Poker Flat
Poker Flat
Credit - © Mark Wade
Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Operator: USA. Country: USA. Latitude: 65°07'01" N. Longitude: 147°28'01" W.

Sounding rocket launch site. In use from 1969 to present. Poker Flat Rocket Range (PFRR) contains five major launch pads. Pads 1 and 2 each have a 7.5K launcher, pads 3 and 4 each contain 20K MRL launchers, and pad 5 contains a 4K twinboom launcher. Pad 3 is equipped with a moveable launcher enclosure which can be used to protect a rocket on pad 3 and workers from the severe winter weather.

The range facilities include an operations and office building, a 40 x 50 foot launch-control blockhouse complex, a 50 x 50 foot payload assembly building with a Class-100 cleanroom, a 260-foot instrumented meteorological tower, minicomputers to calculate wind weight parameters, and other buildings for rocket storage, assembly, and various operations and maintenance functions.

Range telemetry support is provided by two S-band auto-track systems, incorporating an 8-foot and a 16-foot dish, provided by NASA and located in a 50-foot dome on Middle Range. PFRR also contains a C-Band NASA Radar for vehicle tracking, radar for local air traffic, and a meteorological balloon inflation building. Additionally, the range includes an automated UMKEHR Dobson ozone spectrophotometer meteorological measurement station, and a Transportable Orbital Tracking System (TOTS).

Poker Flat is connected to the Geophysical Institute by means of a digital microwave system which has a 45 Mbit/s (DS3) capacity. The fully-redundant microwave system provides the data channels (including Internet access) and most of the telephone circuits used at PFRR.

Science support facilities include the Optical Observatory which hosts lidar experiments, and the T. Neil Davis Science Operations Center, which houses magnetometers, riometers, all-sky auroral cameras, a meridian-scanning photometer, a Fabry-Perot interferometer, and other observing instruments such as the low-light color television camera and video recorder for auroral research. Local tropospheric measurements are made at the Climate Change Monitoring station. Downrange observatories exist at Fort Yukon, Kotzebue, Kaktovik on the Arctic Ocean and Spitzbergen.

At the Geophysical Institute, the Data Analysis Center provides data processing and archiving services, as well as network services such as anonymous FTP and this WWW server.

Launch Pads
  • Name: AML 20K launcher. Latitude: 65.1298 N. Longitude: 147.4855 W. Launch Pads: 1. Black Brant.
  • Name: AML 20K launcher. Latitude: 65.1302 N. Longitude: 147.4832 W. Launch Pads: 1. Black Brant.
Poker Flat Chronology and Launch Log
  • 1954 July 22 19:15 - Gamma Ray Astronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Deacon. LC: FW. Apogee: 86 km (53 mi).

  • 1965 October 18 08:30 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Iroquois. Nike Iroquois CRL AE07.618D LC: FW. Apogee: 103 km (64 mi).

  • 1965 October 22 07:54 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Iroquois. Nike Iroquois CRL AE07.619D LC: FW. Apogee: 137 km (85 mi).

  • 1969 March 5 04:30 - JUNIPER Ba Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Hydac. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

  • 1969 March 6 04:30 - ELM Ba Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Hydac. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

  • 1969 March 11 14:08 - IRONWOOD Ba Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Hydac. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

  • 1969 March 15 05:06 - Fir Ba Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: HJ Nike Hydac. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1969 March 17 12:38 - Magnetospheric mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.15UE Apogee: 216 km (134 mi).

  • 1969 March 18 05:17 - Gum Ba Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: HJ Nike Hydac. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1969 March 20 05:37 - Hemlock Ba Aeronomy/Fields mission Launch Vehicle: Terrier Sandhawk. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

  • 1970 March 2 04:30 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.90GE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1970 March 3 14:53 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.108GE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1970 March 4 14:41 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.109GE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1970 April 3 09:03 - Auroral mission? Launch Vehicle: Nike Hydac. Nike Hydac GI-SF6 Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

  • 1970 November 10 11:09 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.92UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1970 November 18 12:30 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.93UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1970 November 24 02:18 - Aeronomy Barium release mission Launch Vehicle: Bullpup Apache. Apogee: 50 km (31 mi).

  • 1970 December 2 02:00 - Aeronomy Barium release mission Launch Vehicle: Bullpup Apache. Apogee: 50 km (31 mi).

  • 1971 February 14 08:17 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.110UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1971 March 8 11:38 - Caribou V Auroral mission? Launch Vehicle: Terrier Tomahawk. Failure.

  • 1971 March 11 10:37 - Auroral mission? Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk Caribou V Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1971 March 16 09:05 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.14UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1971 March 17 10:57 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.95UA Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1971 March 19 12:38 - Auroral mission? Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1971 March 19 12:05 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.94UA Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1971 March 20 08:15 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.17UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1971 March 27 12:26 - Aeronomy mission? Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1971 August 27 09:00 - Aeronomy Barium release mission Launch Vehicle: Bullpup Apache. Apogee: 50 km (31 mi).

  • 1972 February 2 11:25 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.111UE Apogee: 173 km (107 mi).

  • 1972 February 25 07:23 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.112UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1972 March 6 12:14 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Astrobee D. Astrobee D CRL A30.205-3 Apogee: 86 km (53 mi).

