Black Brant

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Sounding rocket. Country: Canada. Status: Active.

The Black Brant originated in a 1957 Canadian government requirement for a sounding rocket to characterize the ionosphere in order to improve military communications. Bristol Aerospace of Winnipeg, Manitoba was selected to design the rocket, while the Canadian Armament Research and Development Establishment (CARDE) was responsible for the propellant and filling. The prototype was called the Propulsion Test Vehicle. It was a relatively heavy rocket, since it was designed to stand up to the use of a wide range of engine burning time, propellant loadings and launch angles associated with fuel development. The lighter production version of the vehicle was renamed Black Brant. Later versions of Black Brant used a variety of booster and upper stages to supplement the original single-stage vehicle.

From Aerojet - The Creative Company, 1995:

Aerojet and Bristol Aerospace Ltd of Winnipeg Canada formed a joint venture to share sounding rocket technology, and this lasted from 1958 to 1974. The first sounding rocket resulting from this cooperation, the Black Brant, was launched in 1965. Bristol gradually got more and more of the orders, and essentially displaced Aerojet from the business. They have produced more than 800 Black Brants since that time, and about two thirds, of their current production is for NASA.

801 Black Brant rockets were launched from 1962 to 2005. Versions of the Black Brant could carry payloads ranging from 70 to 850 kilograms to altitudes from 150 to more than 1,500 km, and could provide up to 20 minutes of microgravity time during a flight. The Black Brant and Nihka motors used on some Black Brant versions were manufactured in Canada by Bristol Aerospace Limited (a Magellan Aerospace Company). The Nike, Talos, and Taurus motors used on other Black Brant versions were built in the United States. These vehicles were integrated by the launch operator. In the United States, NASA was a frequent user of Black Brant vehicles.

Manufacturer: Bristol. Launches: 864. Failures: 48. Success Rate: 94.44%. First Launch Date: 1959-09-05. Last Launch Date: 2007-12-10. Launch data is: continuing. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). Version:

Black Brant 1.
Black Brant
Status: Retired 1963.

Single stage vehicle using the Black Brant VA.

Launches: 16. Failures: 1. First Launch Date: 1959-09-05. Last Launch Date: 1963-04-06. Payload: 68 kg (149 lb). Apogee: 225 km (139 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 111.000 kN (24,953 lbf). Total Mass: 730 kg (1,600 lb). Core Diameter: 0.26 m (0.85 ft). Total Length: 7.41 m (24.31 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 15KS25000. Gross Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Empty Mass: 150 kg (330 lb). Motor: 1 x 15KS25000. Thrust (vac): 111.000 kN (24,953 lbf). Burn time: 15 sec. Length: 5.20 m (17.00 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 2. Status: Retired 1974.

Single stage vehicle.

Launches: 56. Failures: 4. Success Rate: 92.86%. First Launch Date: 1960-10-12. Last Launch Date: 1974-02-22. Payload: 68 kg (149 lb). Apogee: 274 km (170 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 89.000 kN (20,007 lbf). Total Mass: 880 kg (1,940 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 8.45 m (27.72 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 15KS25000. Gross Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Empty Mass: 150 kg (330 lb). Motor: 1 x 15KS25000. Thrust (vac): 111.000 kN (24,953 lbf). Burn time: 15 sec. Length: 5.20 m (17.00 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 2B. Status: Retired 1965.

Launches: 4. Failures: 1. First Launch Date: 1964-10-06. Last Launch Date: 1965-01-25. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 8.40 m (27.50 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 23KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Empty Mass: 150 kg (330 lb). Motor: 1 x 23KS20000. Thrust (vac): 89.000 kN (20,007 lbf). Burn time: 23 sec. Length: 5.20 m (17.00 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 3. Status: Retired 1984.

Single stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Black Brant IIIA or IIIB.

Launches: 56. Failures: 6. Success Rate: 89.29%. First Launch Date: 1962-06-15. Last Launch Date: 1984-05-11. Payload: 18 kg (39 lb). Apogee: 177 km (109 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 49.000 kN (11,015 lbf). Total Mass: 286 kg (630 lb). Core Diameter: 0.26 m (0.85 ft). Total Length: 5.50 m (18.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 9KS11000. Gross Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Empty Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Motor: 1 x 9KS11000. Thrust (vac): 49.000 kN (11,015 lbf). Burn time: 9.00 sec. Length: 3.70 m (12.10 ft). Diameter: 0.26 m (0.85 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 3B. Status: Retired 1985.

Launches: 13. First Launch Date: 1969-02-28. Last Launch Date: 1985-05-06. Apogee: 220 km (130 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Core Diameter: 0.26 m (0.85 ft). Total Length: 5.50 m (18.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 12KS10000. Gross Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Empty Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Motor: 1 x 12KS10000. Thrust (vac): 45.000 kN (10,116 lbf). Burn time: 12 sec. Length: 3.90 m (12.70 ft). Diameter: 0.26 m (0.85 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 4.

Two stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Black Brant VA + 1 x Black Brant IIIA or IIIB.

