Molniya home
topic index
Kaluga Museum
Credit - © Mark Wade
Program: Molniya. Objective: Communications. Overview: First Soviet communications satellite network.
Major Events:

  • 1964 June 4 - Molniya-1 s/n 2 Failure.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Unsuccessful first attempt to launch Molniya communications satellite.

  • 1964 August 22 - Cosmos 41.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Successful launch of first Soviet communications satellite. This is the second Molniya launch attempt. (the first was a launch failure). The failure of the antennae to deploy means the spacecraft can only be tested in a limited manner and cannot be used for the planned relay of television.

  • 1965 April 23 - Molniya 1-01.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    First announced launch of Soviet communications satellite. Television programme transmission and long range two way multi channel telephone and telegraph communications. Orbital characteristics after correction of 2 May 1965.

  • 1965 October 14 - Molniya 1-02.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    France - USSR communications link. Second communications satellite 'Molniya-1'. Television programme transmission and long-range, two-way multi-channel telephone, phototelegraph and telegraph communications.

  • 1966 March 27 - Molniya-1 s/n 5 Failure.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

  • 1966 April 25 - Molniya 1-03.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Also transmitted cloud cover images. Television programme transmission and long-range two-way multi-channel telephone, phototelegraph and telegraph communicaitons.

  • 1966 October 20 - Molniya 1-04.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Television programme transmission and long-range two-way multi-channel telephone, phototelegraph and telegraph communicaitons.

  • 1967 May 24 - Molniya 1-05.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Further development and experimental operation of long-range two-way television and telephone-telegraph radio-communication.

  • 1967 August 31 - Cosmos 174.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Probable commsat failure. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

  • 1967 October 3 - Molniya 1-06.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1967 October 22 - Molniya 1-07.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1968 April 21 - Molniya 1-08.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1968 July 5 - Molniya 1-09.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1968 October 5 - Molniya 1-10.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1968 December 16 - Cosmos 260.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

  • 1969 April 11 - Molniya 1-11.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1969 July 22 - Molniya 1-12.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1970 February 19 - Molniya 1-13.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    The first launch of the 8K78M vehicle from the Plesetsk launch site. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1970 June 26 - Molniya 1-14.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1970 September 29 - Molniya 1-15.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1970 November 27 - Molniya 1-16.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1970 December 25 - Molniya 1-17.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1971 July 28 - Molniya 1-18.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1971 November 24 - Molniya 2-01.  Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1971 December 19 - Molniya 1-19.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1972 April 4 - Molniya 1-20.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1972 May 19 - Molniya 2-02.  Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system; transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation.

  • 1972 September 30 - Molniya 2-03.  Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system; transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation.

  • 1972 October 14 - Molniya 1-21.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1972 December 2 - Molniya 1-22.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1972 December 12 - Molniya 2-04.  Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system; transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation.

  • 1973 February 3 - Molniya 1-23.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1973 April 5 - Molniya 2-05.  Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1973 July 11 - Molniya 2-06.  Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1973 August 30 - Molniya 1-24.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1973 October 19 - Molniya 2-07.  Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1973 November 14 - Molniya 1-25.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1973 November 30 - Molniya 1-26.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1973 December 25 - Molniya 2-08.  Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1974 April 20 - Molniya 1-27.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1974 April 26 - Molniya 2-09.  Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1974 July 23 - Molniya 2-10.  Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1974 July 29 - Molniya 1-S.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 800 kg (1,760 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Proton.

    Evidently a unique experimental satellite. Arrangements for experimental television broadcasts and establishment of long-range radio-communications. As of 29 August 2001 located at 104.72 deg E drifting at 0.115 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 41.05E drifting at 0.029W degrees per day.

  • 1974 October 24 - Molniya 1-28.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Decay date suspect Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1974 November 21 - Molniya 3-01.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1974 December 21 - Molniya 2-11.  Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1975 February 6 - Molniya 2-12.  Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Decay date suspect Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1975 April 14 - Molniya 3-02.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1975 April 29 - Molniya 1-29.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1975 June 5 - Molniya 1-30.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1975 July 8 - Molniya 2-13.  Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1975 September 2 - Molniya 1-31.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1975 September 9 - Molniya 2-14.  Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1975 November 14 - Molniya 3-03.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1975 December 17 - Molniya 2-15.  Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1975 December 27 - Molniya 3-04.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Decay date suspect Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1976 January 22 - Molniya 1-32.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1976 March 11 - Molniya 1-33.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme). Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T.

  • 1976 March 19 - Molniya 1-34.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1976 May 12 - Molniya 3-05.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1976 July 1 - Cosmos 837.  Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Failed Molniya.

  • 1976 July 23 - Molniya 1-35.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1976 September 1 - Cosmos 853.  Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Failed Molniya.

  • 1976 December 2 - Molniya 2-16.  Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1976 December 28 - Molniya 3-06.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1977 February 11 - Molniya 2-17.  Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1977 March 24 - Molniya 1-36.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme). Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T.

  • 1977 April 28 - Molniya 3-07.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1977 June 24 - Molniya 1-37.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1977 August 30 - Molniya 1-38.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system; transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T.

  • 1977 October 28 - Molniya 3-08.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system; transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation.

  • 1978 January 24 - Molniya 3-09.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1978 March 2 - Molniya 1-39.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1978 June 2 - Molniya 1-40.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

  • 1978 July 14 - Molniya 1-41.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1978 August 22 - Molniya 1-42.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1978 October 13 - Molniya 3-10.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1979 January 18 - Molniya 3-11.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1979 April 12 - Molniya 1-43.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1979 June 5 - Molniya 3-12.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system; transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation.

