| Kiruna |
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The sounding rocket launch site at Kiruna was officially opened in September 1966 under the auspices of ESRO (European Space Research Organisation). When ESA was created in 1972 and replaced ESRO, Kiruna came under the management of the Swedish Space Corporation, a state-owned limited liability company under the Swedish Ministry of Industry. The 'Esrange' is located 45 km from the town of Kiruna and has seven permanent pads able to launch the largest sounding rockets, including the Black Brant 9, Skylark 12, and Castor 4B-boosted vehicles. The geographical location of the site, close to the pole, means that satellites flying in polar orbits can be monitored and contacted more frequently than from more southerly locations. Over the years, equipment for satellite operations has been put in the area: first for remote sensing satellites, then for scientific satellites and finally for telecommunication satellites. The addition of these facilities has made the Kiruna area into a major space centre in Europe. The Esrange facility includes a complete satellite station for TT&C (Telemetry, Tracking and Command) and reception of data from various satellites, a control station for telecommunications satellites, and facilities for launching sounding rockets and stratospheric balloons. Launching of rockets and balloons is carried out under the EASP agreement, which is a special project within the European Space Agency (ESA). Esrange's well-equipped launching facility is able to deal with most types of rockets, including large rockets such as Skylark 12, Terrier Black Brant and Castor 4B. More than 450 rockets have been launched from Esrange since its inauguration in 1966. As the impact area of 120x75 km is on land, payloads are speedily recovered by helicopter and it is extremely uncommon that a payload is lost. Most experiments carried are in the fields of microgravity, upper atmosphere chemistry and space physics. Esrange is also used to launch stratospheric balloons. Balloons with a volume of up to 2 million m3 can be handled, allowing a payload of 2 metric tons to be carried to an altitude of 45 km. A vast area, comprising the whole of northern Scandinavia and European Russia, is available for impact. Payload recovery is a standard procedure carried out by helicopter. Balloons at Esrange are mainly used for upper atmospheric research, such as studies of the depletion of the ozone layer. Balloons are also used for validation of satellite payloads, astronomical experiments and testing of technical systems to be carried on board space probes for planetary missions. Esrange offers services and ground systems to scientists, space organizations and the space industry to support scientific satellite operations. Radio communication can be established at almost every pass for satellites in polar circular orbits and for extended periods of time for satellites in elliptical orbits. This communication includes data reception and also telecommand transmission by means of flexible, high performance ground systems that can easily be adapted for special requirements. At Telecom Esrange there is a fully equipped Satellite Control Station from which the SIRIUS telecommunication satellite system is controlled. Kiruna was known to have been used for 504 launches from 1965 to 2006, reaching up to 717 kilometers altitude. Launch Pads
General / Launch Complex Unknown Chronology 1965 February 1 - Launch Vehicle: Apache. FAILURE: Failure. Dubious Aurora mission Agency: NTNF. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). 1965 February 15 - Launch Vehicle: Apache. FAILURE: Failure. Dubious Aurora mission Agency: NTNF. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). 1967 April 7 - 19:57 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.328IE DLR K-NA-1 Aurora / barium release mission Agency: NASA/DLR. Apogee: 231 km (143 mi). 1967 April 8 - 20:03 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.329IE DLR K-NA-2 Aurora / barium release mission Agency: NASA/DLR. Apogee: 237 km (147 mi). 1967 April 9 - 01:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.330IE DLR K-NA-3 Aurora / barium release mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 242 km (150 mi). 1967 April 10 - 20:14 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.331IE DLR K-NA-4 Aurora / barium release mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). 1967 April 11 - 20:21 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.332IE DLR K-NA-5 Auroral mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 236 km (146 mi). 1967 August 5 - 21:04 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. MPE Barium release EXP-32 Aeronomy mission Agency: FRG. Apogee: 258 km (160 mi). 1967 October 23 - 16:04 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache K-NA-7 DLR K-NA-7 Aeronomy / ionosphere / Fields mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 235 km (146 mi). 1967 December 5 - 20:34 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.288IE DLR K-NA-6 Aeronomy / plasma mission Agency: NASA/DLR. Apogee: 206 km (128 mi). 1968 March 20 - 18:23 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache K-NA-8 MPE Barium release EXP-34 Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 216 km (134 mi). 1968 March 23 - 18:35 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache K-NA-9 DLR K-NA-9 Aeronomy / ionosphere / Fields mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). 1968 April 6 - 01:15 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache K-NA-10 DLR K-NA-10 Aurora mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). 1968 June 11 - 17:21 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.355IA DLR K-NA-13 Meteorites mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 183 km (113 mi). 1968 June 12 - 22:59 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.354IA DLR K-NA-12 Meteorites mission Agency: NASA/DLR. Apogee: 183 km (113 mi). 1968 August 12 - 12:04 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Boosted Arcas 2 AE007 ESRO A50 / 1 Ionosphere mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 96 km (59 mi). 1968 August 25 - 16:40 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Boosted Arcas 2 AE008 ESRO A50 / 2 Ionosphere mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 109 km (67 mi). 1968 October 24 - 20:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Boosted Arcas 2 NASA 15.43II RTG SA1 / 1-K68 Ionosphere / aurora mission Agency: NASA/RTG. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). 1968 November 19 - 01:38 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III K-BB/III-14 DLR K-BB3-14 Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 167 km (103 mi). 1968 November 19 - 01:39 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II BB-2 Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 167 km (103 mi). 1968 December 3 - 21:58 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III K-BB/III-16 DLR K-BB3-16 Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi). 1968 December 4 - 22:26 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III K-BB/III-15 DLR K-BB3-15 Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi). 1969 January 17 - 18:34 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Nike Cajun NASA 10.313IM RTG SNC 2A / 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/RTG. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). 1969 January 19 - 19:05 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Nike Cajun NASA 10.314IM RTG SNC 2B / 2 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/RTG. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi). 1969 January 23 - 23:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Nike Cajun NASA 10.315IM RTG SNC 2A / 3 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/RTG. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi). 1969 January 25 - 21:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Nike Cajun NASA 10.316IM RTG SNC 2A / 4 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/RTG. Apogee: 118 km (73 mi). 1969 February 3 - 21:05 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P24K Electrons Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 157 km (97 mi). 