From NASA SOUNDING ROCKETS, 1958-1968 - A Historical Summary, NASA SP-4401, 1971, by William R. Corliss

The most interesting addition to the NASA "stable" during the 1965- 1968 period was the Black Brant IV, a rocket built by Bristol Aerospace, Ltd., in Winnipeg. There was some controversy within Goddard regarding the desirability of purchasing a rocket from a foreign country when many American manufacturers build a large variety of sounding rockets. According to Karl Medrow, Chief of Goddard's Sounding Rocket Branch,80 the Black Brant had three positive features that led to its selection:
1. The Black Brants were operational with performance that no American manufacturer could match with off-the-shelf vehicles. (Note: NASA paid only for a propellant change in the Black Brant to improve performance. The U.S. Air Force also contributed financially to the development of the Black Brant series.)
2. The Black Brant used no military hardware and could thus be fired from foreign countries.
3. The Black Brant represented the cheapest way to get the job done.
By the end of 1968, NASA had fired two Black Brant IVs: one with a Canadian payload from Wallops Island on May 7, 1968, and a second from Brazil with a radiation payload provided by the Manned Spacecraft Center, on June 11,1968.

Payload: 18 kg (39 lb). Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 111.000 kN (24,953 lbf). Total Mass: 1,356 kg (2,989 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 11.06 m (36.28 ft). Version:

Black Brant 4A. Status: Retired 1976.

Launches: 35. Failures: 7. Success Rate: 80.00%. First Launch Date: 1964-06-24. Last Launch Date: 1976-03-10. Apogee: 850 km (520 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 12.00 m (39.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 15KS25000. Gross Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Empty Mass: 150 kg (330 lb). Motor: 1 x 15KS25000. Thrust (vac): 111.000 kN (24,953 lbf). Burn time: 15 sec. Length: 5.20 m (17.00 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 9KS11000. Gross Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Empty Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Motor: 1 x 9KS11000. Thrust (vac): 49.000 kN (11,015 lbf). Burn time: 9.00 sec. Length: 3.70 m (12.10 ft). Diameter: 0.26 m (0.85 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 4B. Status: Retired 1981.

Launches: 29. Failures: 2. First Launch Date: 1971-02-05. Last Launch Date: 1981-12-13. Apogee: 950 km (590 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 12.00 m (39.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 15KS25000. Gross Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Empty Mass: 150 kg (330 lb). Motor: 1 x 15KS25000. Thrust (vac): 111.000 kN (24,953 lbf). Burn time: 15 sec. Length: 5.20 m (17.00 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 12KS10000. Gross Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Empty Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Motor: 1 x 12KS10000. Thrust (vac): 45.000 kN (10,116 lbf). Burn time: 12 sec. Length: 3.90 m (12.70 ft). Diameter: 0.26 m (0.85 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 5.

Single stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Black Brant VA, VB, or VC.

The standard payload configuration for the Black Brant V vehicle was 44 cm in diameter with a 3:1 ogive nose cone shape. Payload length for the Black Brant 5 meters and weight was limited to approximately 540 kg. Because of the relatively high dynamic pressures, bulbous (larger than 44 cm diameter) payloads could not be accommodated on the Black Brant V vehicle. Standard hardware systems that were available for Black Brant V motors included aft recovery systems for 340 kg or 450 kg recovered weights. An Ogive Recovery System Assembly (ORSA) for the same weight ranges, payload separation systems (including a High Velocity Separation System) and despin systems were also available. These units were modular "stackable" such that a great deal of flexibility existed to meet experiment requirements.

Payload: 68 kg (149 lb). Apogee: 387 km (240 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 111.000 kN (24,953 lbf). Total Mass: 1,197 kg (2,638 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 8.15 m (26.73 ft). Version:

Black Brant 5A. Status: Retired 1999.

Launches: 31. Failures: 3. Success Rate: 90.32%. First Launch Date: 1963-07-20. Last Launch Date: 1999-07-14. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 1,100 kg (2,400 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 8.30 m (27.20 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 15KS25000. Gross Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Empty Mass: 150 kg (330 lb). Motor: 1 x 15KS25000. Thrust (vac): 111.000 kN (24,953 lbf). Burn time: 15 sec. Length: 5.20 m (17.00 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 5B. Status: Active.

Three-fin version. The Black Brant VB provided slightly improved performance over the VC. The burnout roll rate for the Black Brant V was 4 cycles per second. Maximum longitudinal acceleration varied with payload weight; for a typical payload weight of 270 kg, maximum thrust axis acceleration is approximately 12g's.

Launches: 65. Failures: 3. Success Rate: 95.38%. First Launch Date: 1965-06-12. Last Launch Date: 2002-02-21. Apogee: 400 km (240 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 1,200 kg (2,600 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 8.30 m (27.20 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 5C. Status: Active.

Four-fin version.

Launches: 104. Failures: 4. Success Rate: 96.15%. First Launch Date: 1970-04-04. Last Launch Date: 2007-01-19. Apogee: 350 km (210 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 1,300 kg (2,800 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 8.30 m (27.20 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 6. Status: Retired 1979.

Single stage vehicle.

Launches: 26. Failures: 5. First Launch Date: 1972-07-12. Last Launch Date: 1979-04-28. Apogee: 72 km (44 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 7.000 kN (1,574 lbf). Total Mass: 100 kg (220 lb). Core Diameter: 0.12 m (0.39 ft). Total Length: 2.80 m (9.10 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 9KS1660. Gross Mass: 100 kg (220 lb). Empty Mass: 20 kg (44 lb). Motor: 1 x 9KS1660. Thrust (vac): 7.400 kN (1,664 lbf). Burn time: 9.00 sec. Length: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Diameter: 0.12 m (0.39 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 7. Status: Retired 1972.

