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Mariner
Mariner spacecraft were built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for early exploration of the nearby planets. The Mariner series became the first spacecraft to return significant data on the surface and atmosphere conditions of Venus, Mars, and Mercury.



Subtopics

Mariner R American Venus probe. Study 1961. Planned 1961 JPL crash program to beat the Soviet Union in launching the first probe to another planet.

Mariner 1-2 American Venus probe. The world's first successful interplanetary spacecraft.

Mariner 3-4 American Mars flyby probe. This spacecraft completed the first successful flyby of the planet Mars, returning the first pictures of the Martian surface. Mars flyby satellite built by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for NASA, USA. Launched 1964.

Mariner 5 American Venus probe. Mariner 5 was a refurbished backup spacecraft for the Mariner 4 Mars mission converted to fly a Venus mission.

Mariner 6-7 American Mars flyby probe. Mariner 6 and 7 comprised a dual-spacecraft mission to Mars. Mars flyby satellite built by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for NASA, USA. Launched 1969.

Mariner 8-9 American Mars orbiter. The Mariner Mars 71 mission was planned to consist of two spacecraft on complementary missions. Mars lander built by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for NASA, USA. Launched 1971.

Advanced Mariner Avco study of 1965 for an Advanced Mariner spacecraft on flyby/lander missions to Mars in 1969-1971 using an Atlas-Centaur with the Centaur burning 30% Flox. Not continued with after the use of fluorine in the Centaur upper stage was cancelled. Instead NASA flew the Atlas-Centaur Mariner Mars flyby missions in 1969, the Mariner Mars orbiter missions in 1971, and finally the Titan 3E-boosted Viking orbiter/landers in 1975.

Mariner 10 American Mercury probe.

Family: Venus. Country: USA. Spacecraft: Mariner 1-2, Mariner 3-4, Mariner 5, Mariner 6-7, Mariner 8-9, Mariner 10. Launch Vehicles: Atlas Agena B, Atlas SLV-3 Agena D, Atlas Agena D, Atlas SLV-3C Centaur, Atlas SLV-3D Centaur. Launch Sites: Cape Canaveral. Agency: JPL, NASA.

1961 September 28 - . LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Centaur LV-3C.
1962 July 22 - . 09:21 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC12. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Agena B. FAILURE: Destroyed by range safety.. Failed Stage: U.
1962 August 27 - . 06:53 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC12. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Agena B.
1962 December 14 - .
1964 November 5 - . 19:22 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC13. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Agena D. FAILURE: Launch fairing failure. Failed Stage: S.
1964 November 28 - . 14:22 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC12. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Agena D.
1965 July 14 - .
1967 June 14 - . 06:01 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC12. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.
1967 October 19 - .
1969 February 25 - . 01:29 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36B. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3C Centaur.
1969 March 27 - . 22:22 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36A. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3C Centaur.
1969 July 31 - .
1969 July 31 - .
1969 August 4 - .
1969 August 5 - .
1971 May 9 - . 01:11 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36A. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3C Centaur. FAILURE: Inadvertent Centaur electronic signal shut down stage early.. Failed Stage: U.
1971 May 30 - . 22:23 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36B. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3C Centaur.
1971 November 14 - .
1973 November 3 - .
1973 November 3 - . 05:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36B. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3D Centaur.
1974 February 5 - .
1974 March 29 - .
1974 March 29 - .
1974 September 21 - .
1974 September 21 - .
1975 March 16 - .
1975 March 16 - .
1975 March 24 - .

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