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Falcon

Falcon 1

Falcon 1

Falcons are a family of two stage, reusable, liquid oxygen and kerosene powered launch vehicles, designed for cost-efficient and reliable transport of satellites and manned spacecraft to low Earth orbit. The Falcon 1 satellite launcher began launches in 2006, with the Falcon 9 - as large as a Saturn I - flying in 2010. The Falcon series was the only successful project among many attempts to privately develop a low cost launch system since the 1960's.

AKA: AIM-4.

Falcon I was a two stage, reusable, liquid oxygen and kerosene powered launch vehicle. A single engine powered the first stage. It was designed for cost-efficient and reliable transport of satellites to low Earth orbit. First launch of the Falcon I was scheduled for mid-2004 from Vandenberg, carrying a US Defense Department communications satellite. Development delays and problems with USAF clearances for launch from Vandenberg resulted in the first launch attempt being made in 2006 from a private facility at Omelek near Kwajalein atoll in the Pacific. Success was achieved on the fourth launch in 2008. The Falcon 1 was to be superseded by the Falcon 1e, with an extended-tank first stage, from 2010.

The first stage primary structure was made of a space grade aluminum alloy in a patent pending, graduated monocoque, common bulkhead, flight pressure stabilized architecture developed by SpaceX. The design was a blend between a fully pressure stabilized design, such as Atlas II, and a heavier isogrid design, such as Delta II. As a result, SpaceX claimed to have captured the mass efficiency of pressure stabilization, but avoided the ground handling difficulties of a structure unable to support its own weight. A single SpaceX Merlin engine powered the Falcon I first stage. After engine start, Falcon would be held down until all vehicle systems were verified to be functioning normally before release for lift-off. Helium tank pressurization was provided by composite over-wrapped Inconel tanks from Arde Corporation, the same model used in Boeing's Delta IV rocket. Stage separation occurred via dual initiated separation bolts and a pneumatic pusher system. All components were space qualified and had flown before on other launch vehicles.

The first stage returned by parachute to a water landing, where it was picked up by ship in a procedure similar to that of the Space Shuttle solid rocket boosters. The parachute recovery system was built for SpaceX by Irvin Parachute Corporation, who also builds the Shuttle booster recovery system.

The second stage tank structure was made of aluminum-lithium alloy. SpaceX found this to be the lowest total system mass in this application of any material examined, including liquid oxygen compatible super-alloys and composites. A single SpaceX Kestrel pressure-fed engine powered the Falcon I upper stage. For added reliability of restart, the engine had dual redundant torch igniters. Helium pressurization was again provided by composite over wrapped Inconel tanks from Arde. The helium was also used in cold gas thrusters for attitude control and propellant settling when a restart was needed.



Subtopics

Falcon 1 American two stage, liquid oxygen and kerosene powered, low cost launch vehicle. A single engine powered the first stage. It was designed for cost-efficient and reliable transport of satellites to low Earth orbit. First launch of the Falcon I was scheduled for mid-2004 from Vandenberg, carrying a US Defense Department communications satellite. Development delays and problems with USAF clearances for launch from Vandenberg resulted in the first launch attempt being made in 2006 from a private facility at Omelek near Kwajalein atoll in the Pacific. Success was achieved on the fourth launch in 2008. The Falcon 1 was to be superseded by the Falcon 1e, with an extended-tank first stage, from 2010.

Falcon 1e Version of Falcon 1 with stretched first stage and much more powerful Merlin engine.

Falcon 5 American low cost orbital launch vehicle. Falcon V was a two stage, reusable, liquid oxygen and kerosene powered launch vehicle. The maiden flight was targeted for mid-2005 as of early 2004. It used of the same engines, structural materials and concepts, and avionics and launch system as the Falcon I, differing in having five first-stage engines instead of 1 and a larger diameter. This meant that all the critical components would have a flight proven history even before first launch. By 2006 it had been superseded by the slightly larger Falcon 9.

