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VVS
AKA: Voenno-Vosdushniye Sili. Location: Moskva.
People: Agaltsov, Rudenko, Bakhchivangi, Kamanin, Goreglyad, Sirobaba, Beregovoi, Zhukov, Nikolai, Sidorenko, Demin, Komarov, Matinchenko, Shatalov, Ilyushin, Lazarev, Filipchenko, Dobrovolsky, Nikolayev, Bululkov, Filatyev, Artyukhin, Voronov, Belousov, Popovich, Vorobyov, Gubarev, Sorokin, Popovich, Marina, Pitskhelauri, Kuklin, Degtyarev, Porvatkin, Zaikin, Kartashov, Burdayev, Anikeyev, Alekseyev, Khrunov, Rafikov, Gagarin, Nelyubov, Leonov, Bykovsky, Varlamov, Gorbatko, Volynov, Kugno, Shonin, Lisun, Titov, Buinovski, Kolesnikov, Gaidukov, Sologub, Bondarenko, Tereshkova, Volk, Stepanov, Eduard, Gulyayev, Zholobov, Solovyova, Fastovets, Preobrazhensky, Yerkina, Illarionov, Sharafutdinov, Glazkov, Beloborodov, Isakov, Shcheglov, Khludeyev, Yakovlev, Fyodorov, Levchenko, Kuznetsova, Lyakhov, Kizim, Pisarev, Malyshev, Sattarov, Petrushenko, Sarafanov, Zudov, Kozelsky, Bachurin, Kovalyonok, Berezovoi, Voloshin, Grishchenko, Dzhanibekov, Skvortsov, Klimuk, Kramarenko, Gruzdev, Isaulov, Sokovykh, Mosolov, Chirkin, Dedkov, Stankevicius, Romanenko, Lysenko, Fefelov, Popov, Kozlov, Vladimir, Shchukin, Zabolotski, Aubakirov, Titov, Vladimir, Protchenko, Viktorenko, Sheffer, Borodai, Solovyov, Volkov, Aleksandr, Pakhomov, Baberdin, Afanasyev, Puchkov, Bukreyev, Moskalenko, Turovets, Saley, Grekov, Manakov, Ivanov, Leonid, Maksimenko, Musabayev, Tolboyev, Kadenyuk, Vasyutin, Tokarev, Pushenko, Korzun, Prikhodko, Tsibliyev, Tresvyatski, Krichevsky, Yablontsev, Polonski, Artsebarsky, Vozovikov, Padalka, Onufrienko, Malenchenko, Gidzenko, Zalyotin, Dezhurov, Moshkin, Sharipov, Lonchakov, Kotov, Kondratiyev, Ivanishin, Samokutyayev, Romanenko, Roman, Valkov, Ovchinin, Surayev, Shkaplerov, Volkov, Sergey, Tarelkin, Ponomarev. Country: Russia. Spacecraft: Malyutka, 346 rocketplane, I-270, Umanskiy Space Capsule.
1998 October 25 - . 04:14 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz-U-PVB.
- Spoutnik-41 - .
Nation: France.
Agency: ACF,
VVS.
Manufacturer: AFR.
Program: Oscar.
Class: Communications.
Type: Civilian communications satellite. Spacecraft: PS Model.
Decay Date: 1999-01-11 . USAF Sat Cat: 25533 . COSPAR: 1998-062C. Apogee: 318 km (197 mi). Perigee: 313 km (194 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg.
On a space walk from Mir on November 10, Padalka and Avdeyev hand-launched the Spoutnik-41 amateur-radio mini-satellite at around 19:30 GMT. Spoutnik-41, also designated RS-18, was another scale model of the first satellite, Sputnik 1, launched 41 years ago. It carried a small transmitter and was sponsored by Aero Club de France, AMSAT-France, and the Astronautical Federation of Russia. A similar model was launched in 1997 for the fortieth anniversary of Sputnik. On that occasion, two flight models were carried to Mir but only one was launched. The second Spoutnik-40 flight model was still aboard Mir as of 1998. The second Spoutnik-40 would perhaps be deployed prior to the abandonment of Mir in 1999.
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