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Shea, Joseph Francis
Shea
Shea
American engineer. Lead NASA manager responsible for development of the Apollo spacecraft

Born: 1926-09-05. Died: 1999-02-14.

Shea was the son of an Irish mechanic for the New York City subway system, who group up in a working-class neighborhood of the Bronx. Enlisting in the navy during World War II, the service found he had a mathematical aptitude that was off the scale. They sent him for an in-depth engineering education at the University of Michigan, with post-graduate duties at Dartmouth, then MIT, before he finally moved to Bell Labs in 1950. By then he had a doctorate in engineering and a reputation for combining technical brilliance with managerial competence.

Shea was an aesthete, a jogger, a near-teetotaler, and a believer in formal system engineering with no aviation background, At the time the aerospace industry was dominated by macho two-fisted hard-drinking, hard-driving ex-pilots. In 1959 General Motors decided to muscle into the new booming missile-and-space business. They hired Shea to head up development of inertial navigation systems, incongruously within their AC Spark Plug division. Shea won the contract for the Titan 2 ICBM guidance system, developed it on schedule and within budget within two years. He was snapped up by TRW in the fall of 1961, but then NASA asked him if he wanted a key role in Kennedy's quest to land an American on the moon. Shea answered the call, despite the tremendous cut in salary. In October 1963 he was put in charge of overseeing, on NASA's behalf, the Apollo spacecraft development program at North American's plant in Downey, California.

Two prior NASA managers had burned out in the constant combat between NASA and its subcontractor. The two teams had very different engineering philosophies, and especially different ideas about liability for costly engineering changes dictated by NASA. Shea also clashed with the North American managers, especially Harrison Storms. But eventually Shea managed to stem the flood of unnecessary change orders on the NASA side, and reached a tense accommodation with Storms on the North American side. He managed to bring the Apollo spacecraft to readiness for its first manned flight only five months late to its original plan, a tremendous accomplishment.

But then the Apollo fire happened. Shea took the event personally, and collapsed mentally. Heads would roll, and after the dust had settled, the leading players selected to take the fall were Shea and Storms, the two men actually most responsible for the program's success.

Shea was bumped up to a do-nothing job at NASA headquarters, and left NASA in 1967 for an executive position at Polaroid. A year later, he moved to Raytheon, where he fulfilled a variety of senior executive positions until 1990. In retirement, he worked as an adjunct professor at MIT until 1995.



Country: USA. Agency: USN. Bibliography: 4472, 680, 6023.

1926 September 5 - .
1961 December 21 - .
1961 December 29 - .
1962 April 2-3 - . Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
1962 June 22 - .
1962 July 17 - .
1962 October 17 - .
1963 February 20 - .
1963 July 10 - .
1963 October 8 - .
1963 November 5 - .
1963 November 27 - .
1963 December 26 - . Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
1964 February 25 - .
1964 April 7-8 - .
1964 April 16 - .
1964 October 14 - .
1964 October 22 - .
1964 November 25 - .
1964 December 1 - .
1964 December 16 - .
1964 - During the last quarter - .
1965 January 6 - .
1965 January 18 - .
1965 January - .
1965 February 17 - .
1965 February 26 - .
1965 March 8 - . Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
1965 March 24 - .
1965 April 28 - .
1965 May 30-June 5 - .
1965 June 1 - .
1965 June 5 - .
1965 June 16 - .
1965 June 21 - .
1965 July 2 - .
1965 July 15 - .
1965 July 31 - .
1965 August 19 - .
1965 August 23 - .
1965 September 10 - .
1965 September 13 - .
1965 September 21 - .
1965 October 5 - .
1965 November 22 - . Launch Vehicle: Little Joe II.
1965 December 7 - .
1965 - During the last quarter - .
1966 March 1 - .
1966 March 3 - .
1966 April 18 - .
1966 May 5 - .
1966 May 27 - .
1966 July 13 - . Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
1966 August 31 - .
1966 September 28 - .
1966 October 12 - .
1966 October 21 - .
1966 December 6 - .
1967 January 3 - .
1967 January 27 - . LV Family: Saturn I. Launch Vehicle: Saturn IB.
1967 February 3 - .
1967 February 8 - .
1967 March 31 - .
1967 April 7 - .
1999 February 14 - .

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