Falcon 9 American low cost orbital launch vehicle. In September 2006 SpaceX was named as one of two winners of the NASA Commercial Orbital Transportation Services competition. The SpaceX award was $278 million for three flight demonstrations of the Falcon 9 booster carrying the Dragon space capsule. On 23 December 2008 NASA announced that the Falcon 9 / Dragon had been selected for launch of a guaranteed minimum of 20,000 kg of payload to the International Space Station in 2010-2014. The firm contract was worth $1.6 billion, with another $1.5 billion of options.

Falcon 9 Heavy American low cost orbital launch vehicle. The Falcon 9 Heavy would consist of a standard Falcon 9 v1.1 with two additional Falcon 9 first stages as liquid strap-on boosters.

Falcon 9 v1.1 Falcon 9 v1.1 represented a 50% increase in lift-off mass, with correspondingly upgraded engines with a 5% improvement in specific impulse.

Falcon 9 v1.2 American orbital launch vehicle. Upgraded version of Falcon 9 v1.1 with greater thrust, improved structure, 30% greater payload performance.

Falcon 9R Version of Falcon 9 with capability to recover first stage on a floating platform downrange or at the launch site, depending on the payload margins.

Falcon-1 (Development Version) American orbital launch vehicle variant, development version of Falcon 1.

Falcon-9 Family American orbital launch vehicle family.

Falcon-9 v1.2(ex) American orbital launch vehicle. Expendable first stage for maximum payload as opposed to standard recoverable first stage variant.

Grasshopper Test version of recoverable Falcon 9 first stage, used for landing tests.

Country: USA. Spacecraft: Celestis, FalconSat, Nanosail, PreSat, Trailblazer. Launch Sites: Kwajalein.
Photo Gallery

