001 located at 14.97 deg W drifting at 0.006 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 14.99W drifting at 0.006W degrees per day.

• GE 4 - . Payload: A2100AX. Mass: 3,895 kg (8,587 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: GE Americom. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Americom. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 2100. USAF Sat Cat: 25954 . COSPAR: 1999-060A. Apogee: 35,793 km (22,240 mi). Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Provided C and Ku-band communications services for GE Americom, replacing Spacenet 4. Stationed at 101 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 74 deg W in 1999. As of 5 September 2001 located at 101.12 deg W drifting at 0.008 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 101.02W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.

• Helios 1B - . Mass: 2,750 kg (6,060 lb). Nation: France. Agency: DGA. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Helios. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft Bus: SPOT-4. Spacecraft: Helios 1A-1B. USAF Sat Cat: 25977 . COSPAR: 1999-064A. Apogee: 682 km (423 mi). Perigee: 680 km (420 mi). Inclination: 98.20 deg. Period: 98.40 min.

  French optical military reconnaisance satellite based on Spot 4. Taken out of service in mid-October 2004, when the orbit of the satellite was lowered to 637 x 640 km, taking it out of the path of Helios 1A and the Helios 2A that would be launched in December 2004.

• Clementine - . Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES, DGA. Manufacturer: Surrey. Class: Surveillance. Type: Naval signals intelligence satellite. Spacecraft: SSTL-70. USAF Sat Cat: 25978 . COSPAR: 1999-064B. Apogee: 616 km (382 mi). Perigee: 602 km (374 mi). Inclination: 98.10 deg. Period: 96.90 min. Customer: Alcatel Espace(France). French government military electronic intelligence research payload incorporated into an advance microsatellite platform. Based on CERISE with enhanced EMC subsystem. Still operational as of 2000..

• Galaxy 11 - . Mass: 4,484 kg (9,885 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: PanAmSat. Manufacturer: El Segundo. Program: Galaxy. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 702 . USAF Sat Cat: 26038 . COSPAR: 1999-071A. Apogee: 35,787 km (22,236 mi). Perigee: 35,786 km (22,236 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Communications satellite. Third Ariane launch within three weeks. First Hughes HS 702 bus satellite, for PanAmSat Corporation to expand video and telecommunications services to North America and Brazil. The 20-watt C-band transponders will be used primarily for cable television customers. The Ku-band payload offers two power levels: 140 watts for video distribution, and 75 watts for data networks and other general communications services. This gives Galaxy 11 a total payload of 64 active transponders. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 99 deg W in 2000. As of 4 September 2001 located at 91.01 deg W drifting at 0.010 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 91.01W drifting at 0.008W degrees per day.

• Galaxy 10R - . Payload: HS 601HP. Mass: 1,987 kg (4,380 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: PanAmSat. Manufacturer: El Segundo. Program: Galaxy. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 26056 . COSPAR: 2000-002A. Apogee: 35,978 km (22,355 mi). Perigee: 35,950 km (22,330 mi). Inclination: 3.20 deg. Period: 1,445.20 min.

  Geosynchronous communications satellite launched to supplement Panamsat's Galaxy cable TV distribution constellation. It carried Ku and C band transponders and was to be stationed at 127 deg W. A replacement for Galaxy 10, lost on the first Delta 3 launch failure. Stationed at 123 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 123 deg W in 2000. As of 3 September 2001 located at 122.99 deg W drifting at 0.002 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 123.03W drifting at 0.000E degrees per day.

• Superbird 4 - . Payload: HS 601HP. Mass: 4,057 kg (8,944 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: SCC. Manufacturer: El Segundo. Program: Superbird. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 26095 . COSPAR: 2000-012A. Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Provided geosynchronous communications services for the Space Communications Corporation of Japan. Carried 23 Ku-band and 6 Ka-band transponders, and was equipped with a Marquardt R4D apogee engine and XIPS ion propulsion stationkeeping system. Stationed at 162 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 162 deg E in 2000. As of 4 September 2001 located at 162.01 deg E drifting at 0.003 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 161.98E drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.