  • 1979 July 31 - Molniya 1-44.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1979 October 20 - Molniya 1-45.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1980 January 11 - Molniya 1-46.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1980 April 18 - Cosmos 1175.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Probable failed early warning. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

  • 1980 June 21 - Molniya 1-47.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1980 July 18 - Molniya 3-13.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1980 November 16 - Molniya 1-48.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1981 January 9 - Molniya 3-14.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 3-10. Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1981 January 30 - Molniya 1-49.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 1-41. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1981 March 24 - Molniya 3-15.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replace Molniya 3-11. Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

  • 1981 June 9 - Molniya 3-16.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 3-14. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1981 June 24 - Molniya 1-50.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 1-42. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1981 September 11 - Cosmos 1305.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

  • 1981 October 17 - Molniya 3-17.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 3-12. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1981 November 17 - Molniya 1-51.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1981 December 23 - Molniya 1-52.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 1-45. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1982 February 26 - Molniya 1-53.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 1-47. Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1982 March 24 - Molniya 3-18.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 3-15. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1982 May 28 - Molniya 1-54.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 1-44. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1982 July 21 - Molniya 1-55.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1982 August 27 - Molniya 3-19.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 3-13. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1982 December 8 - Cosmos 1423.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Intended to replace Molniya 1-48; failed. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

  • 1983 March 11 - Molniya 3-20.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 3-17. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1983 March 16 - Molniya 1-56.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 1-50. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1983 April 2 - Molniya 1-57.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 1-52. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1983 July 19 - Molniya 1-58.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 1-49. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1983 August 30 - Molniya 3-21.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1983 November 23 - Molniya 1-59.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1983 December 21 - Molniya 3-22.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 3-16. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1984 March 16 - Molniya 1-60.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 1-51. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1984 August 10 - Molniya 1-61.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1984 August 24 - Molniya 1-62.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 1-54. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1984 December 14 - Molniya 1-63.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 1-55. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1985 January 16 - Molniya 3-23.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 3-19. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1985 May 29 - Molniya 3-24.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 3-18. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1985 July 17 - Molniya 3-25.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1985 August 22 - Molniya 1-64.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 1-61. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1985 October 3 - Molniya 3-26.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1985 October 23 - Molniya 1-65.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 1-58. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1985 October 28 - Molniya 1-66.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 1-56. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1985 December 24 - Molniya 3-27.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1986 April 18 - Molniya 3-28.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 3-23. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1986 June 19 - Molniya 3-29.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 3-20. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1986 July 30 - Molniya 1-67.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 1-59. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1986 September 5 - Molniya 1-68.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 1-57. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1986 October 20 - Molniya 3-30.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 3-21. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1986 November 15 - Molniya 1-69.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 1-60. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1986 December 26 - Molniya 1-70.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 1-62. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1987 January 22 - Molniya 3-31.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1988 March 11 - Molniya 1-71.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1988 March 17 - Molniya 1-72.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1988 May 26 - Molniya 3-32.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1988 August 12 - Molniya 1-73.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1988 September 29 - Molniya 3-33.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1988 December 22 - Molniya 3-34.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. First launch from LC43/3 since it was damaged by a booster accident in June 1987.

  • 1988 December 28 - Molniya 1-74.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1989 February 15 - Molniya 1-75.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1989 June 8 - Molniya 3-35.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1989 September 27 - Molniya 1-76.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1989 November 28 - Molniya 3-36.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1990 January 23 - Molniya 3-37.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1990 April 26 - Molniya 1-77.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1990 June 13 - Molniya 3-38.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1990 August 10 - Molniya 1-78.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1990 September 20 - Molniya 3-39.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1990 November 23 - Molniya 1-79.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1991 February 15 - Molniya 1-80.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1991 March 22 - Molniya 3-40.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1991 June 18 - Molniya 1-81.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1991 August 1 - Molniya 1-82.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1991 September 17 - Molniya 3-41.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

  • 1992 March 4 - Molniya 1-83.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system and transmission of Central Television programmes.

  • 1992 August 6 - Molniya 1-84.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system, transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

  • 1992 October 14 - Molniya 3-42.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system, transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation.

  • 1992 December 2 - Molniya 3-43.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system, transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation.

  • 1993 January 13 - Molniya 1-85.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system, transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. Replaced Molniya 1-78.

  • 1993 April 21 - Molniya 3-44.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system, transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation. Replaced Molniya 3-41.

  • 1993 May 26 - Molniya 1-86.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system, transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. Replaced Molniya 1-81.

  • 1993 August 4 - Molniya 3-45.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system. Replaced Molniya 3-37.

  • 1993 December 22 - Molniya 1-87.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Operation of the long range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system. Replaced Molniya 1-77.

  • 1994 August 23 - Molniya-3-46.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Replaced Molniya 3-40. As of 1994, the Molniya 3 constellation consisted of Molniya 3-36, 3-38, 3-39, 3-42, 3-43, 3-44, 3-45, and 3-46.

  • 1994 December 14 - Molniya-1-88.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Molniya 188, relieved Molniya 1-82 of its duties. At the end of 1994, operational Molniya satellites were 1-79, 1-80, and 1-83 through 1-88.

  • 1995 August 9 - Molniya-3-47.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

    Voice and TV coverage.

  • 1996 August 14 - Molniya-1T.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

  • 1996 October 24 - Molniya-3-48.  Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

  • 1997 September 24 - Molniya-1T.  Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz.

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