FalconFalcon
Credit: via Andreas Parsch



2006 March 24 - . Launch Site: Kwajalein. Launch Complex: Kwajalein OM. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 1. FAILURE: Fuel leak at T+25 seconds caused a fire in the first stage engine area. Failed Stage: 1.
2007 March 21 - . 01:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Kwajalein. Launch Complex: Kwajalein OM. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 1. FAILURE: Liquid oxygen slosh in the second stage created an oscillation, putting the stage in an uncontrollable roll, starving the engine from propellant.. Failed Stage: 2.
2008 August 3 - . 03:34 GMT - . Launch Site: Kwajalein. Launch Complex: Kwajalein OM. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 1. FAILURE: The new Merlin 1C first stage engine completed its burn, but the thrust took longer to decay than expected. It was still thrusting when stage 2 tried to separate, and the two stages collided, setting the second stage tumbling..
2008 September 28 - . Launch Site: Kwajalein. Launch Complex: Kwajalein OM. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 1.
2009 July 14 - . 03:36 GMT - . Launch Site: Kwajalein. Launch Complex: Kwajalein OM. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 1.
2010 June 4 - . 18:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2010 December 8 - . 15:43 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2012 May 22 - . 07:44 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2012 September 21 - . Launch Site: McGregor. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Grasshopper.
2012 October 8 - . 00:35 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2012 November 1 - . Launch Site: McGregor. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Grasshopper.
2012 December 17 - . Launch Site: McGregor. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Grasshopper.
2013 March 1 - . 15:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2013 March 7 - . Launch Site: McGregor. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Grasshopper.
2013 April 19 - . Launch Site: McGregor. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Grasshopper.
2013 June 14 - . Launch Site: McGregor. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Grasshopper.
2013 August 13 - . Launch Site: McGregor. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Grasshopper.
2013 September 29 - . 16:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC4E. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2013 October 7 - . Launch Site: McGregor. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Grasshopper.
2013 December 3 - . 22:41 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2014 January 6 - . 22:06 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2014 April 17 - . Launch Site: McGregor. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9R.
2014 April 18 - . 19:25 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2014 May 1 - . Launch Site: McGregor. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9R.
2014 June 17 - . 22:04 GMT - . Launch Site: McGregor. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9R.
2014 July 14 - . 15:15 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2014 August 5 - . 08:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2014 August 22 - . 22:45 GMT - . Launch Site: McGregor. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9R.
2014 September 7 - . 05:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: Cape Canaveral SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.1.
2014 September 21 - . 05:52 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: Cape Canaveral SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.1.
2015 January 10 - . 09:47 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: Cape Canaveral SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.1.
2015 February 11 - . 23:03 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: Cape Canaveral SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.1.
2015 March 2 - . 03:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: Cape Canaveral SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.1.
2015 April 14 - . 20:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: Cape Canaveral SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.1.
2015 April 27 - . 23:03 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: Cape Canaveral SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.1.
2015 June 28 - . 14:21 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: Cape Canaveral SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.1. FAILURE: Failed close to the end of stage 1 burn. A strut holding an internal helium pressurization tank broke during second stage initialization at T+139 sec at 45 km altitude. The resulting overpressure caused the second stage to blow apart.. Failed Stage: 2.
2015 December 22 - . 01:29 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: Cape Canaveral SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.2.
2016 January 17 - . 18:42 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC4E. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.1.
2016 March 4 - . 23:35 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: Cape Canaveral SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.2.
2016 April 8 - . 20:43 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: Cape Canaveral SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.2.
2016 May 6 - . 05:21 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: Cape Canaveral SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.2.
2016 May 27 - . 21:39 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: Cape Canaveral SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.2.
2016 June 15 - . 14:29 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: Cape Canaveral SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.2.
2016 July 18 - . 04:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: Cape Canaveral SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.2.
2016 August 14 - . 05:26 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. Launch Pad: Cape Canaveral SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.2.
2017 January 14 - . 17:54 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC4E. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.2.
2017 February 19 - . 14:39 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39A. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.2.
2017 March 16 - . 06:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39A. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.2.
2017 March 30 - . 22:27 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39A. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 v1.2.
2017 May 1 - . 11:14 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39A. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2017 May 15 - . 23:20 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39A. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2017 June 3 - . 21:06 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39A. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2017 June 3 - . 21:06 GMT - . Launch Platform: ISS. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2017 June 23 - . 19:09 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39A. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2017 June 25 - . 20:24 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC4E. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2017 July 5 - . 23:37 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39A. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2017 August 14 - . 16:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39A. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2017 August 14 - . 16:30 GMT - . Launch Platform: ISS. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2017 August 24 - . 18:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC4E. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2017 September 7 - . 14:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39A. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2017 October 9 - . 12:36 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC4E. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2017 October 11 - . 22:52 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39A. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2017 October 30 - . 19:33 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39A. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2017 December 15 - . 15:35 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2017 December 23 - . 01:26 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC4E. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 January 8 - . 01:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 January 31 - . 21:24 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 February 6 - . 20:44 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39A. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9 Heavy.
2018 February 22 - . 14:16 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC4E. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 March 6 - . 05:32 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 March 30 - . 14:12 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC4E. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 April 2 - . 20:29 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 April 2 - . 20:29 GMT - . Launch Platform: ISS. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 April 18 - . 22:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 May 11 - . 20:13 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39A. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 May 22 - . 19:46 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC4E. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 June 4 - . 04:44 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 June 29 - . 09:41 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 July 22 - . 05:49 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 July 25 - . 11:38 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC4E. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 August 7 - . 05:17 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 September 10 - . 04:44 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 October 8 - . 02:20 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC4E. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 November 15 - . 20:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39A. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 December 3 - . 18:33 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC4E. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 December 5 - . 18:15 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2018 December 23 - . 13:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral SLC40. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.
2019 January 11 - . 15:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC4E. LV Family: Falcon. Launch Vehicle: Falcon 9.

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