  • 1972 March 7 05:16 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.141GE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1972 March 7 06:52 - Fields mission Launch Vehicle: Sandhawk Tomahawk. Sandhawk Tomahawk Sandia 152-188 Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1972 March 7 14:26 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.142GE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1972 March 9 14:08 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.143GE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1972 March 9 10:52 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Astrobee D. Astrobee D CRL A30.205-4 Apogee: 90 km (55 mi).

  • 1972 March 16 09:54 - CARIBOU VI Auroral mission? Launch Vehicle: Terrier Sandhawk. Terrier Sandhawk Sandia 281-24 Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

  • 1972 March 16 10:16 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant VA CRL A17.110-3 Apogee: 145 km (90 mi).

  • 1972 March 17 09:39 - Auroral mission? Launch Vehicle: Terrier Sandhawk. Terrier Sandhawk Sandia 281-25 Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Solar eclipse observations.

  • 1972 March 18 09:03 - Auroral mission? Launch Vehicle: Ute Apache. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

  • 1972 March 28 12:12 - Auroral mission? Launch Vehicle: Paiute Apache. Failure.

  • 1972 March 29 20:24 - Aeronomy Barium release mission Launch Vehicle: Bullpup Apache. Apogee: 50 km (31 mi).

  • 1972 July 10 18:51 - Solar Eclipse mission Launch Vehicle: Terrier Sandhawk. Terrier Sandhawk Sandia 281-28 Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

  • 1972 October 9 12:51 - Barium release aeronomy/Fields mission Launch Vehicle: Sandhawk Tomahawk. Sandhawk Tomahawk Sandia 152-191 Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1972 October 11 13:13 - Barium release aeronomy/Fields mission Launch Vehicle: Sandhawk Tomahawk. Failure. Sandhawk Tomahawk Sandia 152-192

  • 1972 October 13 15:11 - Li release Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.504CA Apogee: 160 km (90 mi).

  • 1972 October 13 03:39 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Apache. Failure. Nike Apache NASA 14.506CA Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

  • 1972 October 13 16:39 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.505CA Apogee: 160 km (90 mi).

  • 1972 October 21 13:16 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.151UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1973 February 5 04:48 - Barium release aeronomy/Fields mission Launch Vehicle: Sandhawk Tomahawk. Failure. Sandhawk Tomahawk Sandia 152-201 Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1973 February 6 10:35 - Caribou VII Auroral mission? Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk Sandia 152-199 Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1973 March 16 10:40 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.152UE Apogee: 249 km (154 mi).

  • 1973 March 21 10:11 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Astrobee D. Astrobee D CRL A30.205-5 Apogee: 78 km (48 mi).

  • 1973 March 21 06:00 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.144GE Apogee: 225 km (139 mi).

  • 1973 March 22 12:12 - Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant VC CRL A18.006-2 Apogee: 183 km (113 mi).

  • 1973 March 22 06:02 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.145GE Apogee: 240 km (140 mi).

  • 1973 March 24 10:31 - ICECAP 73A Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Paiute Tomahawk. Paiute Tomahawk CRL A10.205-2 Apogee: 213 km (132 mi).

  • 1973 March 27 12:58 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.146GE Apogee: 233 km (144 mi).

  • 1973 March 27 09:38 - ICECAP 73B Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Paiute Tomahawk. Paiute Tomahawk CRL A10.216-3 Apogee: 235 km (146 mi).

  • 1973 March 27 09:37 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant VC CRL A18.205-1 Apogee: 181 km (112 mi).

  • 1973 March 30 12:34 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.147GE Apogee: 243 km (150 mi).

  • 1973 March 31 12:27 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.148GE Apogee: 232 km (144 mi).

  • 1973 April 6 08:45 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Astrobee D. Astrobee D CRL A30.205-6 Apogee: 78 km (48 mi).

  • 1973 September 18 17:21 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Ute Tomahawk. Ute Tomahawk CRL A09.312-4 Apogee: 129 km (80 mi).

  • 1973 September 18 15:50 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Ute Tomahawk. Ute Tomahawk CRL A09.312-5 Apogee: 127 km (78 mi).

  • 1973 November 27 15:06 - Skylab Ba+ Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant IVA NASA 19.08UA Apogee: 552 km (342 mi).

  • 1973 December 4 15:20 - Skylab Ba+ Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant IVA NASA 19.09UA Apogee: 570 km (350 mi).

  • 1974 January 17 02:37 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.160GE Apogee: 298 km (185 mi).

  • 1974 January 21 02:39 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.161GE Apogee: 298 km (185 mi).

  • 1974 January 22 02:41 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.162GE Apogee: 298 km (185 mi).

  • 1974 February 8 04:16 - Test mission Launch Vehicle: Astrobee D. Astrobee D CRL A30.311-4 Apogee: 91 km (56 mi).

  • 1974 February 14 06:07 - CVF Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant VC CRL A18.006-4 Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

  • 1974 February 14 06:44 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Ute Tomahawk. Failure. Ute Tomahawk CRL A09.307-3 Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

  • 1974 February 19 07:43 - ICECAP 74A Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Hydac. Nike Hydac NH74-1 Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

  • 1974 February 21 09:16 - HIRIS Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant VC CRL A18.116-1 Apogee: 180 km (110 mi).

  • 1974 February 25 07:38 - MUTI Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant VC CRL A18.219-1 Apogee: 195 km (121 mi).

  • 1974 March 10 09:20 - Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.158IE Apogee: 189 km (117 mi).