• Galaxy 4R - . Payload: HS 601HP. Mass: 3,668 kg (8,086 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: PanAmSat. Manufacturer: El Segundo. Program: Galaxy. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 26298 . COSPAR: 2000-020A. Apogee: 35,921 km (22,320 mi). Perigee: 35,901 km (22,307 mi). Inclination: 4.80 deg. Period: 1,442.50 min.

  Galaxy 4R carried 28 Ku-band and 28 C-band transponders. After insertion in a standard 219 x 32007 km x 7.0 deg geostationary transfer orbit, Galaxy 4R's R-4D apogee engine raised orbit to 35765 x 35792 km x 0.1 deg by April 27 and was over 67 deg W by late April. Final destination was 99 deg W. The Galaxy satellites provide US domestic telecommunications services. 4R replaces the original Galaxy 4H which failed in May 1998, putting pagers out of action across the USA. Stationed at 99 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 73 deg W in 2000. As of 5 September 2001 located at 98.99 deg W drifting at 0.016 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 76.88W drifting at 0.001E degrees per day.

• Brasilsat B-4 - . Payload: HS 376W. Mass: 1,757 kg (3,873 lb). Nation: Brazil. Agency: Embratel. Manufacturer: El Segundo. Program: Brasilsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 26469 . COSPAR: 2000-046A. Apogee: 35,799 km (22,244 mi). Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Brasilsat B4 was a C-band geosynchronous communications satellite, replacing the 15-year-old Brasilsat A2 for the Brazilian communications company Embratel. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 75 deg W in 2000. As of 2 September 2001 located at 92.03 deg W drifting at 0.011 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 70.08W drifting at 0.020W degrees per day.

• Nilesat 102 - . Mass: 1,827 kg (4,027 lb). Nation: Egypt. Agency: Nilesat. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Nilesat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 26470 . COSPAR: 2000-046B. Apogee: 35,797 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,775 km (22,229 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Geosynchronous communications satellite of the Egyptian company Nilesat SA. The satellite joined Nilesat 101 in providing Ku-band broadcast services. Stationed at 7 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 7 deg W in 2000. As of 2 September 2001 located at 6.98 deg W drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 6.97W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.

• Eutelsat W1 - . Mass: 3,250 kg (7,160 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Manufacturer: Toulouse. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. USAF Sat Cat: 26487 . COSPAR: 2000-052A. Apogee: 35,812 km (22,252 mi). Perigee: 35,760 km (22,220 mi). Inclination: 0.20 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  European Telecommunications Satellite Organization's Eutelsat W1 was launched into a geostationary transfer orbit, targetted for a final 10 deg E orbital position. The box-shaped 2.5 x 5.0 m satellite has two rectangular solar panel arrays spanning 31.7m and two dishes, a European beam and a steerable beam. The payload includes 28 Ku-band transponders. Stationed at 10 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 1 deg E in 2000. As of 1 September 2001 located at 9.92 deg E drifting at 0.005 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 10.05E drifting at 0.006W degrees per day.

• Superbird 5 - . Payload: A2100AX / N-SAT-110. Mass: 3,531 kg (7,784 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: SCC. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 2100. USAF Sat Cat: 26559 . COSPAR: 2000-060A. Apogee: 35,792 km (22,240 mi). Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  N-SAT-110, also known as Superbird 5, was jointly owned by SCC (Space Communications Corporation of Tokyo) and JSat (Japan Satellite Systems). SCC controlled the vehicle on orbit. The satellite carried 24 Ku-band transponders. By October 15 N-SAT-110 was in a 35610 x 35752 km x 0.1 deg orbit drifting past 109 deg E. Stationed at 110 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 110 deg E in 2000. As of 4 September 2001 located at 110.06 deg E drifting at 0.012 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 110.07E drifting at 0.007W degrees per day.