1969 February 11 - 21:09 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P23K Electrons Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 157 km (97 mi). 1969 February 14 - 22:15 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P27K Small scale structure Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 149 km (92 mi). 1969 February 15 - 21:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P28K Small scale structure Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 153 km (95 mi). 1969 March 15 - 17:55 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache K-NA-11 DLR K-NA-11 Aeronomy / ionosphere / Fields mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 226 km (140 mi). 1969 March 16 - 18:05 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache K-NA-17 DLR K-NA-17 Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 233 km (144 mi). 1969 March 17 - 00:04 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P29K Particles Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 151 km (93 mi). 1969 March 17 - 18:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache K-NA-18 DLR K-NA-18 Aeronomy / ionosphere / Fields mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 231 km (143 mi). 1969 March 17 - 18:23 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P25K E field gradient Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 148 km (91 mi). 1969 March 18 - 18:16 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P11K E-region E field Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi). 1969 March 29 - 20:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P26K Small scale structure Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). 1970 January 5 - 14:23 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua UCL 01 Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 77 km (47 mi). 1970 January 7 - 14:25 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua UCL 02 Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi). 1970 January 9 - 14:43 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua UCL 03 Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 74 km (45 mi). 1970 January 12 - 14:39 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua UCL 04 Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 68 km (42 mi). 1970 January 14 - 04:05 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua UCL 05 Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 78 km (48 mi). 1970 January 17 - 14:46 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua UCL 06 Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 72 km (44 mi). 1970 January 19 - 15:01 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua UCL 07 Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 70 km (43 mi). 1970 January 21 - 15:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua UCL 08 Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 71 km (44 mi). 1970 January 23 - 15:06 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua UCL 09 Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 71 km (44 mi). 1970 January 26 - 15:18 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua UCL 10 Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 73 km (45 mi). 1970 January 28 - 15:18 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua UCL 11 Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi). 1970 January 30 - 15:27 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua UCL 12 Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 78 km (48 mi). 1970 March 19 - 02:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. Skua 2 RTG SSK3/1 (K70/01) Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: RTG. Apogee: 108 km (67 mi). 1970 March 19 - 03:23 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. Skua 2 RTG SSK3/2 (K70/02) Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: RTG. Apogee: 108 km (67 mi). 1970 March 19 - 03:56 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. Skua 2 RTG SSK3/3 (K70/03?) Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: RTG. Apogee: 101 km (62 mi). 1970 March 19 - 04:28 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. Skua 2 RTG SSK3/4 (K70/04?) Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: RTG. Apogee: 105 km (65 mi). 1970 March 19 - 05:18 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. Skua 2 RTG SSK3/5 (K70/05?) Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: RTG. Apogee: 105 km (65 mi). 1970 August 8 - 00:12 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.454UA RTG SNA 5 / 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 99 km (61 mi). 1970 August 8 - 00:48 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.462DA RTG SNA 6 / 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 125 km (77 mi). 1970 August 8 - 01:32 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.455UA RTG SNA 5 / 2 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 95 km (59 mi). 1970 August 8 - 02:54 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.463DA RTG SNA 6 / 2 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 137 km (85 mi). 1970 August 9 - 23:40 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. RTG SP4 Ionosphere mission Agency: RTG. Apogee: 147 km (91 mi). 1971 January 8 - 15:02 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua Sk83/1 ESRO Sk83 / 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 67 km (41 mi). 1971 January 15 - 15:25 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua Sk83/2 ESRO Sk83 / 2 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 69 km (42 mi). 1971 January 17 - 16:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua Sk83/3 ESRO Sk83 / 3 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 35 km (21 mi). 1971 January 19 - 15:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua Sk83/4 ESRO Sk83 / 4 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 71 km (44 mi). 1971 January 21 - 15:07 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua Sk83/5 ESRO Sk83 / 5 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 69 km (42 mi). 1971 January 23 - 15:53 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua Sk83/6 ESRO Sk83 / 6 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 67 km (41 mi). 1971 January 25 - 15:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua Sk83/7 ESRO Sk83 / 7 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 68 km (42 mi). 1971 January 26 - 13:22 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel ESRO P40/1 ESRO P40 / 1 Ionosphere mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 145 km (90 mi). 1971 January 27 - 15:25 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua Sk83/8 ESRO Sk83 / 8 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 47 km (29 mi). 1971 January 29 - 17:21 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua Sk83/9 ESRO Sk83 / 9 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 71 km (44 mi). 1971 January 31 - 16:45 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua Sk83/10 ESRO Sk83 / 10 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 70 km (43 mi). 1971 February 3 - 18:12 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua Sk83/11 ESRO Sk83 / 11 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 68 km (42 mi). 1971 February 8 - 20:48 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua Sk83/12 ESRO Sk83 / 12 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 48 km (29 mi). 1971 February 9 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua Sk83/13 ESRO Sk83 / 13 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 67 km (41 mi). 1971 February 11 - 17:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua Sk83/14 ESRO Sk83 / 14 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 65 km (40 mi). 1971 February 12 - 17:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. LV Model: Skua 1 . Skua Sk83/15 ESRO Sk83 / 15 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 67 km (41 mi). 1971 March 12 - 21:49 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P69K Auroral electrons Aurora mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 153 km (95 mi). 