  • 1974 March 16 12:28 - Aeronomy/Fields mission Launch Vehicle: Sandhawk Tomahawk. Apogee: 576 km (357 mi).

  • 1974 March 16 13:48 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk Acanta Contiga Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1974 March 23 08:11 - Re-entry Vehicle Test mission Launch Vehicle: Strypi. Failure. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

  • 1974 April 11 08:00 - ICECAP 74B Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Javelin. Nike Javelin NJ-74-1 Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

  • 1974 April 11 23:38 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Astrobee D. Failure. Astrobee D CRL A30.413-1 Apogee: 83 km (51 mi).

  • 1974 April 12 23:25 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Astrobee D. Astrobee D CRL A30.413-2 Apogee: 129 km (80 mi).

  • 1974 April 17 10:23 - ECHO III Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant VC NASA 21.26UE Apogee: 275 km (170 mi).

  • 1974 April 18 08:40 - ICECAP 74B Echo 3? Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Paiute Tomahawk. Paiute Tomahawk CRL A10.312-3 Apogee: 185 km (114 mi).

  • 1974 December 18 00:58 - Ballistic test mission Launch Vehicle: Sergeant Hydac. Sergeant Hydac SH74-1 Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1975 February 26 22:50 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Astrobee D. Astrobee D CRL A30.413-3 Apogee: 104 km (64 mi).

  • 1975 March 1 01:00 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Astrobee D. Astrobee D CRL A30.311-6 Apogee: 111 km (68 mi).

  • 1975 March 1 06:55 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.159UE Apogee: 190 km (110 mi).

  • 1975 March 4 07:39 - ICECAP 75A Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Javelin. Nike Javelin DNA IC506.14-2 Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

  • 1975 March 6 03:43 - ICECAP 75A Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Hydac. Nike Hydac DNA IC507.11-1A Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

  • 1975 March 6 06:16 - ICECAP 75A Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Hydac. Nike Hydac DNA IC507.11-3 Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

  • 1975 March 10 09:12 - ICECAP 75A Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Hydac. Nike Hydac DNA IC507.11-2A Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

  • 1975 March 11 06:33 - ICECAP Auroral mission? Launch Vehicle: HJ Nike Hydac. HJ Nike Hydac DNA IC511.21-1A Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1975 March 11 06:34 - ICECAP 75A Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Javelin. Nike Javelin DNA IC506.36-1 Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

  • 1975 March 12 07:48 - ICECAP 75A Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Sergeant Hydac. Sergeant Hydac IC519.07-1B Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1975 March 18 08:27 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.165UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1975 March 23 11:18 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.166UE Apogee: 230 km (140 mi).

  • 1975 April 4 12:00 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Failure. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.172GE Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

  • 1975 April 13 08:15 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.174GE Apogee: 299 km (185 mi).

  • 1975 April 13 10:38 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.173GE Apogee: 299 km (185 mi).

  • 1975 April 13 09:46 - EXCEDE Active Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Blue Scout Junior. Castor DNA EX531.43-1 Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

  • 1975 April 16 09:15 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.175GE Apogee: 299 km (185 mi).

  • 1975 June 13 00:19 - PF-SGT-100 Ballistic Test mission Launch Vehicle: Sergeant. Failure. Sergeant S75-1 Apogee: 8.00 km (4.90 mi).

  • 1975 October 30 23:52 - PF-SGT-101 Test mission Launch Vehicle: Sergeant. Sergeant EX530.90-1 Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

  • 1976 January 23 10:06 - Optical Track test mission Launch Vehicle: Sergeant. Sergeant WA630.50-1 Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

  • 1976 January 31 06:44 - ECHO IV Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant VC NASA 21.27UE Apogee: 225 km (139 mi).

  • 1976 February 7 00:05 - GI-PFRR Launcher T. Test mission Launch Vehicle: Nike. Apogee: 1.00 km (0.60 mi).

  • 1976 February 18 07:05 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.1001UE Apogee: 237 km (147 mi).

  • 1976 February 22 01:18 - ICECAP 76 Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Paiute Tomahawk. Paiute Tomahawk GL A10.504-1 Apogee: 248 km (154 mi).

  • 1976 February 28 05:46 - EXCEDE SWIR Active Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Sergeant. Sergeant EX630.42-1 Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

  • 1976 February 28 12:12 - FERRET/18.1003UE Auroral/Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.164UE Apogee: 281 km (174 mi).

  • 1976 March 1 10:45 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.1002UE Apogee: 246 km (152 mi).

  • 1976 March 3 17:44 - ICECAP 76 Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Paiute Tomahawk. Paiute Tomahawk GL A10.507-1 Apogee: 210 km (130 mi).

  • 1976 March 26 13:40 - Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Hydac. Nike Hydac DNA IC607.11-2C Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

  • 1976 March 27 06:43 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.176GE Apogee: 230 km (140 mi).

  • 1976 March 27 12:50 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.194GE Apogee: 230 km (140 mi).

  • 1976 March 28 13:00 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.195GE Apogee: 230 km (140 mi).

  • 1976 March 30 12:30 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.177GE Apogee: 230 km (140 mi).

  • 1976 March 30 12:56 - Barium release aeronomy/Fields mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Hydac. Nike Hydac NSF Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

  • 1976 April 1 09:28 - Ballistics test mission Launch Vehicle: HJ Hydac. HJ Hydac ARPA WS650.27-1 Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

  • 1976 April 1 08:05 - ICECAP 76 HIRIS Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Sergeant. Sergeant IC630.02-1A Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

  • 1976 September 21 14:03 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas TM1-8169 Apogee: 70 km (43 mi).