Single stage vehicle.

Launches: 20. First Launch Date: 1970-12-15. Last Launch Date: 1972-01-27. LEO Payload: 9.00 kg (19.80 lb). Payload: 9.00 kg (19.80 lb). to a: geosynchronous transfer orbit trajectory. Apogee: 40 km (24 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Core Diameter: 0.0900 m (0.2950 ft). Total Length: 2.10 m (6.80 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Black Brant VII. Empty Mass: 10 kg (22 lb). Motor: 1 x BB7. Thrust (vac): 1.000 kN (225 lbf). Burn time: 4.00 sec. Length: 1.70 m (5.50 ft). Diameter: 0.0900 m (0.2950 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 8.
Black Brant
Alternate Designation: Nike-Black Brant.

Two stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Nike booster + Black Brant VB or VC upper stage. Payload 136 kg to 430 km or 408 kg to 230 km.

The performance capabilities of the Black Brant V vehicle could be enhanced by boosting it with a Nike booster. This configuration could be tower launched in three and four fin versions (VB and VC, respectively). The Nike M5-El booster was the same rocket motor used to boost the Tomahawk sustainer and could be configured with three or four fins, depending on Black Brant VB or VC application. The Nike and Black Brant V stages drag separated at Nike burnout and the Black Brant V ignited at 8.5 seconds flight time. The Black Brant V rocket motor was configured with the addition of an ignition module at the motor front end.

The payload configurations used with the Nike boosted Black Brant V were similar to, or even interchangeable with, those flown on the single stage BB V B/C version. The Nike boosted Black Brant V vehicle could also accommodate bulbous diameter payloads (up to 56 cm) for scientific instruments which required a larger diameter than the standard 17.26 inches.

Standard hardware systems that were available for Nike-Black Brant V motors included aft recovery systems for 340 kg or 450 kg recovered weights, an Ogive Recovery System Assembly (ORSA) for the same weight ranges, payload separation systems (including High Velocity Separation Systems) and despin systems. These units were modular 'stackable'', providing a great deal of flexibility in meeting experiment requirements.

Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 196.000 kN (44,062 lbf). Total Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 11.90 m (39.00 ft). Version:

Black Brant 8B. Status: Retired 1989.

Launches: 22. Failures: 1. First Launch Date: 1975-12-04. Last Launch Date: 1989-11-20. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 11.90 m (39.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x HJ Nike Nike-3. Gross Mass: 599 kg (1,320 lb). Empty Mass: 256 kg (564 lb). Motor: 1 x M5E1. Thrust (vac): 195.600 kN (43,973 lbf). Burn time: 3.40 sec. Length: 3.60 m (11.80 ft). Diameter: 0.42 m (1.37 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 8C. Status: Active.

Launches: 92. Failures: 2. Success Rate: 97.83%. First Launch Date: 1976-11-17. Last Launch Date: 2004-09-17. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 11.90 m (39.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x HJ Nike Nike-3. Gross Mass: 599 kg (1,320 lb). Empty Mass: 256 kg (564 lb). Motor: 1 x M5E1. Thrust (vac): 195.600 kN (43,973 lbf). Burn time: 3.40 sec. Length: 3.60 m (11.80 ft). Diameter: 0.42 m (1.37 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 9.
Black Brant
Status: Active.

Two stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Terrier Mk 70 + 1 x Black Brant VB

Launches: 196. Failures: 4. Success Rate: 97.96%. First Launch Date: 1982-03-16. Last Launch Date: 2007-11-06. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 2,200 kg (4,800 lb). Core Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Total Length: 12.20 m (40.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Black Brant X-1. Gross Mass: 900 kg (1,980 lb). Empty Mass: 322 kg (709 lb). Motor: 1 x X-256. Thrust (vac): 257.500 kN (57,888 lbf). Burn time: 4.40 sec. Length: 3.90 m (12.70 ft). Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 9B. Status: Retired 1998.

Launches: 5. First Launch Date: 1983-08-08. Last Launch Date: 1998-04-28. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 2,200 kg (4,800 lb). Core Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Total Length: 12.20 m (40.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Black Brant X-1. Gross Mass: 900 kg (1,980 lb). Empty Mass: 322 kg (709 lb). Motor: 1 x X-256. Thrust (vac): 257.500 kN (57,888 lbf). Burn time: 4.40 sec. Length: 3.90 m (12.70 ft). Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 9BM1. Status: Retired 1992.

Launches: 1. First Launch Date: 1992-04-09. Last Launch Date: 1992-04-09. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 2,200 kg (4,800 lb). Core Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Total Length: 12.20 m (40.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Terrier Mk 70 Oriole-1. Gross Mass: 1,038 kg (2,288 lb). Empty Mass: 290 kg (630 lb). Motor: 1 x TX-664-4. Burn time: 6.20 sec. Length: 3.94 m (12.92 ft). Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 9CM1. Status: Active.