• EuropeStar F1 - . Payload: Europe*Star FM1. Mass: 4,167 kg (9,186 lb). Nation: UK. Manufacturer: Palo Alto. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 26590 . COSPAR: 2000-068A. Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  100th Ariane 4 launch. Communications satellite, stationed at 45 deg E. Europeon.Star FM1 was a Loral FS-1300 model with a launch mass of 4167 kg and a dry mass of 1717 kg. The satellite had two cruciform solar arrays. The Ariane booster placed it into a geostationary transfer orbit. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 45 deg E in 2000. As of 4 September 2001 located at 44.95 deg E drifting at 0.011 deg E per day. As of 2007 Feb 23 located at 44.97E drifting at 0.001W degrees per day.

• Anik F1 - . Mass: 4,711 kg (10,385 lb). Nation: Canada. Agency: Telesat. Manufacturer: El Segundo. Program: Anik. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 702. USAF Sat Cat: 26624 . COSPAR: 2000-076A. Apogee: 35,787 km (22,236 mi). Perigee: 35,786 km (22,236 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Heaviest Ariane 4 payload ever. Anik F1 was a Telesat Canada communications satellite. The Boeing model 702 satellite had a launch mass of 4852 kg and a dry mass of 2950 kg. It carried 36 C-band and 48 Ku-band transponders. As of 3 September 2001 located at 107.30 deg W drifting at 0.006 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 107.29W drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.

• Turksat 2A / Eurasiasat 1 - . Payload: Spacebus 3000B3. Mass: 3,535 kg (7,793 lb). Nation: Turkey. Agency: Eurasisa. Manufacturer: Cannes. Program: Turksat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 3000. USAF Sat Cat: 26666 . COSPAR: 2001-002A. Apogee: 35,808 km (22,250 mi). Perigee: 35,764 km (22,222 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Communications satellite. Launch delayed from December 8, 2000 and January 8. The Turksat 2A (Eurasiasat 1) satellite was an Alcatel Spacebus 3000B3 with a dry mass of 1577 kg (launch mass 3535 kg) and a 37m solar panel span. The satellite was placed in a 162 x 36742 km x 2.9 deg orbit; by January 13 the perigee had been raised to 21185 km. The satellite had 36 Ku-band transponders and three antennae. The dual name was probably due to the dual ownership of the spacecraft: 75% by Turk Telecom and 25% by the manufacturer Alcatel Space Company. The 3.4 tonne, 9 kW spacecraft was to provide direct-to-home voice, video, and data transmissions to countries between central Europe and the Indian subcontinent, through its 32 "BSS- and FSS-bands" transponders, after parking over 42 deg-E longitude (replacing the aging Turksat 1C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 42 deg E in 2001 As of 4 September 2001 located at 41.96 deg E drifting at 0.016 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 42.03E drifting at 0.008E degrees per day.

• Sicral - . Payload: Sicral 1. Mass: 2,596 kg (5,723 lb). Nation: Italy. Agency: ADI. Manufacturer: Alenia. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Italsat. USAF Sat Cat: 26694 . COSPAR: 2001-005A. Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Sicral, (Sistema Italiana de Communicazione Riservente Allarmi) was a communications satellite for the Italian defense ministry's procurement division, the Segretariato Generale della Difesa's Direzione Nazionale degli Armamenti. Sicral was built by Alenia Aerospazio and derived from the Italsat series. Its mass was 2596 kg full, 1253 kg dry and it carried a liquid apogee engine. The 3.3 kW, 3.4 m x 4.9 m, triaxially-stabilized spacecraft carried a total of nine transponders in the SHF-, UHF-, and EHF-bands to enable secure communications after parking over 16.2 deg-E longitude. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 16 deg E in 2001 As of 26 August 2001 located at 16.27 deg E drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 16.34E drifting at 0.018E degrees per day.