1971 March 12 - 22:42 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P92K Auroral electrons Aurora mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi). 1971 April 5 - 23:53 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P68K Small-scale structure Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 134 km (83 mi). 1971 April 14 - 22:27 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P61K Particles Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 154 km (95 mi). 1971 April 15 - 00:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P66K Winds / E field Aurora mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 131 km (81 mi). 1971 April 16 - 05:25 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P62K VLF waves Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 138 km (85 mi). 1971 April 21 - 18:59 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P64K E field Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 143 km (88 mi). 1971 April 21 - 21:42 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P67K Winds / E field Aurora mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 128 km (79 mi). 1971 April 21 - 23:03 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P63K E field Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi). 1971 April 24 - 23:35 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P54K E field Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 162 km (100 mi). 1971 May 1 - 23:36 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P65K E field Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 146 km (90 mi). 1971 July 31 - 00:44 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.468UA SSC NNA1 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi). 1971 July 31 - 23:34 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.469UA SSC NNA2 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 106 km (65 mi). 1972 February 7 - 23:33 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.131IA RTG SNT 7 / 1 (S7-1) Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/RTG. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi). 1972 October 8 - 16:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.499UA SSC NNA 3 Meteorites mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 109 km (67 mi). 1972 October 9 - 15:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.501UA SSC NNA 4 Meteorites mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 109 km (67 mi). 1972 October 12 - 15:33 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.502UA SSC NNA 5 Meteorites mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 109 km (67 mi). 1973 February 9 - 00:54 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.132IA SSC S7-2 (SNT 7 / 2) Aurora mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 182 km (113 mi). 1973 August 1 - 22:17 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.515UA SSC NNA 6 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 109 km (67 mi). 1973 August 1 - 22:48 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.516UA SSC NNA 7 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 111 km (68 mi). 1973 August 2 - 05:35 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Nike Cajun NASA 10.414GM SSC NNC 10 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 88 km (54 mi). 1973 August 5 - 23:42 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.507GI SSC NNA 9 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 123 km (76 mi). 1973 August 6 - 00:08 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache NASA 14.517UA SSC NNA 8 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 103 km (64 mi). 1974 February 20 - 18:07 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.134IE SSC S10 / 2 (Substorm) Aurora mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 235 km (146 mi). 1974 February 20 - 19:07 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.133IE SSC S10 / 1 (Substorm) Aurora mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 235 km (146 mi). 1974 August 18 - 08:59 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Ferdinand 36 Ionosphere mission Agency: NDRE. Apogee: 106 km (65 mi). 1975 March 5 - 16:36 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache SSC S16/2 SSC S16 / 2 Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 102 km (63 mi). 1975 March 13 - 17:02 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache SSC S16/1 SSC S16 / 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 106 km (65 mi). 1975 November 21 - 16:37 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache SSC S01 (T1) SSC Range test Agency: SSC. Apogee: 131 km (81 mi). 1976 January 22 - 18:58 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Nike Tomahawk SSC S17-1 (EF8) SSC S17 / 1 M / Dtr Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 208 km (129 mi). 1976 February 21 - 19:42 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache SSC S18-2 SSC S18 / 2 D-Layer Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 105 km (65 mi). 1976 March 2 - 23:49 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache SSC S21-1 SSC S21 / 1 TRIGGER Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 160 km (90 mi). 1976 March 6 - 21:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Nike Tomahawk SSC S17-2 SSC S17 / 2 M / Dtr Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi). 1977 January 15 - 00:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache SSC S18-1 SSC S18 / 1 D Layer Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). 1977 February 11 - 20:49 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.213IE SSC S21 / 2 TRIGGER Aurora mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 220 km (130 mi). 1977 February 11 - 20:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.154UE SSC AR-1 TRIGGER Auroral mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi). 1977 February 15 - 18:48 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache SSC S21/3 SSC S21 / 3 TRIGGER Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi). 1977 February 15 - 18:48 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.155UE SSC AR-2 TRIGGER Auroral mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). 1977 March 14 - 17:38 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache DFVLR Firefly DLR K-NA-83 Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). 1977 October 21 - 08:49 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant 8C SSC S19B S19 Guidance test Agency: SSC. Apogee: 374 km (232 mi). 1978 April 13 - 19:22 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion NASA 31.06UE SSC S27 TWILIGHT Test / aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 153 km (95 mi). 1978 July 30 - 22:41 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P205K Atomic oxygen Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 149 km (92 mi). 1978 July 30 - 23:12 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel MPI1 Aeronomy mission Agency: MPI. Apogee: 127 km (78 mi). 1978 July 30 - 23:13 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. SSC S32 NLC-OBS Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 131 km (81 mi). 1978 August 13 - 00:26 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel MPI2 Aeronomy mission Agency: MPI. Apogee: 129 km (80 mi). 1978 August 13 - 00:58 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P206K Atomic oxygen Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). 1978 September 13 - 19:36 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Orion DLR K-O-91 K-OR-91 Range test Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 62 km (38 mi). 1979 January 25 - 21:07 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. Petrel 2 P216K Auroral pulsations Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 179 km (111 mi). 1979 January 27 - 17:12 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC SSC S23-L1 Substorm-GEOS Auroral mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 267 km (165 mi). 1979 January 27 - 20:04 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. Petrel 2 P215K Auroral pulsations Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi). 1979 January 27 - 21:01 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant 8C S23-H Substorm-GEOS Auroral mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 414 km (257 mi). 