Launches: 24. Failures: 2. First Launch Date: 1989-03-29. Last Launch Date: 2001-02-09. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 2,200 kg (4,800 lb). Core Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Total Length: 12.20 m (40.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Terrier Mk 70 Oriole-1. Gross Mass: 1,038 kg (2,288 lb). Empty Mass: 290 kg (630 lb). Motor: 1 x TX-664-4. Burn time: 6.20 sec. Length: 3.94 m (12.92 ft). Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 10.
Black Brant
Status: Active.

Three stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Terrier + 1 x Black Brant VB or VC + 1 x Nihka. Payload 90 kg to 1,200 km or 317 kg to 550 km.

The Black Brant X rocket system was a three-stage system, and unique because the third stage motor was ignited once the vehicle system reached exoatmospheric conditions. The first stage booster consisted of a Terrier MK 12 Mod 1 rocket motor with four 0.22 square meter fin panels arranged in a cruciform configuration. The finless third stage was the Nihka rocket motor, developed specifically for the Black Brant X rocket system by Bristol Aerospace. The standard payload configuration for the Black Brant X vehicle was 44 cm in diameter with a 3:1 ogive nose shape. Payload length and weight limits for the Black Brant X were the same as the Black Brant V. Standard hardware systems available for Black Brant V motors included aft recovery systems, payload separation systems (including High Velocity Separation System) and despin systems. These units were modular "stackable" so that a great deal of flexibility existed in meeting experiment requirements.

Launches: 30. Failures: 1. Success Rate: 96.67%. First Launch Date: 1981-08-14. Last Launch Date: 2007-02-14. Apogee: 900 km (550 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 257.000 kN (57,775 lbf). Total Mass: 2,600 kg (5,700 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 14.50 m (47.50 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Black Brant X-1. Gross Mass: 900 kg (1,980 lb). Empty Mass: 322 kg (709 lb). Motor: 1 x X-256. Thrust (vac): 257.500 kN (57,888 lbf). Burn time: 4.40 sec. Length: 3.90 m (12.70 ft). Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage3: 1 x 17KS12000. Gross Mass: 399 kg (879 lb). Empty Mass: 70 kg (154 lb). Motor: 1 x Nihka. Thrust (vac): 50.500 kN (11,353 lbf). Burn time: 17 sec. Length: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 10B. Status: Retired 1989.

Launches: 4. First Launch Date: 1985-02-15. Last Launch Date: 1989-04-11. Apogee: 900 km (550 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 2,600 kg (5,700 lb). Core Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Total Length: 14.50 m (47.50 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Black Brant X-1. Gross Mass: 900 kg (1,980 lb). Empty Mass: 322 kg (709 lb). Motor: 1 x X-256. Thrust (vac): 257.500 kN (57,888 lbf). Burn time: 4.40 sec. Length: 3.90 m (12.70 ft). Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage3: 1 x 17KS12000. Gross Mass: 399 kg (879 lb). Empty Mass: 70 kg (154 lb). Motor: 1 x Nihka. Thrust (vac): 50.500 kN (11,353 lbf). Burn time: 17 sec. Length: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 10CM1. Status: Active.

Launches: 7. First Launch Date: 1990-02-23. Last Launch Date: 2004-01-22. Apogee: 900 km (550 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 2,600 kg (5,700 lb). Core Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Total Length: 14.50 m (47.50 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Terrier Mk 70 Oriole-1. Gross Mass: 1,038 kg (2,288 lb). Empty Mass: 290 kg (630 lb). Motor: 1 x TX-664-4. Burn time: 6.20 sec. Length: 3.94 m (12.92 ft). Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage3: 1 x 17KS12000. Gross Mass: 399 kg (879 lb). Empty Mass: 70 kg (154 lb). Motor: 1 x Nihka. Thrust (vac): 50.500 kN (11,353 lbf). Burn time: 17 sec. Length: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 11. Status: Active.

Three stage vehicle. Payload weights of 320 kg to 500 km or 550 kg to 350 km altitude.

The Black Brant XI rocket system was a three stage system used primarily to carry heavy payloads to high altitudes. Its development was a spin-off of the Black Brant XII development. The first and second stages were the Mk 11 Mod 5 Talos rocket motor and the Taurus motor. The third stage was a modified Black Brant VC motor. The Black Brant nozzle was extended for exoatmospheric use and the tail cone was changed to enclose the nozzle. The aft end of the tail cone had a restraining device to keep the Taurus and Black Brant connected during second stage coasting. This motor configuration made up the first three stages of the Black Brant XII.

The standard payload configuration for the Black Brant XI vehicle was 0.44 cm in diameter with a 3:1 ogive nose shape.

Launches: 5. First Launch Date: 1990-02-01. Last Launch Date: 2006-09-23. Apogee: 1,400 km (800 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 5,300 kg (11,600 lb). Core Diameter: 0.76 m (2.49 ft). Total Length: 17.00 m (55.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Talos-1. Gross Mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Motor: 1 x Talos Mk 11 Mod 2. Thrust (vac): 516.000 kN (116,001 lbf). Burn time: 5.20 sec. Length: 3.40 m (11.10 ft). Diameter: 0.76 m (2.49 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x Taurus Nike Tomahawk-1. Gross Mass: 1,363 kg (3,004 lb). Empty Mass: 602 kg (1,327 lb). Motor: 1 x Taurus. Thrust (vac): 457.000 kN (102,737 lbf). Burn time: 3.50 sec. Length: 4.19 m (13.74 ft). Diameter: 0.58 m (1.90 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage3: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 12. Status: Active.