  • 1976 September 21 12:52 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.178GE Apogee: 253 km (157 mi).

  • 1976 September 23 11:37 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.179GE Apogee: 235 km (146 mi).

  • 1976 September 23 12:55 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas TM1-8170 Apogee: 86 km (53 mi).

  • 1976 September 25 07:56 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas TM1-8171 Apogee: 82 km (50 mi).

  • 1976 September 28 19:47 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Super Loki. Super Loki TM1-8521 Apogee: 70 km (43 mi).

  • 1976 September 30 12:53 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.180GE Apogee: 65 km (40 mi).

  • 1976 October 1 19:15 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Super Loki. Super Loki TM1-8522 Apogee: 74 km (45 mi).

  • 1976 November 13 10:31 - WIDEBAND Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: HJ Nike Hydac. HJ Nike Hydac ARPA WS614.51-3 Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1976 November 15 03:18 - Ballistics test mission Launch Vehicle: Talos Sergeant Hydac. Talos Sergeant Hydac DNA TE634.52-1 Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1976 November 19 04:06 - EXCEDE Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Talos Castor. Talos Castor DNA EX651.92-1 Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

  • 1976 November 26 10:25 - WIDEBAND Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: HJ Nike Hydac. HJ Nike Hydac ARPA WS614.51-4 Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1977 January 14 10:18 - Auroral/Aeronomy/Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Terrier Malemute. Terrier Malemute NASA 29.03AE Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1977 January 18 05:43 - Auroral/Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Terrier Malemute. Failure. Terrier Malemute NASA 29.04UE Apogee: 11 km (6 mi).

  • 1977 February 7 04:51 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.1011UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1977 February 11 04:48 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.1012UE Apogee: 212 km (131 mi).

  • 1977 June 6 22:34 - Ballistics test mission Launch Vehicle: HJ Javelin. HJ Javelin TE720.93-1 Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

  • 1977 September 28 15:33 - SPIRE I Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Talos Castor. Talos Castor DNA IC733.03-1 Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

  • 1977 November 13 08:55 - FWIF I Aeronomy/Auroral/Solar mission Launch Vehicle: Sergeant. Sergeant DNA IC730.09-1 Apogee: 141 km (87 mi).

  • 1977 November 15 10:33 - WIDEBAND Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: HJ Hydac. HJ Hydac ARPA WS710.51-1 Apogee: 170 km (100 mi).

  • 1977 November 19 23:52 - Test mission Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike NERDD Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

  • 1978 February 2 08:54 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Terrier Malemute. Terrier Malemute NASA 29.08UE Apogee: 616 km (382 mi).

  • 1978 February 27 05:43 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.1017UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1978 February 28 04:17 - Aeronomy Barium release mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.1015UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1978 February 28 08:10 - MULTI-WIDEBAND Technology Infrared mission Launch Vehicle: Sergeant Hydac. Sergeant Hydac DNA IC819.08-1 Apogee: 458 km (284 mi).

  • 1978 February 28 11:44 - Ballistics test mission Launch Vehicle: Talos Sergeant Hydac. Talos Sergeant Hydac DNA WS834.55-1 Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1978 March 1 19:06 - WIDEBAND Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: HJ Hydac. HJ Hydac ARPA WS810.51-2 Apogee: 170 km (100 mi).

  • 1978 March 2 04:23 - Aeronomy Barium release mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.1016UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1978 March 9 08:13 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Terrier Malemute. Terrier Malemute NASA 29.07UE Apogee: 336 km (208 mi).

  • 1978 March 10 13:15 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.1018UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1978 March 21 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.165GA Apogee: 62 km (38 mi).

  • 1978 March 27 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.169GA Apogee: 67 km (41 mi).

  • 1978 March 27 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.170UE Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

  • 1978 March 27 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.167GA Apogee: 67 km (41 mi).

  • 1978 March 27 10:27 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.215GM Apogee: 219 km (136 mi).

  • 1978 March 29 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.168GA Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

  • 1978 March 29 16:50 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.214GM Apogee: 231 km (143 mi).

  • 1978 March 29 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.166GA Apogee: 62 km (38 mi).

  • 1978 March 29 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.164GA Apogee: 63 km (39 mi).

  • 1978 March 30 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.171UE Apogee: 58 km (36 mi).

  • 1978 June 8 20:00 - Auroral mission? Launch Vehicle: Sergeant. Sergeant EX830.56-1 Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

  • 1978 October 26 09:20 - DYNAMICS Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Javelin. Failure. Nike Javelin DNA IC806.35-1 Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

  • 1978 October 26 09:29 - ENERGY Auroral Infrared mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Hydac. Nike Hydac DNA IR807.57-1 Apogee: 160 km (90 mi).

  • 1978 October 26 09:16 - SWIR DYNAMICS Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Hydac. Nike Hydac DNA IC807.15-1 Apogee: 122 km (75 mi).

  • 1978 October 29 05:02 - EXCEDE 1 Active Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Talos Castor. Talos Castor DNA EX851.44-1 Apogee: 137 km (85 mi).

  • 1978 November 13 12:44 - FWIF II Auroral Infrared mission Launch Vehicle: Sergeant. Sergeant DNA IC830.09-1A Apogee: 141 km (87 mi).

