Source: Encyclopedia Astronautica (http://www.astronautix.com/):'Juno II'

Juno II
Credit: © Thomas Kladiva

American orbital launch vehicle. Satellite launcher derived from Jupiter IRBM. Basic 4 stage vehicle consisted of 1 x Jupiter + 1 x Cluster stage 2 + 1 x Cluster stage 3 + 1 x RTV Motor

Number stage 2: 11. Number stage 3: 3. LEO Payload: 41 kg (90 lb) to a 200 km orbit. Payload: 6.00 kg (13.20 lb) to a translunar trajectory. Failures: 6. First Fail Date: 1958-12-06. Last Fail Date: 1961-05-24. Development Cost $: 84.500 million. Launch Price $: 10.830 million in 1960 dollars. Flyaway Unit Cost $: 0.735 million in 1985 dollars in 1958 dollars. Total Development Built: 30. Total Production Built: 68.

Gross mass: 55,110 kg (121,490 lb).
Payload: 41 kg (90 lb).
Height: 24.00 m (78.00 ft).
Diameter: 2.67 m (8.75 ft).
Thrust: 667.20 kN (149,993 lbf).
Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).
First date: 1958-12-06.
Last date: 1961-05-24.
Number: 10 .

Associated Stages

Jupiter Lox/Kerosene propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 54,431/5,443 kg. Thrust 758.71 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 282 seconds. More...

Sergeant Solid propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 42/21 kg. Thrust 6.66 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 235 seconds. More...

Associated Launch Sites

Cape Canaveral America's largest launch center, used for all manned launches. Today only six of the 40 launch complexes built here remain in use. Located at or near Cape Canaveral are the Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island, used by NASA for Saturn V and Space Shuttle launches; Patrick AFB on Cape Canaveral itself, operated the US Department of Defense and handling most other launches; the commercial Spaceport Florida; the air-launched launch vehicle and missile Drop Zone off Mayport, Florida, located at 29.00 N 79.00 W, and an offshore submarine-launched ballistic missile launch area. All of these take advantage of the extensive down-range tracking facilities that once extended from the Cape, through the Caribbean, South Atlantic, and to South Africa and the Indian Ocean. More...

Cape Canaveral LC26B Jupiter launch complex. The LC-26 dual launch pad complex was constructed for the U.S. Army's Redstone and Jupiter missile programs in 1956-1957. At least 36 Redstone, Jupiter, Jupiter C and Juno II launches were conducted 1957-1964. More...

Cape Canaveral LC5 Redstone, Jupiter launch complex. Pad 5 supported its first Jupiter A launch on 19 July 1956. In addition to Redstone and Jupiter launches, the complex supported Explorer and Pioneer missions and all six Redstone /Mercury suborbital flights. On 31 January 1964, Complexes 5 and 6 were reassigned to become part of the USAF Space Museum. More...

Associated Programs

Explorer Series of satellites launched by Jet Propulsion Laboratory for the exploration of the space environment (micrometeoroids, charged particles, radiation, etc) from both earth orbital and heliocentric orbital locations. More...

Pioneer The Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pioneer series were the first US probes sent towards the moon. Later Pioneers explored the heliocentric space environment and were the first spacecraft to reach the outer planets and to escape from the solar system. More...

Associated Manufacturers and Agencies

Von Braun American manufacturer of rockets and spacecraft. Von Braun, USA. More...

See also

Jupiter The Jupiter IRBM was developed for the US Army. By the time development was complete, the mission and the missile was assigned to the US Air Force, which had its own nearly identical missile, the Thor. Jupiters were stationed in Turkey and Italy in the early 1960's, but withdrawn in secret exchange for the withdrawal of Soviet R-5 missiles from Cuba. The Jupiter was used as the first stage of the relatively unsuccessful Juno II launch vehicle, and proposed for the Juno III and Juno IV. Jupiter tooling and engines were used to build the much larger Juno V / Saturn I launch vehicle. More...

orbital launch vehicle

Associated Engines

S-3 Rocketdyne Lox/Kerosene rocket engine. 758.7 kN. Juno II, Saturn A-2 studies of 1959. Isp=282s. First flight 1958. More...