The Black Brant XII rocket system was a four stage system used primarily to carry a variety of payloads to high altitudes. Its development is a spin-off of the Black Brant X development. Four stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Talos + 1 x Taurus + 1 x Black Brant VB + 1 x Nihka. Payload 136 kg to 1,500 km or 522 kg to 500 km.

Launches: 23. Failures: 2. First Launch Date: 1988-09-30. Last Launch Date: 2007-12-10. Apogee: 1,500 km (900 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 5,300 kg (11,600 lb). Core Diameter: 0.76 m (2.49 ft). Total Length: 17.00 m (55.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Talos-1. Gross Mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Motor: 1 x Talos Mk 11 Mod 2. Thrust (vac): 516.000 kN (116,001 lbf). Burn time: 5.20 sec. Length: 3.40 m (11.10 ft). Diameter: 0.76 m (2.49 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x Taurus Nike Tomahawk-1. Gross Mass: 1,363 kg (3,004 lb). Empty Mass: 602 kg (1,327 lb). Motor: 1 x Taurus. Thrust (vac): 457.000 kN (102,737 lbf). Burn time: 3.50 sec. Length: 4.19 m (13.74 ft). Diameter: 0.58 m (1.90 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage3: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage4: 1 x 17KS12000. Gross Mass: 399 kg (879 lb). Empty Mass: 70 kg (154 lb). Motor: 1 x Nihka. Thrust (vac): 50.500 kN (11,353 lbf). Burn time: 17 sec. Length: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Black Brant Chronology

1959 September 5 - 15:27 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-01 PTV-1 test Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1959 September 5 - 22:24 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-02 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi).

1959 September 8 - 15:14 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-03 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1959 September 10 - 21:48 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-04 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 127 km (78 mi).

1960 May 18 - 21:04 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-05 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 89 km (55 mi).

1960 May 24 - 17:44 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-06 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 171 km (106 mi).

1960 May 28 - 18:27 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-07 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 177 km (109 mi).

1960 September 23 - 06:40 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-08 NO2 seeding Aeronomy mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1960 September 30 - 06:17 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-09 NO2 seeding Aeronomy mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1960 October 8 - 14:45 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-11 DRTE-04 Type II aurora Aurora mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi).

1960 October 12 - 16:37 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CC-2A-13 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 196 km (121 mi).

1960 October 12 - 21:27 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CC-2A-14 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 216 km (134 mi).

1960 October 20 - 19:50 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-10 DRTE-03 Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DRTE. Apogee: 137 km (85 mi).

1960 October 28 - 12:21 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-12 DRTE-05 Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DRTE. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1961 December 2 - Wallops Island -. Black Brant launches from Wallops Island announced. Twelve Canadian Black Brant rockets for upper-atmosphere research were to be launched from NASA's Wallops Station, Virginia, as the Canadian Defence Research Board shifted the firing site from Fort Churchill because a fire largely destroyed the Canadian facilities. Capable of carrying a 150-pound payload to an altitude of 150 miles, Black Brants were to be fired from Wallops at the rate of two in December 1961, two in February 1962, six in April 1962, and two in May 1962.

1962 June 15 - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AA-3-2 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: DRE/V?. Apogee: 92 km (57 mi).

1962 June 15 - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AA-3-1 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: DRE/V?. Apogee: 98 km (60 mi).

1962 June 19 - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AA-3-3 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: DRE/V?. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1962 June 28 - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AA-3-4 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: DRE/V?. Apogee: 13 km (8 mi).

1962 December 13 - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AA-3-6 Test mission Agency: DRE/V?. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi).

1962 December 13 - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AA-3-5 Test mission Agency: DRE/V?. Apogee: 98 km (60 mi).

1963 March 21 - 03:53 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I CC-1-28 NO2 seeding Aeronomy mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

1963 March 25 - 03:17 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I CC-1-38 NO2 seeding Aeronomy mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1963 April 6 - 04:03 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I AD-1-26 Ionosphere / fields Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 144 km (89 mi).

1963 April 6 - 07:25 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I AD-1-23 Aurora / ionosphere / fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1963 May 7 - 20:30 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II BB-2A-22 Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 139 km (86 mi).

1963 June 11 - 05:06 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II BB-2A-21 Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi).

1963 June 24 - 19:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CC-2A-18 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 171 km (106 mi).

1963 June 24 - 23:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CC-2A-17 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 162 km (100 mi).

1963 July 1 - Vandenberg LC-A. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AA-3-7? Test mission Agency: USN. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1963 July 20 - 21:05 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA AB17.199 Operation Probe High Eclipse mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 143 km (88 mi).

1963 July 26 - 21:19 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA AC17.61 D region e density Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 143 km (88 mi).

1963 October 14 - 05:34 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II BB-2A-20 Ionosphere / aurora mission Agency: DRTE. Apogee: 145 km (90 mi).

1963 October 18 - 09:20 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CC-2A-39 NO2 release Aeronomy mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1963 October 26 - 02:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CC-2A-19 Ionosphere / aurora mission Agency: DRTE. Apogee: 145 km (90 mi).