1979 January 27 - 21:52 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC SSC S23-L2 Substorm-GEOS Auroral mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 266 km (165 mi). 1979 August 14 - 18:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion SSC T3 Test Dummy Orion test Agency: SSC. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). 1979 August 21 - 01:14 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion NASA 31.16UE SSC S27 / 2 Twilight B Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 149 km (92 mi). 1979 September 24 - 20:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.39UE SSC S29 Barium-GEOS Aurora / chemical release mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 397 km (246 mi). 1980 July 26 - 23:38 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. Petrel 2 P223K VLF propagation Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 168 km (104 mi). 1980 November 7 - 22:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-C E9B Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). 1980 November 7 - 22:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-C E9A Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). 1980 November 10 - 00:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-C E9B Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). 1980 November 10 - 01:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-C E9A Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). 1980 November 10 - 02:18 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-C E9A Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). 1980 November 10 - 22:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-C E9B Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). 1980 November 10 - 23:46 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-C E9A Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). 1980 November 11 - 00:12 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. Petrel 2 P221K EBC-C E5 Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi). 1980 November 11 - 00:27 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion DLR K-NO-105 EBC-C E6C Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 198 km (123 mi). 1980 November 11 - 01:01 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-C E9A Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). 1980 November 11 - 01:21 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. EBC-C E7 Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 97 km (60 mi). 1980 November 11 - 01:55 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-C E9A Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). 1980 November 11 - 02:26 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-C E9B Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). 1980 November 12 - 00:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-C E9B Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). 1980 November 12 - 01:07 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-C E9A Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). 1980 November 15 - 22:35 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-B E9B Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). 1980 November 16 - 03:14 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. Petrel 2 P220K EBC-B E5 Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 174 km (108 mi). 1980 November 16 - 03:49 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Honest John. Taurus Orion NASA 33.10UE EBC-B E11a Auroral mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi). 1980 November 16 - 04:15 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Honest John. Taurus Orion NASA 33.11UE EBC-B E11b Auroral mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 181 km (112 mi). 1980 November 16 - 04:47 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion DLR K-NO-106 EBC-B E6A1 S10.12-1 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi). 1980 November 16 - 05:12 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-B E9A Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). 1980 November 16 - 05:37 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. EBC-B E7 Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 96 km (59 mi). 1980 November 16 - 06:33 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-B E9B Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). 1980 November 16 - 07:22 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-B E9A Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). 1980 November 16 - 07:51 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-B E9A Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). 1980 November 16 - 08:23 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-B E9B Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). 1980 November 27 - 22:45 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-A E9B Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). 1980 November 28 - 00:47 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-A E9A Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). 1980 November 28 - 03:29 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-A E9A Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). 1980 November 28 - 04:19 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-A E9B Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). 1980 November 30 - 23:44 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Honest John. Taurus Orion NASA 33.09UE EBC-A2 E11a Auroral mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 171 km (106 mi). 1980 November 30 - 23:45 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. Petrel 2 P222K EBC-A2 E5 Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 169 km (105 mi). 1980 December 1 - 00:09 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion DLR K-NO-107 EBC-A2 E6A2 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 161 km (100 mi). 1980 December 1 - 00:24 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-A2 E9A Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). 1980 December 1 - 01:23 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion DLR K-NO-108 EBC-A2 E6B Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 172 km (106 mi). 1980 December 1 - 01:39 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-A2 E9A Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). 1980 December 1 - 02:09 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. EBC-A2 E7 Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 92 km (57 mi). 1980 December 1 - 02:33 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-A2 E9B Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). 1980 December 1 - 03:24 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. EBC-A2 E9B Aeronomy mission Agency: NTNF?. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). 1981 February 7 - 20:13 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. Petrel 2 P219K Atomic oxygen Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 171 km (106 mi). 1981 February 7 - 20:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion SSC S35 OXYGEN Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 145 km (90 mi). 1981 September 30 - 23:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant 8C SSC S33 PIRAT Aurora mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 270 km (160 mi). 1981 November 14 - 09:15 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Orion DLR K-O-111 DFVLR Strafam 1 / 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi). 1981 December 1 - 15:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P224K Lithium / sodium release Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 187 km (116 mi). 1981 December 9 - 17:17 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. Petrel 2 P225K Lithium / sodium release Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 188 km (116 mi). 1981 December 9 - 22:01 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. Skua 4 E8 EBC81 E8 Aeronomy mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 70 km (43 mi). 1981 December 9 - 22:55 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Skua. Skua 2 E7 EBC81 E7 Aeronomy mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 94 km (58 mi). 