  • 1979 January 26 11:01 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Terrier Malemute. Failure. Terrier Malemute NASA 29.13UE Apogee: 186 km (115 mi).

  • 1979 January 27 20:05 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.150GM Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

  • 1979 January 28 08:33 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.151GM Apogee: 69 km (42 mi).

  • 1979 March 24 11:04 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Tomahawk. Taurus Tomahawk NASA 12.1003UE Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1979 April 1 10:31 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Tomahawk. Taurus Tomahawk NASA 12.1004UE Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1979 April 15 09:31 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Terrier Malemute. Terrier Malemute NASA 29.11GE Apogee: 671 km (416 mi).

  • 1979 April 15 09:25 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.218GE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1979 April 18 09:09 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Terrier Malemute. Terrier Malemute NASA 29.12GE Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1979 April 18 09:15 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.217GE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1979 July 16 13:20 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.196GM Apogee: 72 km (44 mi).

  • 1979 July 16 12:13 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.194GM Apogee: 88 km (54 mi).

  • 1979 July 17 12:23 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.195GM Apogee: 81 km (50 mi).

  • 1979 October 19 05:46 - EXCEDE 2 (SPECTRAL) Active Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Talos Castor. Talos Castor GL A51.970 Apogee: 128 km (79 mi).

  • 1979 November 13 04:45 - ECHO V Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Strypi. Strypi NASA 12.37UE Apogee: 215 km (133 mi).

  • 1980 January 27 09:17 - ARCS 1 Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Terrier Malemute. Terrier Malemute NASA 29.14UE Apogee: 433 km (269 mi).

  • 1980 March 16 11:55 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Tomahawk. Taurus Tomahawk NASA 34.03UE Apogee: 571 km (354 mi).

  • 1980 March 19 07:59 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Tomahawk. Taurus Tomahawk NASA 34.01UE Apogee: 596 km (370 mi).

  • 1980 March 22 11:36 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Tomahawk. Taurus Tomahawk NASA 34.02UE Apogee: 618 km (384 mi).

  • 1980 July 24 22:35 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Super Loki. Super Loki FLIGHT 278 /TM1- Apogee: 70 km (43 mi).

  • 1980 July 24 03:20 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Super Loki. Super Loki FLIGHT 277 /TM1- Apogee: 78 km (48 mi).

  • 1980 July 25 03:41 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Super Loki. Super Loki FLIGHT 279 /TM1- Apogee: 66 km (41 mi).

  • 1980 October 22 20:31 - SPE-1 Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Paiute Tomahawk. Paiute Tomahawk GL A10.901-1 Apogee: 88 km (54 mi).

  • 1980 October 22 20:43 - SPE-1A Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas A14.021-1 Apogee: 90 km (55 mi).

  • 1981 February 5 11:25 - FWIF IV Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Sergeant. Sergeant GL A30.072 Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

  • 1981 February 25 17:20 - HAVE SLED test mission Launch Vehicle: Sergeant Hydac. Apogee: 400 km (240 mi).

  • 1981 March 5 16:48 - HAVE SLED test mission Launch Vehicle: Sergeant Hydac. Apogee: 400 km (240 mi).

  • 1981 March 7 08:26 - AURORAL E2 Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion A13.31 Apogee: 169 km (105 mi).

  • 1981 March 7 08:38 - AURORAL E4 Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Paiute Tomahawk. Paiute Tomahawk GL A10.901-3 Apogee: 187 km (116 mi).

  • 1981 March 7 08:09 - AURORAL E3 Aeronomy/Ionosphere/Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion A13.20 Apogee: 203 km (126 mi).

  • 1981 March 7 08:09 - AURORAL E1 Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion A13.30 Apogee: 156 km (96 mi).

  • 1981 March 12 04:30 - HAVE SLED test mission Launch Vehicle: Sergeant Hydac. Apogee: 400 km (240 mi).

  • 1981 March 25 08:05 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Tomahawk. Taurus Tomahawk NASA 34.05UE Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1981 March 30 05:52 - LADY LOU Ba Aeronomy/Fields mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Orion. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

  • 1981 April 1 09:04 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Tomahawk. Taurus Tomahawk NASA 34.04UE Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1981 April 3 06:20 - KLONDIKE KATE Ba Aeronomy/Fields mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Orion. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

  • 1981 October 26 21:30 - SPE-2 Ionosphere-solar mission Launch Vehicle: Paiute Tomahawk. Paiute Tomahawk GL A10.901-2 Apogee: 96 km (59 mi).

  • 1981 November 7 12:03 - FWIF V Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Sergeant. Sergeant GL A30.175 Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

  • 1982 January 16 11:44 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Loki. Loki Dart TM1-0225 Apogee: 57 km (35 mi).

  • 1982 January 16 11:19 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Loki. Loki Dart TM1-0224 Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

  • 1982 January 17 11:40 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Loki. Loki Dart TM1-0226 Apogee: 57 km (35 mi).

  • 1982 January 18 11:27 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Loki. Loki Dart TM1-0227 Apogee: 55 km (34 mi).

  • 1982 January 20 06:45 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.213UE Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

  • 1982 January 20 01:27 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Loki. Loki Dart TM1-0228 Apogee: 62 km (38 mi).

  • 1982 January 20 00:30 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Orion. Nike Orion NASA 31.18GE Apogee: 94 km (58 mi).