• Skynet 4F - . Mass: 2,596 kg (5,723 lb). Nation: UK. Agency: MoD. Manufacturer: Alenia. Program: Skynet. Class: Communications. Type: Military communications satellite. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. USAF Sat Cat: 26695 . COSPAR: 2001-005B. Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Perigee: 35,772 km (22,227 mi). Inclination: 2.90 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Skynet 4F was a communications satellite for the UK Ministry of Defense, and the last of the venerable ECS (European Communications Satellite) class of satellites built by Astrium/Stevenage. It carried a Thiokol Star 30 apogee motor and its mass was 1489 kg full, 830 kg dry - a dry mass more than twice the first OTS. The spacecraft carried a total of eight transponders in the SHF-, UHF-, and S-bands to provide secure communications after parking over either 1 deg-E or 6 deg-W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 6 deg E in 2001 As of 5 September 2001 located at 8.77 deg E drifting at 0.284 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 6.01E drifting at 0.004E degrees per day.

• Intelsat 901 - . Mass: 4,725 kg (10,416 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Manufacturer: Palo Alto. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 26824 . COSPAR: 2001-024A. Apogee: 35,804 km (22,247 mi). Perigee: 35,770 km (22,220 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Launch delayed from June 8. The first of the Intelsat 9 series provided telecommunications (Internet, video and telephone) services from a geosynchronous position at 18 deg W over the Atlantic Ocean. Intelsat 901 was an FS-1300HL, an improved version of the long-standing Space Systems/Loral (originally Aeronutronic Ford) FS-1300 platform. The satellite was to provide voice and video services to Europe and the Americas through 44 C-band and 12 Ku-band transponders. The satellite had C-band beams for the Atlantic region and a Ku-band spot beam for Europe, and an R-4D liquid apogee engine. Dry mass was 1972 kg and launch mass of 4723 kg. The International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO), beginning with its first satellite, Early Bird (1965-028A), had as of this date successfully launched 54 satellites, 19 of which were operational. As of 27 August 2001 located at 54.26 deg W drifting at 1.105 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 18.01W drifting at 0.008W degrees per day.

• Intelsat 902 - . Mass: 4,725 kg (10,416 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Manufacturer: Palo Alto. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 26900 . COSPAR: 2001-039A. Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Perigee: 35,771 km (22,227 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Launch delayed from August 24. The Intelsat 902 geosynchronous communications satellite was stationed initially over the Indian Ocean, providing coverage to Europe, Africa, Asia and Australasia through its 44 C- and 12 Ku-band transponders. The Loral FS-1300 satellite had a dry mass of 1978 kg and carried a further 2745 kg of propellant at launch. As of 4 September 2001 located at 56.46 deg E drifting at 0.118 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 61.96E drifting at 0.002E degrees per day.

• Atlantic Bird 2 - . Payload: Spacebus 3000B2. Mass: 3,149 kg (6,942 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: Eutelsat. Manufacturer: Cannes. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: Spacebus 3000. USAF Sat Cat: 26927 . COSPAR: 2001-042A. Apogee: 35,804 km (22,247 mi). Perigee: 35,769 km (22,225 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Ariane V144 placed the Atlantic Bird 2 satellite in geostationary transfer orbit. Atlantic Bird 2 was an Alcatel/Cannes Spacebus 3000B2 Ku-band communications satellite owned by the European consortium Eutelsat. It replaced the Telecom 2A satellite at 8 deg W. AB-2 had a dry mass of 1368 kg and a launch mass of 3150 kg. Atlantic Bird 1, built by Alenia, was to be launched at a later date. The spacecraft was the twenty-second member of the fleet. and was to provide high-speed television, video streaming, radio and internet services between North and South America, and Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, through its 26 Ku-band transponders. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 8.04W drifting at 0.002W degrees per day.

• DirecTV 4S - . Payload: HS 601HP. Mass: 4,245 kg (9,358 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: DirecTV. Manufacturer: El Segundo. Program: DirecTV. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 26985 . COSPAR: 2001-052A. Apogee: 35,793 km (22,240 mi). Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  The DirecTV-4S television broadcasting satellite was placed by the Ariane 44LP booster into a geostationary transfer orbit. The satellite had a dry mass of 2100 kg and a launch mass of 4300 kg. The satellite was to provide more than 300 local TV channels to 41 metropolitan communities through its 11 C-band transponders after parking over 101-W longitude. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 101.14W drifting at 0.005W degrees per day.

