1977 June 24 - 10:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Tsiklon-3 No. 2L Cosmos 921 Mass: 5,000 kg (11,000 lb). Spacecraft: Tselina-D. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 587 km (364 mi). Apogee: 651 km (404 mi). Inclination: 75.80 deg. Period: 97.10 min. Launch vehicle test. Dummy payload. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

1977 September 24 - 10:15 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. FAILURE: Probable failure of launch vehicle stage to reach proper orbit. Cosmos 956 Mass: 5,000 kg (11,000 lb). Spacecraft: Tselina-D. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 355 km (220 mi). Apogee: 864 km (536 mi). Inclination: 75.80 deg. Period: 96.80 min. Launch vehicle test. Dummy payload. Probable failure of launch vehicle stage to reach proper orbit. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

1977 December 27 - 08:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. FAILURE: Probable failure of launch vehicle stage to reach proper orbit. Cosmos 972 Mass: 5,000 kg (11,000 lb). Spacecraft: Tselina-D. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 712 km (442 mi). Apogee: 1,157 km (718 mi). Inclination: 75.80 deg. Period: 103.70 min. Launch vehicle test. Dummy payload. Probable failure of launch vehicle stage to reach proper orbit. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

1978 June 28 - 17:35 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Cosmos 1025 Mass: 4,375 kg (9,645 lb). Spacecraft: Tselina-D. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 551 km (342 mi). Apogee: 567 km (352 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 95.80 min.

1978 October 26 - 07:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Cosmos 1045 Mass: 2,670 kg (5,880 lb). Spacecraft: Meteor-2. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,686 km (1,047 mi). Apogee: 1,705 km (1,059 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 120.30 min. Probable oceanographic. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

1979 February 12 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Cosmos 1076 Mass: 1,950 kg (4,290 lb). Spacecraft: Okean-E. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 514 km (319 mi). Apogee: 530 km (320 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 95.10 min. Test mission of Okean satellite without the radar. Development of methods for obtaining operational information on the Pacific Ocean.

1983 November 24 - 12:33 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Cosmos 1510 Mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Spacecraft: Geo-IK. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,480 km (910 mi). Apogee: 1,524 km (946 mi). Inclination: 73.60 deg. Period: 116.00 min. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

1984 August 8 - 12:08 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Cosmos 1589 Mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Spacecraft: Geo-IK. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,492 km (927 mi). Apogee: 1,504 km (934 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 115.90 min. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

1984 September 28 - 06:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Cosmos 1602 Mass: 1,950 kg (4,290 lb). Spacecraft: Okean-OE. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 597 km (370 mi). Apogee: 628 km (390 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 97.00 min. Gathering of operational information and continued trials of new kinds of information and measurement apparatus and methods of remote investigation of the seas and oceans and the earth's surface in the interests of science and of various branches of the n ational economy of the USSR.

1986 February 11 - 06:56 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Cosmos 1732 Mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Spacecraft: Geo-IK. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,480 km (910 mi). Apogee: 1,525 km (947 mi). Inclination: 73.60 deg. Period: 116.00 min. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

1986 July 28 - 21:08 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Cosmos 1766 Mass: 1,950 kg (4,290 lb). Spacecraft: Okean-O1. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 601 km (373 mi). Apogee: 631 km (392 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 97.00 min. Oceanographic. Acquisition of operational oceanographic information in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation; continued trials of new types of informational and measurement apparatus and methods of remote sen sing of the earth's surface and atmosphere.

1987 February 20 - 04:43 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Cosmos 1823 Mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Spacecraft: Geo-IK. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,479 km (919 mi). Apogee: 1,524 km (946 mi). Inclination: 73.60 deg. Period: 116.00 min. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

1987 July 16 - 04:25 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Cosmos 1869 Mass: 1,950 kg (4,290 lb). Spacecraft: Okean-O1. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 602 km (374 mi). Apogee: 632 km (392 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 97.10 min. Oceanographic. Acquisition of operational oceanographic information in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1989 June 9 - 10:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. FAILURE: Stage 3 failure - third stage engine did not ignite for second burn. Okean Mass: 1,950 kg (4,290 lb). Spacecraft: Okean-O1. Agency: UNKS.

1989 August 28 - 00:14 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Cosmos 2037 Mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Spacecraft: Geo-IK. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,485 km (922 mi). Apogee: 1,524 km (946 mi). Inclination: 73.60 deg. Period: 116.10 min. Investigation of outer space.