Sergeant Multiple-source solid rocket engine. 6.660 kN. Out of Production. Used in Jupiter C, Juno 2. Isp=235s. First flight 1956. More...

Associated Spacecraft

Beacon 1 American technology satellite. 2 launches, 1958.10.23 (Beacon 1) and 1959.08.15 (Beacon 2). More...

Pioneer 3-4 American lunar flyby probe. 2 launches, 1958.12.06 (Pioneer 3) to 1959.03.03 (Pioneer 4). Smaller than the previous Pioneers, Pioneer 3 and 4 each carried only a single experiment to detect cosmic radiation. More...

S-1 American earth magnetosphere satellite. 2 launches, 1959.07.16 (Explorer) to 1959.10.13 (Explorer 7). Magnetic field, solar flare data. More...

S-46 American earth magnetosphere satellite. One launch, 1960.03.23, Explorer. More...

S-30 American earth ionosphere satellite. One launch, 1960.11.03, Explorer 8. Ionospheric research. More...

P-14 American solar satellite. 3 launches, 1961.02.24 (Explorer) to 1961.05.24 (Explorer). Magnetic field data. More...

S-15 American solar satellite. One launch, 1961.04.27, Explorer 11. Gamma ray data. More...

Associated Countries

USA

Juno II Chronology

1958 December 6 - . 05:44 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC5. LV Family: Jupiter. Launch Vehicle: Juno II. LV Configuration: Juno II AM-11. FAILURE: First Stage shut down too early. Partial Failure.. Failed Stage: 1.

Pioneer 3 - . Mass: 6.00 kg (13.20 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Program: Pioneer. Class: Planetary. Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft: Pioneer 3-4. Decay Date: 1958-12-07. USAF Sat Cat: 111 . COSPAR: 1958-Theta-1. Failed to reach moon; provided radiation data. Pioneer III, the third U.S.-IGY intended lunar probe under the direction of NASA with the Army acting as executive agent, was launched from the Atlantic Missile Range by a Juno II rocket. The primary objective, to place the 12.95 pound scientific payload in the vicinity of the moon, failed. Pioneer III reached an altitude of approximately 70,000 miles and revealed that the earth's radiation belt comprised at least two distinct bands.

1959 March 3 - . 05:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC5. LV Family: Jupiter. Launch Vehicle: Juno II. LV Configuration: Juno II AM-14.

Pioneer 4 - . Mass: 6.00 kg (13.20 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Program: Pioneer. Class: Planetary. Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft: Pioneer 3-4. USAF Sat Cat: 113 . COSPAR: 1959-Nu-1. The fourth U.S.-IGY lunar probe effort, Pioneer IV, a joint project of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency and Jet Propulsion Laboratory under the direction of NASA, was launched by a Juno II rocket from the Atlantic Missile Range. Intended to impact on the lunar surface, Pioneer IV achieved earth-moon trajectory, passing within 60,200 km of the moon before going into permanent orbit around the sun.

1959 June 6 - . LV Family: Jupiter. Launch Vehicle: Juno II.

Jupiter biological test results. - . Nation: USA. Summary: Army announced that sea urchin eggs fertilized before Jupiter nose cone flight continued to grow normally..

1959 July 8 - . LV Family: Jupiter. Launch Vehicle: Juno II.

Jupiter deleted as Mercury launch vehicle. - . Nation: USA. Program: Mercury. Summary: As developmental planning for Project Mercury evolved, NASA notified the Army that to reduce the variety of launching vehicles to Jupiter missile would not be used for Project Mercury tests..