1963 October 29 - 02:53 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CC-2A-40 NO2 release Aeronomy mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1963 November 7 - Vandenberg LC-A. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AA-3-8? Test mission Agency: USN. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi).

1964 January 9 - 05:22 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2-41 Auroral particles Aurora / ionosphere / micrometeorites mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi).

1964 January 14 - 06:05 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2-25 Auroral particles Aurora / ionosphere / micrometeorites mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi).

1964 January 17 - 07:21 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AD-2-42 Aurora / ionosphere / micrometeorites mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1964 January 20 - 18:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CC-2A-29 Fin test Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 204 km (126 mi).

1964 January 20 - 21:15 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CC-2A-30 Fin test Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 204 km (126 mi).

1964 April 7 - 05:29 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2A-43 Auroral particles Aurora / ionosphere / micrometeorites mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi).

1964 April 8 - 07:47 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AD-2A-44 Auroral study Apr9? Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 154 km (95 mi).

1964 April 16 - 07:16 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AD-2A-36 Ionosphere / particles / micrometeorite mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 152 km (94 mi).

1964 April 17 - 00:44 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA AF-VA-35/03 Daytime ne Test / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 172 km (106 mi).

1964 April 21 - 23:56 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III FF-3-09 Test mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1964 June 24 - 20:34 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA FF-4-01 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 1.00 km (0.60 mi).

1964 July 2 - 21:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA FF-4-02 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 1.00 km (0.60 mi).

1964 September 8 - 03:43 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AK-2A-59 FAILURE: Failure. Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1964 September 15 - 06:59 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AD-2A-58 Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 166 km (103 mi).

1964 October 6 - 20:20 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2B . Black Brant IIB CC-2B-49 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 211 km (131 mi).

1964 October 7 - 18:35 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2B . Black Brant IIB CC-2B-61 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 213 km (132 mi).

1964 October 27 - 16:57 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AC17.606 D region Ionosphere mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 149 km (92 mi).

1964 November 27 - 08:02 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2A-37 Test/Aeronomy/Ionosphere/Chemical release mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi).

1965 January 22 - 21:46 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA FF-4-03 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 670 km (410 mi).

1965 January 23 - 18:15 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA FF-4-04 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 735 km (456 mi).

1965 January 25 - 16:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2B . Black Brant IIB CC-2B-48 Test mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi).

1965 January 25 - 20:53 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2B . Black Brant IIB CC-2B-56 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1965 March 17 - 21:30 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AE-2A-24 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 153 km (95 mi).

1965 March 19 - 06:24 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2A-52 Fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 168 km (104 mi).

1965 March 24 - 06:40 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2A-53 Fields mission (date may be 23 March) Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 166 km (103 mi).

1965 March 25 - 05:34 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2A-60 or Mar 24 Ionosphere / micrometeorite mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi).

1965 April 22 - 05:14 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AA-3-11 Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 136 km (84 mi).

1965 May 27 - 23:56 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II BB-2A-51 FAILURE: Failure. Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 27 km (16 mi).

1965 June 2 - 14:19 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II BB-2A-50 Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1965 June 12 - 19:14 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB FF-VB-01 Test mission Agency: BAL. Apogee: 378 km (234 mi).

1965 June 18 - 16:12 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB FF-VB-02 Test mission Agency: BAL. Apogee: 364 km (226 mi).

1965 September 16 - 23:05 GMT - Eglin -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB VB-03 CRL AE18.315 test Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 344 km (213 mi).

1965 December 8 - 13:21 GMT - Eglin -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III NC7.179 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1966 February 21 - 13:10 GMT - Eglin -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III NC7.181 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 175 km (108 mi).

1966 February 21 - 19:57 GMT - Eglin -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III NC7.180 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 188 km (116 mi).

1966 February 21 - 20:23 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III NC7.178 O2 density Aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 196 km (121 mi).

1966 March 26 - 07:07 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2A-103 Aurora / solar ultraviolet mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 153 km (95 mi).

1966 March 30 - 04:19 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AK-2A-104 Aurora / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 154 km (95 mi).

1966 July 19 - 05:00 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AKF-3-16 Ionosphere / solar x-rays mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1966 July 21 - 03:27 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AKF-3-15 Ionosphere / chemical release mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1966 August 17 - 03:39 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB ALF-VB-08 MPE Barium release Aeronomy / Barium release mission Agency: MPI. Apogee: 390 km (240 mi).

1966 August 19 - 07:44 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB ALF-VB-09 MPE Barium release Aeronomy / Barium release mission Agency: MPI. Apogee: 391 km (242 mi).

1966 August 26 - 20:30 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AAF-3-13 Test / aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi).

1966 September 28 - 18:16 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CRL AC17.604D Ionosphere mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi).

1966 November 19 - 00:10 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AAD-2A-106 Hydrogen line emission Aurora / ionosphere / fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 144 km (89 mi).

1966 November 29 - 06:01 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AAF-3-12 Plasma / fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi).

1966 November 29 - 06:08 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AAF-4-05 CR / ne probe Plasma / fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 800 km (490 mi).

1966 December 12 - 19:19 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ALF-3-18 Neutral density Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 137 km (85 mi).