1989 September 28 - 00:04 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Intercosmos 24 Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Spacecraft: AUOS. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 499 km (310 mi). Apogee: 2,414 km (1,499 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 115.00 min. US participation; particles and fields experiments; deployed Magion 2. Comprehensive study of the processes of propagation of low-frequency electromagnetic waves in the earth's magnetosphere and their interaction with charged particles of the radiation belts, in cooperation with Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German Democrati c Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania (the international scientific project entitled 'Aktivny'). Carrying the Czechoslovak Magion-2 satellite.

1989 December 27 - 00:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Cosmos 2053 Mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Spacecraft: Taifun-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 405 km (251 mi). Apogee: 410 km (250 mi). Inclination: 73.50 deg. Period: 92.70 min. Believed to be a modernised version of the Taifun-1 satellite, built by NPO Yuzhnoe. The satellite carried 36 small Calibration Spherical Object subsatellites to test Russian radars. These were released between December 27, 1989 and November 1, 1991. While Cosmos 2053 re-entered in 1997, by May 1999 the S5M upper stage was still in a 471 km x 485 km x 73.5 deg orbit. An on-board explosion blew it into 25 new objects.

1990 February 28 - 00:55 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Okean 2 Mass: 1,950 kg (4,290 lb). Spacecraft: Okean-O1. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 617 km (383 mi). Apogee: 646 km (401 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 97.40 min. Oceanographic remote sensing. Gathering of up-to-date oceanographic information and data on ice conditions in the interests of the Soviet economy and international cooperation.

1991 June 4 - 08:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Okean 3 Mass: 1,950 kg (4,290 lb). Spacecraft: Okean-O1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 621 km (385 mi). Apogee: 656 km (407 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 97.50 min. Oceanography. Gathering of up-to-date oceanographic information and data on ice conditions in the interests of the Soviet economy and international cooperation. Okean 3 ceased working in January of 1994.

1991 December 18 - 03:54 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Intercosmos 25 Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Spacecraft: AUOS. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 436 km (270 mi). Apogee: 2,969 km (1,844 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 120.50 min. Solar activity monitoring; hosted experiments from Germany, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary. Comprehensive study of the effects of artificial impact of modulated electron flows and plasma beams on the ionosphere and magnetosphere of the Earth (forming part of the Apex international scientific project, conducted jointly with Bulgaria, Czechoslovak ia, Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania.) Launched with the Czechoslovak satellite Magion-3, separated from the space object Intercosmos-25 on 28 Dec 1991, in accordance with the scientific programme of the Apex project.

1992 December 22 - 12:36 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Cosmos 2226 Mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Spacecraft: Geo-IK. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 1,479 km (919 mi). Apogee: 1,525 km (947 mi). Inclination: 73.60 deg. Period: 116.00 min. Investigation of outer space.

1994 May 25 - 10:15 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. FAILURE: Stage 2 and 3 failed to separate due to a breakdown of the launch vehicle control system. Tselina-D Spacecraft: Tselina-D. Agency: VKS. Destroyed by launch safety.

1994 October 11 - 14:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Okean-O1 no. 7 Mass: 1,950 kg (4,290 lb). Spacecraft: Okean-O1. Agency: RKA. Perigee: 631 km (392 mi). Apogee: 665 km (413 mi). Inclination: 82.54 deg. Period: 97.70 min. Oceanography.

1994 November 29 - 02:54 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Geo-IK Mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Spacecraft: Geo-IK. Agency: RKA. Perigee: 1,481 km (920 mi). Apogee: 1,526 km (948 mi). Inclination: 73.60 deg. Period: 116.10 min. Also tested Elekon communcations payload.

1994 December 26 - 22:26 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Cosmos 2299 Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 1,402 km (871 mi). Apogee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Inclination: 82.57 deg. Period: 113.97 min. Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

2001 July 31 - 08:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Koronas-F Mass: 2,260 kg (4,980 lb). Spacecraft: AUOS. Agency: RAKA. Perigee: 486 km (301 mi). Apogee: 529 km (328 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Launch delayed from July 25. Koronas-F was a Russian solar observatory that pointed toward Sun within 10 arc-minutes to conduct a variety of observations. In broad categories, it carried X-ray monitors to locate sources within 1 arc-sec, radio receivers to measure flux and polarization, and particle counters. Additional Details: Koronas-F(26844).