• Insat 3C - . Mass: 2,750 kg (6,060 lb). Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Program: Insat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Insat 2. Spacecraft: Insat 3. USAF Sat Cat: 27298 . COSPAR: 2002-002A. Apogee: 35,805 km (22,248 mi). Perigee: 35,768 km (22,225 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Communications satellite. Launch delayed from January 16. The Ariane placed Insat 3C into a geosynchronous transfer orbit. The Indian communications satellite had a mass of 1050 kg empty, 2750 kg fuelled. It carried 30 C-band and two S-band transponders. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 73.96E drifting at 0.007W degrees per day.

• Intelsat 904 - . Mass: 4,680 kg (10,310 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Manufacturer: Palo Alto. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 27380 . COSPAR: 2002-007A. Apogee: 35,800 km (22,200 mi). Perigee: 35,772 km (22,227 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Communications satellite. Launch delayed from February 14 and 20. The Ariane 44L placed the Loral FS-1300HL-class Intelsat 904 satellite in a 176 x 35812 km x 7.0 deg geostationary transfer orbit. The spacecraft was to be used for Indian Ocean region communications. Intelsat 904 had a dry mass of 2350 kg and carried 2330 kg of fuel. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 59.96E drifting at 0.000E degrees per day.

• Astra 3A - . Mass: 1,495 kg (3,295 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: SES. Manufacturer: El Segundo. Program: Astra. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 376. USAF Sat Cat: 27399 . COSPAR: 2002-015A. Apogee: 35,797 km (22,243 mi). Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Communications satellite. Launch delayed from mid-March. After the Ariane third stage reached geostationary transfer orbit, JCSAT 8 separated, followed by the Mini-Spelda adapter, followed by Astra 3A. Astra 3A was a Boeing BSS-376HP, with a mass of 1495 kg full and about 750 kg empty. It joined Luxembourg-based SES Astra's fleet. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 153.96E drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.

• JCSAT 8 - . Payload: JC-Sat 2A. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: Japan. Agency: JSAT. Manufacturer: El Segundo. Program: JCSAT. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: HS 601. USAF Sat Cat: 27400 . COSPAR: 2002-015B. Apogee: 35,802 km (22,246 mi). Perigee: 35,770 km (22,220 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Communications satellite. Launch delayed from mid-March. JCSAT 8 was a Boeing BSS-601 with a launch mass of 2600 kg and a dry mass around 1200 kg. It was to be used by Japan Satellite to replace JCSAT 2. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 24.29E drifting at 0.020W degrees per day.

• NSS 7 - . Payload: A2100AXS. Mass: 4,692 kg (10,344 lb). Nation: Netherlands. Agency: New Skies. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 2100. USAF Sat Cat: 27414 . COSPAR: 2002-019A. Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Ariane mission V150 placed Lockheed Martin A2100-class satellite NSS 7 satellite into orbit. The satellite was owned by New Skies, an Intelsat spinoff, and carried a C/Ku band telecoms payload. The spacecraft was in a 24200 x 35706 km x 0.7 deg orbit by April 24, on its way to geosynchrnous orbit. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 22.01W drifting at 0.010W degrees per day.

• SPOT 5 - . Mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Manufacturer: Friedrichshafen. Program: SPOT. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft: SPOT-5A-5B. USAF Sat Cat: 27421 . COSPAR: 2002-021A. Apogee: 826 km (513 mi). Perigee: 825 km (512 mi). Inclination: 98.80 deg. Period: 101.40 min.

  Remote Sensing satellite. Last launch of Ariane 42P version. Launch delayed from April 10. The Ariane 42P, with two PAP solid boosters, flew north from Kourou. The third stage burn occurred off the east coast of North America, with engine cutoff at 0150 UTC and stage separation at 0151 UTC. Venting of the remaining third stage propellant was seen by observers in the US. SPOT Image's SPOT 5 was built by Astrium/Toulouse. The main instrument was the HRVIR imaging camera payload including a 2.5-meter resolution imager. A secondary experiment was the 5-band VEGETATION-2 instrument with 1-km resolution.

