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Korea South

S Korean LVs

S Korean LVs
South Korean indigneous rockets.
Credit: © Mark Wade

South Korea became familiar with large-scale rocketry through maintenance and modification activities on American-supplied Honest John and Nike Hercules tactical missiles. By the 1990's Korea had developed an independent capability to manufacture solid propellant rocket motors of up to one metric ton mass. In 1990 KARI was funded to build the first indigenous sounding rockets, flown as the KSR-I and KSR-II. In December 1997 KARI was allowed to proceed with development of liquid oxygen/kerosene rocket motor for an orbital launcher, but this was abandoned when the South Korean government decided it wanted to be among the top ten spacefaring nations by 2015. The existing program was too limited in growth potential to allow that. Therefore it was decided to leapfrog the technology by contracting with Russian companies. First launch of the KSLV-I launch vehicle from the new space center took place in 2010.

South Korean soldiers became familiar with large-scale rocketry through maintenance and modification activities on American-supplied Honest John and Nike Hercules tactical missiles. By the 1990's Korea had developed an independent capability to manufacture solid propellant rocket motors of up to one metric ton mass. The first military application was a Korean modification of the Nike Hercules surface-to-air missile. A new Korean-made monolithic booster stage was introduced, which, together with a modified guidance system, produced a surface-to-surface missile of around 400 km range.

In 1990 KARI was funded to build the first indigenous sounding rocket, using a solid motor of roughly the same weight but a more slender aspect ration and longer burn time. One and two-stage versions of the rocket were flown in the 1990's as the KSR-I and KSR-II. In December 1997 KARI was allowed to proceed with development of liquid oxygen/kerosene rocket motor of 12.5 metric tons thrust. This was the same size as that built for the American Vanguard, and the intent was to build a minim satellite launch vehicle. A single test launch of the planned modular booster stage took place as the KSR-III in 2002. It was then planned to launch a satellite booster by 2005, but the South Korean government decided it wanted to be among the top ten spacefaring nations by 2015, and the existing program was too limited in growth potential to allow that.

Therefore it was decided to leapfrog the technology by contracting with Russian companies to assist in building a new space launch center at Doheung on the southern tip of the Korean peninsula, together with a large space launch vehicle based on the Khrunichev Angara modular booster. This multi-billion dollar program got underway with some indirection in 2004. First launch of the KSLV-I launch vehicle from the new space center was scheduled for 2007, with completion of the spaceport and launch of a 1500 kg South Korean satellite into sun-synchronous orbit by 2015.



People: Ko San, Yi Soyeon. Spacecraft: Oscar, SSTL-70, AS 3000, Kitsat, AS 2100, Star bus, KOMPSAT, Cubesat, STSat, Spacebus 4000, Eurostar 3000, KOMPSAT-2, Arirang. Launch Vehicles: Thor, R-7, R-14, UR-100N, Ariane, SSM Korea, KSR, KSR-I, PSLV, Taurus, Ariane 5, KSR-II, KSR-III, KSLV-I 2002, KSLV, Naro-1, KSLV-II, KSLV-III, Hyunmoo-2B. Projects: Koreasat. Launch Sites: Taean, Cape Canaveral, Vandenberg, Baikonur, Mace South Korea, Plesetsk, Tanegashima, Kourou, Sriharikota, Anhueng, Kiritimati, Dombarovskiy, Goheung. Stages: KSR-3, KSR-1. Agency: ISRO, Surrey, Arianespace, KAIST, KARI, KT, Lockheed, Ale.
Photo Gallery

S Korean LVsS Korean LVs
South Korean space launch vehicles, including Russian Angara-derived vehicles.
Credit: © Mark Wade