1981 December 16 - 14:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P226K LITHIUM Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 187 km (116 mi). 1982 August 3 - 23:02 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion SSC S37 CAMP-N Cold Arctic Mesopause Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 119 km (73 mi). 1982 August 3 - 23:19 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion DLR K-NO-115 Strafam 1 / 2 Technology / aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi). 1982 August 3 - 23:32 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion SSC S37 CAMP-P CAMP-P Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 119 km (73 mi). 1982 August 3 - 23:48 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion SSC S37 SOAP/1 CAMP / SOAP-1 Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 134 km (83 mi). 1982 August 4 - 00:03 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P235K CAMP Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). 1982 August 4 - 00:16 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. CAMP TAD Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 153 km (95 mi). 1982 August 4 - 00:31 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki SuLo 11/1 CAMP Datasonde Aeronomy mission Agency: AFGL. Apogee: 84 km (52 mi). 1982 August 11 - 23:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Model: Petrel 1 . Petrel P214K CAMP Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 129 km (80 mi). 1982 August 12 - 00:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion SSC S37 SOAP/2 CAMP / SOAP-2 Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi). 1982 August 12 - 00:44 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki SuLo 11/2 CAMP Datasonde Aeronomy mission Agency: AFGL. Apogee: 84 km (52 mi). 1983 January 19 - 23:12 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX SSC S36 AURELD-HIGH Auroral mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 494 km (306 mi). 1983 April 27 - 05:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Orion DLR K-O-117 DFVLR Strafam 1 / 3 Aeronomy mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 58 km (36 mi). 1983 September 19 - 05:59 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Otrag. OTRAG DLR K-OL-120 FAILURE: Failure. Otrag Flight 18 Agency: OTRAG/DLR. Apogee: 4.00 km (2.40 mi). 1-3-B 4x9m Test mission 1984 January 31 - 19:12 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion SSC S39/1 SSC SOAP / WINE Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 149 km (92 mi). 1984 January 31 - 21:05 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Orion DLR K-O-129 DROPMAS DFVLR Strafam 1 / 4 Aeronomy mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 57 km (35 mi). 1984 February 10 - 03:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion SSC S39/2 SSC SOAP / WINE Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 148 km (91 mi). 1984 October 24 - 16:58 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC SSC S38 TOR Aurora / fields / chemical release mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 216 km (134 mi). 1985 May 14 - 04:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Orion DLR K-O-140 DFVLR Strafam 1 / 5 Aurora mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 56 km (34 mi). 1986 July 26 - 22:14 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki PWN-12A Robin Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi). 1986 July 26 - 22:34 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion NASA 31.57GE MAED Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 101 km (62 mi). 1986 July 26 - 23:03 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion NASA 31.60UE MAED Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 99 km (61 mi). 1986 July 26 - 23:28 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki PWN-12A Robin Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi). 1986 July 26 - 23:44 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion NASA 31.61UE MAED Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). 1986 July 27 - 00:06 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki PWN-12A Robin Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi). 1986 July 27 - 00:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki PWN-12A Robin Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 118 km (73 mi). 1986 July 27 - 22:14 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki PWN-12A Robin Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). 1986 July 27 - 23:16 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki PWN-12A Robin Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). 1986 November 4 - 20:44 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Honest John. Taurus Orion SSC S41H Aureld-VIP-HIGH Auroral mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 206 km (128 mi). 1986 December 12 - 21:21 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Honest John. Taurus Orion SSC S41L Aureld-VIP-LOW Auroral mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 185 km (114 mi). 1987 February 17 - 10:43 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Orion DLR K-O-143 Strafam 2 / 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 59 km (36 mi). 1987 March 19 - 10:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. LV Model: Black Brant 9B . Black Brant IXB MASER 1 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 295 km (183 mi). 1987 May 6 - 05:08 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Orion DLR K-O-145 RASMUS Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 61 km (37 mi). 1988 February 29 - 08:34 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX MASER 2 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 318 km (197 mi). 1988 April 9 - 00:40 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.97GE ERRRIS I Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 128 km (79 mi). 1988 May 2 - 04:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant 8B DLR K-NBB5-155 TEXUS 17 Microgravity mission Agency: MBB. Apogee: 285 km (177 mi). 1988 May 6 - 04:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant 8B DLR K-NBB5-156 TEXUS 18 Microgravity mission Agency: MBB. Apogee: 265 km (164 mi). 1988 December 6 - 10:02 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Orion DLR K-O-163 RASMUS 2 Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 65 km (40 mi). 1989 January 30 - 08:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Orion DLR K-O-166 Strafam 2 / 2 Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 66 km (41 mi). 1989 March 3 - 18:17 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.100GE ERRRIS II Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 124 km (77 mi). 1989 March 4 - 01:02 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.96GE ERRRIS II Aurora mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 175 km (108 mi). 1990 January 25 - 08:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Orion DLR K-O-172 Strafam 2 / 3 Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 65 km (40 mi). 1990 February 20 - 09:41 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion SSC ANODE DYANA Nitric oxide Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 138 km (85 mi). 1990 February 25 - 23:21 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion SSC ATOMIC 1 DYANA Atomic oxygen Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 133 km (82 mi). 1990 February 28 - 00:52 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion SSC ATOMIC 2 DYANA Atomic oxygen Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 139 km (86 mi). 1990 March 6 - 03:26 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SISSI So1 Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). 1990 March 6 - 09:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Improved Orion DLR K-O-174 RASMUS 3 Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 79 km (49 mi). 1990 May 29 - 05:09 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. SSC SPINRAC test Agency: SSC. Apogee: 107 km (66 mi). 1990 July 25 - 21:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki Robin Dart Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR?. Apogee: 81 km (50 mi). 