• Idefix - . Mass: 12 kg (26 lb). Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Manufacturer: Friedrichshafen. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: Oscar. USAF Sat Cat: 27422 . COSPAR: 2002-021B. Apogee: 809 km (502 mi). Perigee: 789 km (490 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 100.90 min.

  The Idefix amateur radio payload consisted of two small 6 kg boxes attached to the Ariane third stage. The payload was operated by AMSAT-F, the French branch of the amateur radio organization. (The first French satellite was nicknamed Asterix after the famous comic book character; Idefix was Asterix and Obelix's pet dog.)

• Intelsat 905 - . Mass: 4,723 kg (10,412 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Manufacturer: Palo Alto. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 27438 . COSPAR: 2002-027A. Apogee: 35,799 km (22,244 mi). Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Intelsat 905 was launched into a geostationary transfer orbit. The satellite had a mass of 1984 kg with 2739 kg of propellant and was built by Loral for the privatized Intelsat company. It was to be stationed over the Atlantic. The Intelsat 905 satellite used a new version of the venerable General Dynamics R-4D bipropellant engine, the R-4D-15 HiPAT (High Performance Apogee Thruster) with a thrust of 445N. The first two HiPATs were built by Marquardt/Van Nuys, but new ones were built at GD's Redmond site. By June 15, I-905 was in a 35642 x 35793 km x 0.1 deg geostationary drift orbit at 26 deg W. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 24.48W drifting at 0.007W degrees per day.

• Intelsat 906 - . Mass: 4,723 kg (10,412 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 27513 . COSPAR: 2002-041A. Apogee: 35,808 km (22,250 mi). Perigee: 35,765 km (22,223 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Intelsat 906 was a geostationary communications spacecraft of the international Intelsat consortium (privatised as Intelsat Ltd.). It was to provide Internet, telephony, and television broadcasts to Europe, Asia, and Australia through its 72 C- and 22 Ku-band transponders after being parked over 64° E longitude. It replaced Intelsat 804 which was to then be moved to 176° E to handle the increased cross-Atlantic demand. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 64.19E drifting at 0.001W degrees per day.

• NSS 6 - . Payload: A2100AXS. Mass: 4,575 kg (10,086 lb). Nation: Netherlands. Agency: New Skies. Manufacturer: Lockheed. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: AS 2100. USAF Sat Cat: 27603 . COSPAR: 2002-057A. Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Perigee: 35,779 km (22,231 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Launch delayed from late November, then December 12. The Dutch New Skies Satellites' NSS-6 telecommunications spacecraft was developed by Lockheed Martin Commercial Space Systems. It was to be positioned at 95 deg E to provide broadcasting and business services coverage of the Pacific Rim, Australia, India, the Middle East and southern Africa. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 95.01E drifting at 0.008W degrees per day.

• Intelsat 907 - . Payload: LS-1300HL. Mass: 4,685 kg (10,328 lb). Nation: International. Agency: Intelsat. Manufacturer: Palo Alto. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: FS-1300. USAF Sat Cat: 27683 . COSPAR: 2003-007A. Apogee: 35,789 km (22,238 mi). Perigee: 35,785 km (22,235 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Final Ariane 4 launch. Intelsat 907 was scheduled to be in service March 2003 and provide enhanced C-band coverage for the Americas, Africa and Europe and high-power Ku-band spot beam coverage for Europe and Africa. The satellite replaced Intelsat 605 at 332.5 deg E. With more than twice the Ku-band power, Intelsat 907 would support corporate broadcast distribution and broadband applications including high speed Internet access, multicasting and streaming. Users of the new satellite would require 1.0 m Ku-band antennae to access the satellite. Flexible transponder activation allowed use of Ku-Band for 14 out of 16 channels. With a total of up to 76 C-Band 36 MHz equivalent unit transponders, Intelsat 907 provided 19% more capacity than the satellite it replaced. C-band footprints included full coverage of South and Central America, broad coverage over Europe, Africa and the Middle East, and connectivity to North America. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 27.53W drifting at 0.006W degrees per day.