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X-Prize
The X-Prize competition was an attempt to promote commercial civilian spaceflight in a manner similar to the prizes handed out in the early days of aviation. Ten million dollars was to go to the first team to fly a vehicle capable of launching three people into space (defined as an altitude of 100 km in a suborbital trajectory), twice in a two-week period. The vehicle had to be 90% reusable by dry mass. For purposes of the two flights, the competition accepted flight by one person and ballast equivalent to two others at 90 kg per passenger.


More at: X-Prize.

Subtopics

Starchaser 5 British manned spacecraft. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital ballistic spacecraft concept of Starchaser Industries, Cheshire, England. The concept used a rocket powered vertical takeoff followed by a parachute descent to land.

LB-X American manned spaceplane. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital spaceplane concept of Kelly Space & Technology, San Bernardino, California.

Gauchito Argentinian manned spacecraft. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital ballistic spacecraft concept of Pablo De Leon of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Reached the stage of engineering tests by 2003.

Wild Fire Canadian manned spacecraft. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital balloon-launched ballistic spacecraft concept of the Da Vinci Project, led by Brian Feeney of Toronto, Canada. Reached the stage of engineering tests by 2003.

Orizont Romanian manned spacecraft. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital ballistic spacecraft concept of Aeronautics and Cosmonautics Romanian Association. Reached the stage of engineering tests by 2003.

Canadian Arrow Canadian manned spacecraft. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital ballistic spacecraft concept of Geoff Sheerin, Toronto. Reached the stage of engineering tests by 2003.

Black Armadillo American manned spacecraft. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital ballistic spacecraft concept of Armadillo Aerospace, Mesquite, Texas. Reached the stage of engineering tests by 2003.

Cosmopolis 21 Russian manned spaceplane. Mock-up unveiled in 2002. On 15 March 2002 Space Adventures unveiled the mock-up of their C-21 (Cosmopolis 21) spaceplane at Zhukovskiy Air Base, Moscow.

Mayflower American manned spaceplane. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital seaplane-spacecraft of Advent Launch Services of Houston, Texas. Reached the stage of engineering tests by 2003.

Eagle X-Prize American manned spacecraft. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital ballistic spacecraft concept of Vanguard Spacecraft of Bridgewater, Massachusetts.

Crusader X American manned spacecraft. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital ballistic spacecraft concept of Micro-Space, Inc of Denver, Colorado.

SpaceShipOne Flight 15P First private manned spaceflight. Fourth powered flight of SpaceShipOne and first flight above 100 km altitude. Spacecraft rolled 90 degrees right and left at motor ignition; attitude control lost at engine shut down; engine fairing collapsed.

SpaceShipOne Flight 16P Fifth powered flight of Burt Rutan's SpaceShipOne and first of two flights over 100 km that needed to be accomplished in a week to win the $10 million X-Prize. Spacecraft did a series of 60 rolls during last stage of engine burn.

SpaceShipOne Flight 17P Suborbital altitude record for a manned spaceplane Sixth powered flight of Burt Rutan's SpaceShipOne and winner of the $10 million X-Prize by becoming the second flight over 100 km within a week.

Aurora X-Prize American manned spaceplane. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital spaceplane concept of Fundamental Technology Systems, Orlando, Florida.

Cosmos Mariner American manned spaceplane. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital spaceplane concept of Lone Star Space Access, Houston, Texas.

Kitten American manned spaceplane. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital rocketplane concept of Kittyhawk of Oroville, Washington.

Lucky Seven American manned spacecraft. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital ballistic spacecraft concept of Acceleration Engineering, Bath, Michigan.

Liberator American manned spacecraft. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital ballistic spacecraft concept of HARC, Huntsville, Alabama.

Michelle-B American manned spacecraft. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital ballistic spacecraft concept of TGV Rockets, Bethesda, Maryland. As of 2005, flight testing of the Michelle-B was expected to begin no earlier than 2007.

Negev 5 Israeli manned spacecraft. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital balloon-launched ballistic spacecraft concept of IL Aerospace Technologies (ILAT), Israel.

Pioneer XP American manned spaceplane. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital spaceplane concept of Pioneer Rocketplane, Solvang, California. No backing forthcoming.

Rubicon American manned spacecraft. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital ballistic spacecraft concept of STC.

SabreRocket American manned spaceplane. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital spaceplane concept of Panaero, Fairfax, Virginia. It envisioned conversion of a Sabre-40 business jet to rocket power.

Solaris X American manned spacecraft. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital ballistic spacecraft concept of Interorbital Systems of Mojave, California.

The Space Tourist American manned spaceplane. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital flying saucer concept of Discraft Corporation of Portland, Oregon.

The Green Arrow British manned spacecraft. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital ballistic spacecraft concept of Flight Exploration of London, England.

The Spirit of Liberty American manned spacecraft. Study 2004. X-Prize suborbital ballistic spacecraft concept of American Astronautics Corporation, Oceanside, California.

People: Melvill, Siebold, Binnie. Flights: SpaceShipOne Flight 15P, SpaceShipOne Flight 16P, SpaceShipOne Flight 17P. Launch Sites: Mojave. Agency: Scaled. Bibliography: 7755.

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1998 September 1 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave.
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2002 August 1 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2002 August 5 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2002 August 19 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2002 August 27 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2002 September 6 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2002 September 28 - .
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2002 October 9 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2002 October 10 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2002 October 16 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2002 October 17 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2002 October 17 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2002 October 24 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2002 October 24 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2002 October 24 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2002 October 24 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2002 November 6 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2002 November 12 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2002 November 16 - .
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2003 February 24 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 March 7 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 March 11 - .
2003 March 15 - .
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2003 April 9 - .
2003 April 10 - .
2003 April 15 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 April 15 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 April 18 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 April 26 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 May 2 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 May 16 - .
2003 May 20 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave RW12/30. Launch Platform: WK1. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
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2003 July 3 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 July 5 - .
2003 July 11 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 July 11 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 July 11 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 July 22 - .
2003 July 29 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave RW12/30. Launch Platform: WK1. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 August 7 - . 14:37 GMT - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave RW12/30. Launch Platform: WK1. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 August 27 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave RW12/30. Launch Platform: WK1. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 August 27 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave RW12/30. Launch Platform: WK1. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
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2003 September 11 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 September 18 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 September 19 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 September 20 - .
2003 September 23 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave RW12/30. Launch Platform: WK1. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 October 17 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave RW12/30. Launch Platform: WK1. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 November 5 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 November 14 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave RW12/30. Launch Platform: WK1. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 November 19 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave RW12/30. Launch Platform: WK1. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 December 4 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave RW12/30. Launch Platform: WK1. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2003 December 17 - . 16:15 GMT - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave RW12/30. Launch Platform: WK1. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2004 February 18 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2004 February 18 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2004 February 18 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2004 March 4 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2004 March 8 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2004 March 11 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave RW12/30. Launch Platform: WK1. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2004 March 30 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2004 March 31 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
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2004 April 5 - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2004 April 8 - . 15:11 GMT - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave RW12/30. Launch Platform: WK1. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.
2004 May 13 - . 15:31 GMT - . Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: Mojave RW12/30. Launch Platform: WK1. LV Family: SpaceShip. Launch Vehicle: Spaceship One.

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