1959 July 16 - . 17:37 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC5. LV Family: Jupiter. Launch Vehicle: Juno II. LV Configuration: Juno II AM-16. FAILURE: Control lost after 5.5 sec. Destroyed by range safety.. Failed Stage: 1.

Explorer S-1 - . Payload: S-1. Mass: 41 kg (90 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Program: Explorer. Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft: S-1. Decay Date: 1959-07-16. COSPAR: F590716A.

1959 August 15 - . 00:31 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC26B. LV Family: Jupiter. Launch Vehicle: Juno II. LV Configuration: Juno II AM-19B. FAILURE: First stage shut down too early; no attitude control for upper stages.. Failed Stage: 1.

Beacon 2 - . Mass: 5.00 kg (11.00 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: Beacon 1. Decay Date: 1959-08-14. COSPAR: F590815A.

1959 October 13 - . 15:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC5. LV Family: Jupiter. Launch Vehicle: Juno II. LV Configuration: Juno II AM-19A.

Explorer 7 - . Payload: S-1A. Mass: 42 kg (92 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Program: Explorer. Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft: S-1. USAF Sat Cat: 22 . COSPAR: 1959-Iota-1. Apogee: 857 km (532 mi). Perigee: 523 km (324 mi). Inclination: 50.3000 deg. Period: 98.60 min. Summary: Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space. Returned magnetic field and solar flare data..

1960 March 23 - . 13:35 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC26B. LV Family: Jupiter. Launch Vehicle: Juno II. LV Configuration: Juno II AM-19C. FAILURE: Upper stage failed to ignite. Third stage failed to ignite due to loss of radio contact.. Failed Stage: 3.

Explorer S-46 - . Payload: S-46. Mass: 16 kg (35 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Program: Explorer. Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft: S-46. Decay Date: 1960-03-23. COSPAR: F600323A.

1960 November 3 - . 05:23 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC26B. LV Family: Jupiter. Launch Vehicle: Juno II. LV Configuration: Juno II AM-19D.

Explorer 8 - . Payload: S-30. Mass: 41 kg (90 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Program: Explorer. Class: Earth. Type: Ionosphere satellite. Spacecraft: S-30. USAF Sat Cat: 60 . COSPAR: 1960-Xi-1. Apogee: 1,331 km (827 mi). Perigee: 394 km (244 mi). Inclination: 49.9000 deg. Period: 102.20 min. Summary: Ionospheric research. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). .

1961 February 25 - . 00:13 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC26B. LV Family: Jupiter. Launch Vehicle: Juno II. LV Configuration: Juno II AM-19F. FAILURE: Third Stage failed to ignite.. Failed Stage: 3.

Explorer - . Payload: S-45. Mass: 34 kg (74 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Program: Explorer. Class: Astronomy. Type: Solar astronomy satellite. Spacecraft: P-14. Decay Date: 1961-02-24. COSPAR: F610224A.

1961 April 27 - . 14:16 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC26B. LV Family: Jupiter. Launch Vehicle: Juno II. LV Configuration: Juno II AM-19E.

Explorer 11 - . Payload: S-15. Mass: 37 kg (81 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Program: Explorer. Class: Astronomy. Type: Solar astronomy satellite. Spacecraft: S-15. USAF Sat Cat: 107 . COSPAR: 1961-Nu-1. Apogee: 1,458 km (905 mi). Perigee: 480 km (290 mi). Inclination: 28.8000 deg. Period: 104.50 min. Summary: Gamma ray data. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). .

1961 May 24 - . 19:48 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC26B. LV Family: Jupiter. Launch Vehicle: Juno II. LV Configuration: Juno II AM-19G. FAILURE: Second Stage failed to ignite.. Failed Stage: 2.

Explorer S-45A - . Payload: S-45A. Mass: 33 kg (72 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Program: Explorer. Class: Astronomy. Type: Solar astronomy satellite. Spacecraft: P-14. Decay Date: 1961-05-24. COSPAR: F610524A.

Juno II Chronology

Juno II Images