  • 1982 January 20 05:30 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Loki. Loki Dart TM1-0229 Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

  • 1982 January 23 12:13 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Orion. Nike Orion NASA 31.19GE Apogee: 101 km (62 mi).

  • 1982 January 23 13:48 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Loki. Loki Dart TM1-0231 Apogee: 68 km (42 mi).

  • 1982 January 23 12:12 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Orion. Nike Orion NASA 31.25GE Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

  • 1982 January 24 12:45 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Orion. Nike Orion NASA 31.24GE Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

  • 1982 January 24 15:22 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.216UE Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

  • 1982 January 24 14:32 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Loki. Loki Dart TM1-0233 Apogee: 65 km (40 mi).

  • 1982 January 24 13:05 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Loki. Loki Dart TM1-0232 Apogee: 59 km (36 mi).

  • 1982 March 6 08:47 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Terrier Malemute. Terrier Malemute NASA 29.16CE Apogee: 434 km (269 mi).

  • 1982 March 15 06:38 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Tomahawk. Taurus Tomahawk NASA 34.08UE Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1982 March 30 10:26 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Tomahawk. Taurus Tomahawk NASA 34.07UE Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1982 April 15 07:20 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.1028GE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1982 April 16 07:32 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.1029GE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1982 April 16 06:29 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant X NASA 35.003GE Apogee: 1,500 km (900 mi).

  • 1982 April 20 06:30 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant X NASA 35.004GE Apogee: 1,195 km (742 mi).

  • 1982 August 11 00:35 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion NASA 33.29UL Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

  • 1982 November 14 07:55 - ARCS 2 Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant IX NASA 36.01UE Apogee: 473 km (293 mi).

  • 1982 November 24 13:39 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion NASA 33.24CE Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

  • 1983 January 22 13:02 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion NASA 33.23CE Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

  • 1983 February 12 07:39 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion NASA 33.31UL Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

  • 1983 March 19 06:29 - ELIAS Aeronomy/Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Talos Castor. Talos Castor GL A51.971 Apogee: 305 km (189 mi).

  • 1983 March 30 06:59 - ECHO VI Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant IX NASA 36.02UE Apogee: 191 km (118 mi).

  • 1983 April 13 09:06 - FWIF VI Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Sergeant. Sergeant GL A30.276 Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

  • 1983 June 15 02:30 - STATE 1 Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas A14.311-1 Apogee: 101 km (62 mi).

  • 1983 June 16 06:51 - STATE Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Hydac. Nike Hydac GL A11.074 Apogee: 134 km (83 mi).

  • 1983 June 16 07:07 - STATE 2 Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas A14.311-2 Apogee: 106 km (65 mi).

  • 1983 June 17 18:15 - STATE 3 Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas A14.311-3 Apogee: 98 km (60 mi).

  • 1983 December 16 16:00 - HAVE SLED II target mission? Launch Vehicle: Talos Sergeant Hydac. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1984 January 26 15:52 - HAVE SLED II target mission? Launch Vehicle: Talos Sergeant Hydac. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1984 February 2 15:36 - HAVE SLED II target mission? Launch Vehicle: Talos Sergeant Hydac. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1984 February 7 09:09 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant X NASA 35.006UE Apogee: 1,020 km (630 mi).

  • 1984 February 28 17:13 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion NASA 33.39UL Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

  • 1984 March 30 11:00 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant X NASA 35.007GE Apogee: 948 km (589 mi).

  • 1984 April 1 07:19 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant X NASA 35.008GE Apogee: 954 km (592 mi).

  • 1984 April 2 07:17 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion NASA 33.42UE Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

  • 1984 April 2 07:15 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Nike Tomahawk TNT. Taurus Nike Tomahawk NASA 38.01UE Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1984 August 16 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Super Loki. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

  • 1985 January 28 22:10 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Orion. Orion NASA 30.23UU Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

  • 1985 February 7 22:01 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Orion. Orion NASA 30.24UU Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

  • 1985 March 14 12:54 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Tomahawk. Taurus Tomahawk NASA 34.11UE Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1985 March 29 17:03 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Orion. Nike Orion NASA 31.48GE Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

  • 1985 March 29 18:29 - Test/Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Super Loki. Super Loki DATASONDE /PWN- Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

  • 1985 March 29 17:04 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.232UE Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

  • 1985 April 1 18:22 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.233UE Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

  • 1985 April 1 16:57 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Orion. Nike Orion NASA 31.47GE Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

  • 1985 April 1 17:17 - Test/Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Super Loki. Super Loki DATASONDE /PWN- Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

  • 1985 April 1 19:28 - Test/Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Super Loki. Super Loki DATASONDE /PWN- Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

  • 1985 April 2 07:21 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Orion. Orion NASA 30.25UE Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

  • 1986 April 1 08:17 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant X NASA 35.015GE Apogee: 912 km (566 mi).

  • 1986 April 3 10:36 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Terrier Malemute. Terrier Malemute NASA 29.24UE Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

  • 1986 April 8 09:42 - SPIRIT I Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Talos Castor. Talos Castor GL A51.378 Apogee: 241 km (149 mi).

  • 1986 April 13 09:14 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant X NASA 35.016GE Apogee: 977 km (607 mi).