1990 July 26 - 22:05 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki Robin Dart Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR?. Apogee: 81 km (50 mi). 1990 July 26 - 23:25 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Viper. Viper 3A Robin Sphere Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR?. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi). 1990 July 26 - 23:55 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki Robin Dart Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR?. Apogee: 84 km (52 mi). 1990 August 2 - 23:01 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Viper. Viper 3A Robin Sphere Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR?. Apogee: 118 km (73 mi). 1990 August 2 - 23:46 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki Robin Dart Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR?. Apogee: 39 km (24 mi). 1991 February 3 - 11:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Orion DLR K-O-185 Strafam 3 / 2 Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 58 km (36 mi). 1991 April 9 - 03:41 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Orion DLR K-O-186 RASMUS 4 Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 65 km (40 mi). 1991 April 9 - 17:38 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki SISSI So5 Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR?. Apogee: 72 km (44 mi). 1991 April 9 - 18:18 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Viper. Viper 3A SISSI RD1 Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR?. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi). 1991 April 9 - 19:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Viper. Viper 3A SISSI RD2 Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR?. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi). 1991 April 9 - 19:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki SISSI So6 Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR?. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi). 1991 April 9 - 20:41 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki SISSI So7 Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR?. Apogee: 87 km (54 mi). 1991 May 8 - 03:54 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Maxus. Maxus MAXUS 1 FAILURE: Failed. Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 157 km (97 mi). Microgravity experiments. Recovered, although it reached only a fraction of the planned altitude. The MAXUS sounding rocket program began in 1989 and the first launch took place in 1991.The program was a joint venture between the Swedish Space Corporation and the German space company EADS-ST. The Maxus program was financed by ESA. The scientific objective was to perform experiments during 12-13 minutes of microgravity (10-4 g) using a single stage sounding rocket motor. The motor, a Castor 4B, had a maximum acceleration of 13 g, a top speed of 3500 m/sec and reached an apogee of around 750 km depending on the payload mass. 1991 August 1 - 01:03 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Viper. Viper 3A Sphere NLC-91 N-B-S01 PMSE Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 112 km (69 mi). 1991 August 1 - 01:28 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.249UU NLC-91 N-B-M02 MISTI B Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 89 km (55 mi). 1991 August 1 - 01:28 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.103GE NLC-91 N-B-E03 EFIELD-B Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 99 km (61 mi). 1991 August 1 - 01:39 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion NASA 31.77UE NLC-91 N-B-P04 PEP B Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 93 km (57 mi). 1991 August 1 - 01:40 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion DLR K-NO-188 NLC-91 N-B-T05 TURBO B Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi). 1991 August 1 - 01:54 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Viper. Viper 3A Sphere NLC-91 N-B-S06 PMSE Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 111 km (68 mi). 1991 August 1 - 02:24 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Viper. Viper 3A Chaff NLC-91 N-B-C07 PMSE (VCH28) Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi). 1991 August 1 - 02:39 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Viper. Viper 3A Sphere NLC-91 N-B-S08 PMSE Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 112 km (69 mi). 1991 August 5 - 23:21 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.250UE NLC-91 N-C-M09 MISTI C Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 88 km (54 mi). 1991 August 5 - 23:32 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Viper. Viper 3A Sphere NLC-91 N-C-S10 Salvo C Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 113 km (70 mi). 1991 August 9 - 22:39 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Viper. Viper 3A Sphere NLC-91 FAILURE: Failure. N-A-S11 NLC Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 5.00 km (3.10 mi). 1991 August 9 - 22:53 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Viper. Viper 3A Sphere NLC-91 N-A-S12 NLC Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi). 1991 August 9 - 23:15 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion DLR K-NO-189 NLC-91 N-A-T13 TURBO A Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). 1991 August 9 - 23:15 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion SSC DECIMALS NLC-91 N-A-D14 DECIMALS A Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). 1991 August 9 - 23:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Super Arcas NASA 15.251UE NLC-91 N-A-M15 MISTI A Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi). 1991 August 9 - 23:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.104GE NLC-91 N-B-E16 EFIELD-A Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 101 km (62 mi). 1991 August 9 - 23:40 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion NASA 31.78UE NLC-91 N-A-P17 PEP A Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). 1991 August 10 - 00:06 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Viper. Viper 3A Sphere NLC-91 N-A-S18 NLC Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 101 km (62 mi). 1991 August 10 - 00:24 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Viper. Viper 3A Chaff NLC-91 N-A-C19 NLC (VCH42) Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi). 1991 August 10 - 01:37 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion SSC DECIMALS NLC-91 N-A-D20 DECIMALS B Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 118 km (73 mi). 1991 August 10 - 01:42 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Viper. Viper 3A Sphere NLC-91 N-A-S21 NLC Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). 1992 April 9 - 10:40 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Black Brant 9BM1 MASER 5 MASER 5 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 317 km (196 mi). 1992 August 18 - 09:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Improved Orion DLR K-NO2-198 Testflug test Agency: DLR. Apogee: 92 km (57 mi). 1992 November 8 - 10:25 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Maxus. Maxus MAXUS 1B Microgravity mission Agency: SSC/DLR. Apogee: 717 km (445 mi). Microgravity experiments. Relaunch of the Maxu 1 mission. 1993 February 27 - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Orion DLR K-O-200 Strafam 3 / 21 Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). 1993 July 28 - 05:43 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Viper. Viper 3A Sphere NLC-93 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi). 1993 August 2 - 00:23 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion DLR K-NO-203 NLC-93 SSC Decimals A Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR/SSC. Apogee: 98 km (60 mi). 1993 August 2 - 00:37 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Viper. Viper 3A Sphere NLC-93 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi). 1993 August 2 - 01:02 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion DLR K-NO-204 NLC-93 SSC Decimals B Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR/SSC. Apogee: 105 km (65 mi). 