1966 December 13 - 08:37 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA AAD-VA-107 FAILURE: Failure. Geminids Aurora / ionosphere / meteorology mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 48 km (29 mi).

1966 December 15 - 15:32 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AAF-4-08 Test mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 871 km (541 mi).

1966 December 15 - 21:32 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AAF-4-07 Test mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 871 km (541 mi).

1967 January 21 - 06:38 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2-105 Aurora / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi).

1967 January 22 - 18:47 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2-102 Aurora / ionosphere / meteorology mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 129 km (80 mi).

1967 February 4 - 05:21 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2-101 Recovery test / Ionosphere Aurora / ionosphere / meteorology mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 183 km (113 mi).

1967 April 26 - 04:15 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AFF-VB-06 Test / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 396 km (246 mi).

1967 April 27 - 04:10 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AFF-VB-07 Test / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 398 km (247 mi).

1967 May 5 - 04:26 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAD-VB-10 Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 361 km (224 mi).

1967 July 4 - 23:35 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ALF-3-19 Mass spectrometer Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 131 km (81 mi).

1967 July 5 - 02:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ALF-3-20 Mass spectrometer Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 151 km (93 mi).

1967 July 12 - 00:23 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADF-3-24 O2 profile Airglow infrared mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 95 km (59 mi).

1967 July 12 - 11:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADF-3-25 O2 profile Airglow infrared mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 95 km (59 mi).

1967 August 3 - 07:36 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB ALF-VB-12 MPE Barium release Magnetosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 448 km (278 mi).

1967 August 6 - 04:04 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB ALF-VB-13 MPE Barium release Magnetosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 287 km (178 mi).

1967 September 28 - 16:35 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA AFF-VA-119 Test / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi).

1967 October 5 - 04:11 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA AFF-VA-120 Test / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 182 km (113 mi).

1967 October 20 - 10:49 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AKF-3-26 Ionosphere / x-ray astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1967 October 22 - 09:42 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AKF-3-27 Ionosphere/Solar X-ray/X-ray Astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 156 km (96 mi).

1967 December 6 - 16:21 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL AF17.750D Particles Ionosphere mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 137 km (85 mi).

1968 January 19 - 02:24 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AAF-2-108 Te / ne Aeronomy / ionosphere / Fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 142 km (88 mi).

1968 January 22 - 03:04 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB ADD-VB-11 Hbeta / ne Aurora / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 377 km (234 mi).

1968 January 23 - 05:58 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II ADD-2-109/ADD-VB-109 Fields / Ionosphere / Micrometeorites Aurora / ionosphere / fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 151 km (93 mi).

1968 January 30 - 05:03 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AKD-2A-111 Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 161 km (100 mi).

1968 March 27 - 04:40 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAF-VB-04 Auroral fluxes Aurora / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 290 km (180 mi).

1968 April 3 - 13:48 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAF-VB-05 Auroral fluxes Aurora / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 316 km (196 mi).

1968 April 6 - 02:45 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AKF-4-10 Calgary CR / ionos Ionosphere / chemical release mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 862 km (535 mi).

1968 April 16 - 03:58 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AKD-2A-113 Auroral breakup Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi).

1968 April 18 - 05:42 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AKD-2A-110 Auroral breakup Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 152 km (94 mi).

1968 April 18 - 06:14 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AKD-2A-112 Auroral breakup Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi).

1968 April 23 - 04:47 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AMF-2A-116 FAILURE: Failure. Auroral spectrum Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 21 km (13 mi).

1968 April 23 - 04:47 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AMF-2A-115 dup for 116? Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 337 km (209 mi).

1968 May 7 - 05:10 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA NASA 19.04II Isis test / ionosphere mission Agency: NASA/DRTE. Apogee: 820 km (500 mi).

1968 June 10 - 15:49 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL AH17.751D FAILURE: Failure. D region protons Ionosphere mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 112 km (69 mi).

1968 June 11 - 23:30 GMT - Natal -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA NASA 19.01NE SAAP Magnetospheric mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 790 km (490 mi).

1968 August 2 - 06:19 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB ADD-VB-18 Aeronomy / ionosphere / Fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 284 km (176 mi).

1968 October 8 - 05:07 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AKF-3-40 X-ray astronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 153 km (95 mi).

1968 October 9 - 03:20 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AKF-3-39 Ionosphere / chemical release / solar x-ray mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1968 October 31 - 20:56 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADF-3-31 PCA Ionos Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1968 November 1 - 03:31 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADF-3-33 PCA Ionos Aeronomy / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 138 km (85 mi).

1968 November 19 - 01:38 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III K-BB/III-14 DLR K-BB3-14 Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 167 km (103 mi).

1968 November 19 - 01:39 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II BB-2 Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 167 km (103 mi).

1968 November 19 - 04:29 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADF-3-32 FAILURE: Failure. Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 288 km (178 mi).

1968 November 19 - 08:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL AG17.757 PCA D-region Plasma mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 129 km (80 mi).

1968 December 3 - 19:30 GMT - Natal -. DLR N-BB4 Magnetospheric mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 700 km (430 mi).

1968 December 3 - 21:58 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III K-BB/III-16 DLR K-BB3-16 Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi).

1968 December 4 - 17:51 GMT - Natal -. FAILURE: Failure. Aeronomy mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 600 km (370 mi).