  • 1986 July 27 17:00 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.239UU Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

  • 1986 July 29 17:58 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.242UU Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

  • 1986 July 29 11:42 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.241UU Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

  • 1986 August 2 12:20 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.243UU Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

  • 1986 August 2 16:50 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.240UU Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

  • 1987 January 31 09:32 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant IX NASA 36.04UE Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

  • 1987 March 7 06:39 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Failure. Black Brant X NASA 35.018UE Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

  • 1988 January 19 08:40 - TOPAZ II Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant X NASA 35.017UE Apogee: 900 km (550 mi).

  • 1988 February 9 08:16 - ECHO VII Plasma/Tether mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant IX NASA 36.15UE Apogee: 292 km (181 mi).

  • 1988 March 4 06:55 - UCB Alaska '88 Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant X NASA 35.023GE Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

  • 1988 October 20 20:29 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion NASA 33.49UL Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

  • 1989 March 7 22:00 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion NASA 33.57UL Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

  • 1989 July 24 08:39 - CHEER/Black Star 1 Target mission? Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant 8C SP-4 DRO-0401 Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

  • 1989 August 13 09:00 - CHEER/Black Star 2 Target mission? Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant 8C SP-4 DRO-0402 Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

  • 1990 February 1 12:07 - Auroral mission? Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant XI NASA 39.02UE Apogee: 375 km (233 mi).

  • 1990 February 23 07:31 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant 10CM1 NASA 35.20UE Apogee: 586 km (364 mi).

  • 1990 March 22 10:03 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Orion. Nike Orion NASA 31.70UE Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

  • 1990 March 22 07:38 - Auroral mission? Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant XII NASA 40.02UE Apogee: 1,400 km (800 mi).

  • 1990 May 13 21:37 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Orion. Orion NASA 30.35UE Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

  • 1990 May 13 21:29 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion NASA 33.59GE Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

  • 1990 May 14 20:26 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion NASA 33.60GE Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

  • 1991 February 12 09:11 - TOPAZ 3 Active Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant XII NASA 40.01UE Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

  • 1991 April 25 18:00 - CWAS 19 Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Orion. Nike Orion NASA 31.79UU Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

  • 1991 April 30 19:19 - CWAS 20 Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Orion. Failure. Nike Orion NASA 31.80UU Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

  • 1992 March 2 14:06 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.130CE Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

  • 1992 March 2 14:57 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.222UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1992 March 2 13:57 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.221UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1992 March 6 13:57 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.223UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1992 March 29 08:07 - Infrared Background mission Launch Vehicle: HPB. HPB SPIRIT-2 Apogee: 400 km (240 mi).

  • 1992 March 29 07:27 - CHARGE-2B Ionosphere/Tether mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant XI NASA 39.03UE Apogee: 267 km (165 mi).

  • 1992 July 24 13:01 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Viper. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

  • 1992 July 24 13:36 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.133UE Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

  • 1992 July 25 12:46 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Viper. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

  • 1993 January 27 10:43 - PHAZE Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Failure. Black Brant XII NASA 40.03UE Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

  • 1993 April 2 10:09 - UCB Alaska '93 Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant XII NASA 40.04UE Apogee: 1,425 km (885 mi).

  • 1993 May 6 15:38 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.136UE Apogee: 271 km (168 mi).

  • 1994 January 30 22:00 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.137UE Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

  • 1994 February 12 13:08 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.233UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1994 February 12 13:16 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.131CE Apogee: 242 km (150 mi).

  • 1994 February 12 13:12 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.232UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1994 March 6 08:21 - Auroral Turbulence 1 Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant XII NASA 40.05UE Apogee: 455 km (282 mi).

  • 1994 March 7 09:11 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Orion. Failure. Nike Orion NASA 31.071UE Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

  • 1994 March 11 06:50 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant IX NASA 36.114DE Apogee: 308 km (191 mi).

  • 1994 June 27 22:05 - Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion NASA 33.063UE Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

  • 1995 February 2 15:51 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.230UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1995 February 2 15:27 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.138CE Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

  • 1995 February 24 10:21 - AMICIST Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant XII NASA 40.07UE Apogee: 900 km (550 mi).

  • 1995 March 25 08:55 - Ionosphere/Release mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant 10CM1 NASA 35.031UE Apogee: 900 km (550 mi).

  • 1995 June 6 22:00 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion NASA 33.064UE Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

  • 1995 July 25 10:41 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Super Loki. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

  • 1995 July 26 09:33 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Orion. Nike Orion NASA 31.109UE Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

  • 1995 August 8 09:10 - Aeronomy mission Launch Vehicle: Super Loki. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

  • 1995 August 8 08:20 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Orion. Nike Orion NASA 31.110UE Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

  • 1995 November 7 06:38 - OEDIPUS C Ionosphere/Tether mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant XII NASA 40.09IE Apogee: 824 km (512 mi).

  • 1995 November 24 14:00 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.231UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1995 November 27 08:07 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.139CE Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

  • 1995 November 27 08:03 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.229UE Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

  • 1997 February 10 05:17 - PHAZE 2 Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant XII NASA 40.10UE Apogee: 945 km (587 mi).

  • 1997 February 11 08:36 - Auroral Turbulence 2 Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant XII NASA 40.11UE Apogee: 546 km (339 mi).

  • 1997 March 13 10:20 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant IX NASA 36.139UE Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

  • 1999 January 22 13:57 - North Star (APEX) Active Plasma mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant XII NASA 40.13DP Apogee: 364 km (226 mi).