1993 August 2 - 01:24 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Viper. Viper 3A Sphere NLC-93 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 105 km (65 mi). 1993 August 2 - 03:24 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Viper. Viper 3A Sphere NLC-93 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 106 km (65 mi). 1993 August 2 - 05:54 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Viper. Viper 3A Sphere NLC-93 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 107 km (66 mi). 1993 November 29 - 09:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Improved Orion DLR K-NO2-206 Mini-Texus 1 Microgravity mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 146 km (90 mi). 1994 February 19 - 09:27 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Orion DLR K-O-207 FAILURE: Failure. RASMUS 5 Aeronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi). 1994 May 3 - 07:40 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Improved Orion DLR K-NO2-208 Mini-Texus 2 Microgravity mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 139 km (86 mi). 1994 December 5 - 00:48 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Improved Orion SSC HYGROSOND Hygrosonde Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 77 km (47 mi). 1995 April 29 - 05:55 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Improved Orion DLR K-NO2-214 Mini-Texus 4 Microgravity mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 149 km (92 mi). 1995 May 2 - 05:35 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Improved Orion DLR K-NO2-215 Mini-Texus 3 Microgravity mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 125 km (77 mi). 1995 July 14 - 07:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Improved Orion DLR K-O/I-216 FAILURE: Failure. Test Orion 1 test Agency: DLR. Apogee: 7.00 km (4.30 mi). 1995 October 8 - 10:36 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Improved Orion DLR K-O/I-217 Test Orion 2 test Agency: DLR. Apogee: 74 km (45 mi). 1995 November 28 - 09:42 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Maxus. Maxus MAXUS 2 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC/DLR. Apogee: 705 km (438 mi). 1995 December 4 - 10:23 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Improved Orion SSC REXUS Test mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 89 km (55 mi). 1997 June 4 - 09:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Improved Orion SSC GYROTEST Test mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 94 km (58 mi). 1998 January 26 - 12:26 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion DLR K-NO2-230 SSC MERMAID Microgravity / education mission Agency: SSC/DLR. Apogee: 132 km (82 mi). 1998 February 11 - 09:42 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Improved Orion DLR K-NO2-232 Mini-Texus 5 Microgravity mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). 1998 March 3 - 22:33 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion DLR K-NO2-233 SSC NLTE-1 Atomic 2A Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 134 km (83 mi). 1998 March 6 - 21:26 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Orion DLR K-NO2-234 SSC NLTE-2 Atomic 2B Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 134 km (83 mi). 1998 March 7 - 00:33 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki Chaff Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC?. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). 1998 March 7 - 01:24 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki Chaff Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC?. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). 1998 October 7 - 11:35 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Orion DLR K-O-236 Maxus test Agency: DLR. Apogee: 56 km (34 mi). 1998 November 24 - 09:53 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Maxus. Maxus MAXUS 3 Biological/Physics mission Agency: SSC/ESA. Apogee: 713 km (443 mi). 1998 December 3 - 11:04 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Nike Improved Orion DLR K-NO2-237 Mini-Texus 6 Microgravity mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). 1999 July 27 - 22:48 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.122GE ICON Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). 2001 February 19 - 06:02 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Improved Orion DLR K-O-? Maxus test Agency: DLR. Apogee: 81 km (50 mi). 2001 April 29 - 11:28 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Maxus. Maxus MAXUS 4 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC/ESA. Apogee: 705 km (438 mi). 2001 December 15 - 10:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki Wind Hygrosonde II Meteorological mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi). 2001 December 15 - 11:53 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki Wind Hygrosonde II Met Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi). 2001 December 16 - 03:11 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Hygrosonde II Meteorological mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi). 2001 December 16 - 05:12 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Improved Orion SSC Hygrosond-2 Hygrosonde II Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). 2001 December 16 - 05:43 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki Falling Sphere Hygrosonde II Meteorological mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi). 2001 December 16 - 06:18 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki Falling Sphere Hygrosonde II Meteorological mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi). 2003 January 13 - 13:08 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SAGE-3 Test 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi). 2003 January 13 - 14:49 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SAGE-3 Test 2 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi). 2003 January 14 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SAGE-3 Test 3 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi). 2003 January 14 - 14:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SAGE-3 Test 4 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi). 2003 January 15 - 13:02 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SAGE-3 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi). 2003 January 16 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SAGE-3 2 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi). 2003 January 17 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SAGE-3 3 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 112 km (69 mi). 2003 January 18 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SAGE-3 Wind 4 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). 2003 January 19 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SAGE-3 Wind 5 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 118 km (73 mi). 2003 January 21 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. MM-LFS- SAGE III Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 113 km (70 mi). 2003 January 22 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SAGE-3 Wind 7 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 112 km (69 mi). 2003 January 22 - 13:35 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SAGE-3 Wind 8 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi). 2003 January 23 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SAGE-3 Wind 9 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 113 km (70 mi). 2003 January 23 - 13:15 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SAGE-3 Wind 10 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi). 2003 January 23 - 13:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SAGE-3 Wind 11 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 89 km (55 mi). 2003 January 24 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SAGE-3 Wind 12 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi). 2003 January 24 - 13:11 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL13 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 107 km (66 mi). 2003 January 24 - 14:03 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL14 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 103 km (64 mi). 