| Kub | ||
Mid-range integral rocket-ramjet Russian surface-to-air missile, widely deployed with Soviet forces and exported to 22 countries. The missile provided one of the great technological surprises in warfare in the October 1973 Arab-Israeli War. As much as 30% of Israeli fighter formations were shot down by this missile on their first encounter - 30 aircraft in the first day of the war alone. The Israelis and their American backers were not aware of and had no electronic countermeasure for the Kub's continuous-wave illuminating radars. The only effective solution was to fly the aircraft directly at the approaching missile, and then descend under it at the last moment. The Kub 2K12 surface-to-air missile system (export name Kvadrat) had been accepted by the Soviet land forces for production in 1966. This had been developed by V V Tikhomirov at OKB-11 GKAT (later NIIP Priborostroeniya named for V V Tikhomirov). Development had begun under Tikhomirov in accordance with a decree of July 1958. He directed the work until 1962. From then his deputy Ya N Figorovskiy was responsible, with the project development being led by his first deputy, V K Grishin. The Ulyanovsk Mechanical Works began series production in 1967. By 1971 the missile had been exported to 22 countries. The system consisted of two associated vehicles: the 1S91 SURN (self-propelled vehicle, developed by A A Rastov at OKB-15 GKAT) with the search and tracking radars) and the 2P25 self-propelled launcher, developed by A I Yaskin, at SKB-203 GKAT, later known as KB Compressor Machinery) which carried three beam-riding missiles. A battery consisted of one 1S91 and four 2P25 - a total of twelve missiles which could be brought to bear on a range of targets. The 3M9 surface-to-air missile was developed by KB-82 Factory 134 GKAT (later GosMKB Vympel) under the direction of A l Lyapin. The all-moving wing aerodynamic scheme controlled flight by movement of the four deployable wings, with stability provided by four fixed fins aft. The semi-active, self-guiding homing head was developed by I G Akopyan at OKB-15. Maximum target speed 2160 kph. Reaction time from track to launch 28 seconds. System can be active 5 minutes after arrival at site and deactivated in the same time in 'shoot and scoot' mode. One target can be tracked at a time. Three missiles per launcher. Radars: P-12/1RL14 Spoon Rest early warning radar, A band, range 275 km. P-40 Long Track early warning radar, E band, range 175 km. P-15/1RL13 Flat Face target acquisition radar, C band, range 250 km. Score Board A target acquisition radar. 1S91 Straight Flush target tracking radar, G band, range 75 km. 1S91 Straight Flush high frequency radar, H band, range 25 km. Thin Skin B height finding radar. Manufacturer: Tikhomirov/GosKMB Vympel. Total Mass: 580 kg (1,270 lb). Core Diameter: 0.34 m (1.10 ft). Total Length: 5.80 m (19.00 ft). Span: 1.24 m (4.06 ft). Standard warhead mass: 59 kg (130 lb). Maximum range: 24 km (14 mi). Boost Propulsion: Integral rocket/ramjet. Guidance: Command Link + Semi-Active Radar Homing. Maximum speed: 2,160 kph (1,340 mph). Minimum range: 3.70 km (2.20 mi). Ceiling: 14,000 m (45,000 ft). Floor: 50 m (164 ft). Surveillance Radar: Long Track/E. Tracking Radar: Straight Flush C/G/H/I. Model: 9M20. Surface-to-air drone. Country: Russia. Department of Defence Designation: SA-6. ASCC Reporting Name: Gainful. Missile: 9M20. Drone version.
Model: Kub-M1. Surface-to-air missile. Year: 1967. IOC: 1975. Country: Russia. Other Designations: ZRK-SD. Department of Defence Designation: SA-6A. ASCC Reporting Name: Gainful. Manufacturer's Designation: Kvadrat (export). Launch System: Kub-M1. Complex: 2K12M1. Development of a modernised Kub system began in 1967. It was accepted by the military in January 1973 as the Kub-M1 with the 2K12M1 missile. Radars: P-12/1RL14 Spoon Rest early warning radar, A band, range 275 km. P-40 Long Track early warning radar, E band, range 175 km. P-15/1RL13 Flat Face target acquisition radar, C band, range 250 km. Score Board A target acquisition radar. 1S91 Straight Flush target tracking radar, G band, range 75 km. 1S91 Straight Flush height finding radar, H band, range 25 km. Thin Skin B high frequency radar.
Model: Kub-M3. Surface-to-air missile. Year: 1976. IOC: 1975. Country: Russia. Department of Defence Designation: SA-6B. ASCC Reporting Name: Gainful. Launch System: Kub-M3. Complex: 9K40. Missile: 9M38. A further modernisation of the Kub began development in 1974 and was accepted for production at the end of 1976 by the PVO. This Kub-M3 used the 2K12M3 missile.
Standard warhead mass: 57 kg (125 lb). Maximum range: 25 km (15 mi). Guidance: Semi-active radar homing. Minimum range: 4.00 km (2.40 mi). Ceiling: 8,000 m (26,200 ft). Floor: 20 m (65 ft). Model: Kub-M4. Surface-to-air missile. IOC: 1975. Country: Russia. A final variant of was the Kub-M4, which used the Kub-M3 firing units but the Buk surface-to-air missile in place of the 2K12. Vehicles:
Radars: P-12/1RL14 Spoon Rest early warning radar, A band, range 275 km. P-40 Long Track early warning radar, E band, range 175 km. P-15/1RL13 Flat Face target acquisition radar, C band, range 250 km. Score Board A target acquisition radar, band, range km. 9S35M1 Fire Dome target tracking radar, H/I band, range 85 km. 1S91 Straight Flush target tracking radar, G band, range 75 km. 1S91 Straight Flush height finding radar, H band, range 25 km. Thin Skin B high frequency radar. Standard warhead mass: 57 kg (125 lb). Maximum range: 24 km (14 mi). Guidance: Semi-active radar homing. Minimum range: 4.00 km (2.40 mi). Ceiling: 14,000 m (45,000 ft). Floor: 30 m (98 ft). Bibliography and Further Reading
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