  • 1999 January 22 15:31 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion NASA 33.068UE Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

  • 1999 January 22 15:20 - Ionosphere mission? Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant VB NASA 21.121CE Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

  • 1999 February 11 06:45 - ENSTROPHY Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant X NASA 35.032UE Apogee: 1,071 km (665 mi).

  • 2000 January 30 10:25 - Test Rocket 1 Education mission Launch Vehicle: Orion. Orion NASA 30.044UP Apogee: 79 km (49 mi).

  • 2000 February 25 07:45 - Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant XII NASA 40.08UE LC: LC3. Apogee: 1,170 km (720 mi).

  • 2000 February 26 09:19 - GEODESIC Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant XII NASA 40.15IE LC: LC4. Apogee: 990 km (610 mi).

  • 2002 January 14 08:23 - SIERRA Ionosphere/Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant XII NASA 40.14UE LC: LC4. Apogee: 735 km (456 mi).

  • 2002 February 6 09:38 - RACE Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant XII NASA 40.16UE Apogee: 922 km (572 mi).

  • 2002 February 21 10:01 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion NASA 33.073UE Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

  • 2002 February 21 09:57 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion NASA 33.069UE Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

  • 2002 February 21 09:59 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Taurus Orion. Taurus Orion NASA 33.070UE Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

  • 2002 February 21 09:55 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant VB NASA 21.128UE Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

  • 2002 March 7 09:07 - Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Improved Orion. Improved Orion NASA 30.49UE Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

  • 2002 March 15 13:42 - Aeronomy mission? Launch Vehicle: Improved Orion. Improved Orion NASA 30.51UE Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

  • 2002 March 15 13:03 - Aeronomy mission? Launch Vehicle: Improved Orion. Improved Orion NASA 30.50UE Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

  • 2002 March 15 11:15 - Aeronomy mission? Launch Vehicle: Improved Orion. Improved Orion NASA 30.52UE Apogee: 85 km (52 mi).

  • 2002 March 18 21:07 - SRP-4 Education/Ionosphere mission Launch Vehicle: Improved Orion. Improved Orion NASA 30.47UO Apogee: 89 km (55 mi).

  • 2003 January 28 07:50 - HIBAR Auroral mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant IX NASA 36.200UE Apogee: 350 km (210 mi).

  • 2003 March 25 09:50 - HEX H Auroral/release mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant 10CM1 NASA 35.034UE Apogee: 160 km (90 mi).

  • 2003 March 25 10:09 - HEX V Auroral/release mission Launch Vehicle: Terrier Orion. Terrier Improved Orion NASA 41.034UE LC: LC3. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi).

  • 2003 March 27 12:12 - JOULE Auroral/release mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant VC NASA 21.131UE Apogee: 110 km (60 mi).

  • 2003 March 27 12:09 - JOULE Auroral/release mission Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant IX NASA 36.206UE Apogee: 110 km (60 mi).

  • 2003 March 27 12:13 - JOULE Auroral/release mission Launch Vehicle: Terrier Orion. Terrier Improved Orion NASA 41.029UE Apogee: 180 km (110 mi).

  • 2003 March 27 12:10 - JOULE Auroral/release mission Launch Vehicle: Terrier Orion. Failure. Terrier Improved Orion NASA 41.028UE Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

  • 2005 March 6 10:37 - CASCADES auroral research experiment Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant sustainer stage did not ignite.. Black Brant XII NASA 40.17UE Apogee: 29 km (18 mi). Planned apogee 800 km.

  • 2007 January 19 12:29 - NASA 21.138UE Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant VC Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). Auroral

  • 2007 January 19 12:44 - NASA 41.064UE Launch Vehicle: Terrier Orion. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). Auroral

  • 2007 January 19 12:30 - NASA 36.234UE Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant IX Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). Auroral

  • 2007 January 19 12:45 - NASA 41.064UE Launch Vehicle: Terrier Orion. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). Auroral

  • 2007 February 12 12:45 - NASA 40.020UE Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant XII Apogee: 748 km (464 mi). Auroral

  • 2007 February 14 09:36 - NASA 41.063 Launch Vehicle: Terrier Orion. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). Auroral/Atmosphere

  • 2007 February 14 09:38 - NASA 41.062 Launch Vehicle: Terrier Orion. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). Auroral/Atmosphere

  • 2007 February 14 09:27 - NASA 35.037 Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant X Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). Auroral/Atmosphere

  • 2007 February 14 09:22 - NASA 41.061 Launch Vehicle: Terrier Orion. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). Auroral/Atmosphere

  • 2007 February 28 08:39 - NASA 40.019UE Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant XII Apogee: 900 km (550 mi). Auroral

Bibliography and Further Reading
  • McDowell, Jonathan, Jonathan's Space Home Page, Harvard University, 1997-present. Jonathan McDowell's complete on-line listing of all objects orbited and over 20,000 rocket launches Accessed at: http://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html.
  • Official Site of the Topic, Information obtained from the manufacturer or operator's official web site.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contact us with any corrections, additions, or comments.
Conditions for use of drawings, pictures, or other materials from this site..
To contact astronauts or cosmonauts.

© Mark Wade, 1997 - 2007 except where otherwise noted.
  
Encyclopedia Astronautica
 topic index
0 - A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - Ra - Re - Sa - Sf - Sp - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z