2003 January 24 - 15:05 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL15 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi). 2003 January 24 - 16:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL16 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 106 km (65 mi). 2003 January 24 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL17 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi). 2003 January 24 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL18 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi). 2003 January 24 - 19:01 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL19 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 106 km (65 mi). 2003 January 24 - 20:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL20 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 109 km (67 mi). 2003 January 24 - 20:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Terrier. Terrier Orion NASA 41.030GE MacWAVE Plasma mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 131 km (81 mi). 2003 January 24 - 21:02 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL21 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 113 km (70 mi). 2003 January 24 - 22:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL22 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 106 km (65 mi). 2003 January 24 - 23:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL24 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 91 km (56 mi). 2003 January 25 - 00:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL25 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). 2003 January 25 - 00:58 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL26 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi). 2003 January 26 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL26? MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 111 km (68 mi). 2003 January 27 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL27? MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). 2003 January 27 - 15:05 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL28? MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 99 km (61 mi). 2003 January 27 - 15:45 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL29? MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi). 2003 January 27 - 16:33 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL30? MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi). 2003 January 27 - 19:26 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL31? MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). 2003 January 27 - 19:38 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL32? MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi). 2003 January 28 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL34 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi). 2003 January 28 - 15:04 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL35 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi). 2003 January 28 - 15:57 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL36 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi). 2003 January 28 - 16:56 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL33? MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). 2003 January 28 - 17:05 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL38 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi). 2003 January 28 - 17:57 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL39 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). 2003 January 28 - 18:32 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Terrier. Terrier Orion NASA 41.031GE MacWAVE Plasma / aeronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi). 2003 January 28 - 18:42 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL41 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 108 km (67 mi). 2003 January 28 - 19:42 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. Super Loki ES03SL42 MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi). 2003 January 29 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 113 km (70 mi). 2003 January 30 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. MM-LFS- Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). 2003 January 30 - 13:12 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SAGE-3 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 112 km (69 mi). 2003 January 30 - 21:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SAGE-3 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 107 km (66 mi). 2003 January 30 - 21:55 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SAGE-3 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi). 2003 January 30 - 22:03 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. SAGE-3 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 96 km (59 mi). 2003 April 1 - 06:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Maxus. Maxus MAXUS 5 Maxus 5 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC/ESA. Apogee: 701 km (435 mi). Suborbital microgravity payload. Launch delayed from 31 March. 2004 October 28 - 19:49 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Improved Orion SSC REXUS II REXUS-2/ECOMA Education/Meteor mission Agency: DLR/SSC. Apogee: 91 km (56 mi). The REXUS program was a joint project between the Swedish Space Corporation SSC, ESRANGE, and the Mobile Rocket Base (Moraba) of the German Aerospace Center DLR, conducted by newly founded EUROLAUNCH. The scientific payload capacity was shared between Swedish and German student experimenters. REXUS was considered as an annual sounding rocket program. 2004 November 22 - 08:35 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Maxus. Maxus MAXUS 6 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC/ESA. Apogee: 706 km (438 mi). 2005 January 10 - 03:29 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. MAGIC support Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). 2005 January 10 - 04:37 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Improved Orion SSC MAGIC MAGIC Meteorite dust mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 95 km (59 mi). 2005 January 10 - 06:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. MAGIC support Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 77 km (47 mi). 2005 January 10 - 07:03 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Loki. MAGIC support Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi). 2005 December 1 - 09:04 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Sonda. TEXUS EML-1/TEXUS 42 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC/DLR. Apogee: 263 km (163 mi). This was the first launch of the Brazilian sounding rocket VSB-30, replacing the British Skylark, from Esrange. The speed when leaving the launcher was about 60 m/s and after 45 seconds of acceleration the max speed was over 200 m/s. During the flight the experiments onboard spent approximately 6 minutes of microgravity and all experiments worked successfully. The payload was brought back for analysis at Esrange by helicopter within one hour after landing. 2006 April 5 - 05:56 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Improved Orion REXUS 3 Education mission Agency: DLR/SSC. Apogee: 95 km (59 mi). 2006 May 2 - 06:16 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Maxus. Maxus MAXUS 7 Maxus 7 Agency: SSC/ESA. Apogee: 702 km (436 mi). Suborbital microgravity mission. Kaiser-Threde developed a new payload service system for MAXUS 7, providing 2 independent TV-links with 2 high power HF transmitters and GPS. The recovery system was a BAL ORSA system, modified by Kaiser-Threde, including parachute from DLR. 2006 May 10 - 08:12 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Sonda. TEXUS 43 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC/DLR. Apogee: 237 km (147 mi). The TEXUS 43 mission gave around six minutes of microgravity to the 407 kg payload contributed by five investigators from three different institutes Contact us with any corrections, additions, or comments. Conditions for use of drawings, pictures, or other materials from this site.. To contact astronauts or cosmonauts. © Mark Wade, 1997 - 2008 except where otherwise noted. |