1976 October 19 - .
1978 June 2 - .
1992 August 10 - . 23:08 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ELA2. LV Family: Ariane. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 42P.
1993 June 4 - . Launch Site: Anhueng. LV Family: KSR. Launch Vehicle: KSR-I.
1993 September 1 - . Launch Site: Anhueng. LV Family: KSR. Launch Vehicle: KSR-I.
1993 September 26 - . 01:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ELA2. LV Family: Ariane. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 40.
1994 September 19 - .
1995 August 5 - . 11:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC17B. LV Family: Thor. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7925. FAILURE: Partial Failure.. Failed Stage: U.
1996 January 14 - . 11:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC17B. LV Family: Thor. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7925.
1997 July 9 - . Launch Site: Anhueng. LV Family: KSR. Launch Vehicle: KSR-II.
1998 June 11 - . 01:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Anhueng. LV Family: KSR. Launch Vehicle: KSR-II.
1999 May 26 - . 06:22 GMT - . Launch Site: Sriharikota. Launch Complex: Sriharikota PSLV. Launch Vehicle: PSLV.
1999 September 4 - . 22:34 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ELA2. LV Family: Ariane. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 42P.
1999 December 21 - . 07:13 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg 576E. LV Family: Taurus. Launch Vehicle: Taurus 2110.
2002 November 28 - . 05:52 GMT - . Launch Site: Anhueng. LV Family: KSR. Launch Vehicle: KSR-III.
2003 September 27 - . 06:12 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC132/1. LV Family: R-14. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
2006 July 28 - . 07:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC133/3. LV Family: UR-100N. Launch Vehicle: Rokot.
2006 August 22 - . 03:27 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiritimati. Launch Pad: 0.0 N x 154.0 W. Launch Platform: Odyssey. LV Family: Zenit. Launch Vehicle: Zenit-3SL.
2009 August 25 - . 08:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Goheung. LV Family: Angara. Launch Vehicle: Naro-1. FAILURE: First and second stages operated correctly, but half of payload fairing failed to separate. Extra mass prevented the second stage and payload from reaching orbital velocity, and the satellite reentered over New Guinea..
2010 June 10 - . 18:01 GMT - . Launch Site: Goheung. LV Family: Angara. Launch Vehicle: Naro-1. FAILURE: First stage failure..
2010 June 26 - . 21:41 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ELA3. LV Family: Ariane 5. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5ECA.
2010 December 29 - . 21:27 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ELA3. LV Family: Ariane 5. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5ECA.
2012 May 17 - . 16:39 GMT - . Launch Site: Tanegashima. Launch Complex: Tanegashima Y. LV Family: H-2. Launch Vehicle: H-IIA 202.
2013 January 30 - . 07:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Goheung. LV Family: Angara. Launch Vehicle: Naro-1.
2013 April 19 - . 10:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. Launch Pad: LC31/6. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz-2-1A.
2013 August 22 - . 14:39 GMT - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. Launch Pad: Yasniy Sh370/13. LV Family: R-36M. Launch Vehicle: Dnepr.
2013 November 21 - . 07:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. Launch Pad: xxx. LV Family: R-36M. Launch Vehicle: Dnepr.
2014 March 23 - . Launch Site: Taean. LV Family: Hyunmoo-2. Launch Vehicle: Hyunmoo-2B.
2015 March 25 - . 22:08 GMT - . Launch Site: Dombarovskiy. Launch Complex: Yasniy Sh370/13. LV Family: R-36M. Launch Vehicle: Dnepr.
2015 June 3 - . Launch Site: Anhueng. LV Family: Hyunmoo-2. Launch Vehicle: Hyunmoo-2B.
2017 March 17 - . Launch Site: Anhueng. LV Family: Hyunmoo-2B. Launch Vehicle: Hyunmoo-2C.
2017 April 18 - . 15:10 GMT - . Launch Platform: ISS. LV Family: Atlas V. Launch Vehicle: Atlas V 401.
2017 May 4 - . 21:49 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ELA3. LV Family: Ariane 5. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5ECA.
2017 June 23 - . 01:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Anhueng. LV Family: Hyunmoo-2. Launch Vehicle: Hyunmoo-2C.
2017 July 4 - . 22:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Goseong. Launch Vehicle: ATACMS.
2017 July 4 - . 22:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Goseong. LV Family: Hyunmoo-2. Launch Vehicle: Hyunmoo-2B.
2017 July 28 - . 22:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Goseong. Launch Vehicle: ATACMS.
2017 July 28 - . 22:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Goseong. LV Family: Hyunmoo-2. Launch Vehicle: Hyunmoo-2B.
2017 September 14 - . 23:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Goseung. LV Family: Hyunmoo-2. Launch Vehicle: Hyunmoo-2A.
2017 October 30 - . 19:33 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39A. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2017 November 28 - . 18:23 GMT - . Launch Site: Goeseong. LV Family: Hyunmoo-2. Launch Vehicle: Hyunmoo-2C.
2018 January 12 - . 03:58 GMT - . Launch Site: Sriharikota. Launch Complex: Sriharikota FLP. LV Family: PSLV. Launch Vehicle: PSLV-XL.
2018 November 28 - . 07:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Naro. LV Family: Angara. Launch Vehicle: KSLV-II.
2018 December 3 - . 18:33 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC4E. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 December 4 - . 20:36 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ELA3. LV Family: Ariane 5. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5ECA.

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