1968 December 4 - 18:12 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA ALF-IV-12 FAILURE: Failure. Mass spectrometer Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1968 December 4 - 19:06 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ALF-3-17 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 158 km (98 mi).

1968 December 4 - 22:26 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III K-BB/III-15 DLR K-BB3-15 Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi).

1968 December 13 - 09:45 GMT - Fort Churchill LC7. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AAF-2-125 Geminids Ionosphere / meteorites mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 143 km (88 mi).

1968 December 18 - 11:38 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AKD-VB-21 Calgary auroral Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 363 km (225 mi).

1969 January 14 - 05:25 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AAF-4-17 FAILURE: Failure. Aeronomy / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 99 km (61 mi).

1969 January 28 - 07:16 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AEF-2-118 N2, temperature profile Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 149 km (92 mi).

1969 February 13 - 23:11 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AMF-2-46 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 265 km (164 mi).

1969 February 19 - 04:17 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AMF-2-117 VUV auroral spectrum Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 124 km (77 mi).

1969 February 28 - 18:57 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB NASA 12.04GT Test mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 215 km (133 mi).

1969 March 6 - 06:14 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AAD-4-16 Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 791 km (491 mi).

1969 March 10 - 04:40 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AKD-VB-20 Aurora / ionosphere / solar mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 362 km (224 mi).

1969 March 11 - 03:33 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAF-VB-22 Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 141 km (87 mi).

1969 March 29 - 00:41 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADF-3-37 O2 infrared profile Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 108 km (67 mi).

1969 March 29 - 11:58 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADF-3-38 O2 infrared profile Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi).

1969 April 1 - 04:38 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB ADD-VB-23 VUV auroral Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 372 km (231 mi).

1969 April 12 - 19:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADF-3-29 FAILURE: Failure. Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 26 km (16 mi).

1969 May 1 - 20:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AHF-4-14 Electron content Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 760 km (470 mi).

1969 May 1 - 20:26 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB NASA 12.15GT Test mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 215 km (133 mi).

1969 May 7 - 14:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AHF-4-15 Electron content Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 820 km (500 mi).

1969 June 15 - 14:05 GMT - Natal -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA CRL A16.010-01 VLF Propagation Ionosphere mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 582 km (361 mi).

1969 September 6 - 14:10 GMT - Natal -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA CRL A16.010-02 VLF Propagation Ionosphere mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 623 km (387 mi).

1969 September 11 - 01:07 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AAD-2-122 Aeronomy / ionosphere / meteorites mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 137 km (85 mi).

1969 September 12 - 01:02 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AAD-2-123 Aeronomy / ionosphere / meteorites mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 138 km (85 mi).

1969 September 19 - 03:15 GMT - Natal -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA NASA 19.05NE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 856 km (531 mi).

1969 October 25 - 06:00 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB AKF-3B-50 Soft X-ray survey X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 192 km (119 mi).

1969 October 26 - 06:40 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB AAF-3B-51 Soft X-ray survey X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 197 km (122 mi).

1969 November 2 - 20:20 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL AJ17.602 Polar Cap U-2 Plasma mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1969 November 3 - 06:05 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL AJ17.758 Polar Cap U-1 Plasma mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 126 km (78 mi).

1969 November 3 - 10:28 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB AAF-3B-48 Aurora / chemical release mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

1969 November 3 - 13:52 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL AJ17.616 Polar Cap U-5 Plasma mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 113 km (70 mi).

1969 November 3 - 17:11 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL A17.906-1 Polar Ionosphere Ionosphere mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 126 km (78 mi).

1969 November 3 - 22:45 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL AJ17.611 Polar Cap U-3 Plasma mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 82 km (50 mi).

1969 November 4 - 23:08 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL AJ17.617 Polar Cap U-6 Plasma mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 126 km (78 mi).

1969 November 5 - 11:18 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB AAF-3B-49 Aurora / chemical release mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

1969 November 8 - 07:30 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NRL NF9.207 Infrared astronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 189 km (117 mi).

1969 December 3 - 18:42 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AMF-3-47 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1969 December 3 - 23:12 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AMF-3-46 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi).

1969 December 15 - 02:27 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AAF-4-20 Auroral particles Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 774 km (480 mi).

1970 January 14 - 04:41 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAF-VB-29 Auroral lower elevatuib Ionosphere / plasma / meteor mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 128 km (79 mi).

1970 February 2 - 23:07 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA A-BBVA-23 DLR A-BBV-23 Synove Aeronomy / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 202 km (125 mi).

1970 February 14 - 03:26 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA A-BBVA-24 DLR A-BBV-24 Monica Aeronomy / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi).

1970 February 14 - 05:01 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA A-BBVA-25 DLR A-BBV-25 Evelyn Aeronomy / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 223 km (138 mi).

1970 February 24 - 07:19 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AAD-4-23 VLF / Particles Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 796 km (494 mi).

1970 March 6 - 02:12 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA A-BBVA-27 DLR A-BBV-27 Chr'ine Aeronomy / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 217 km (134 mi).

1970 March 7 - 17:40 GMT - East Quoddy -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AAF-3A-42 Eclipse solar ultraviolet and x-rays mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 152 km (94 mi).

1970 March 7 - 18:55 GMT - East Quoddy -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AAF-3A-43 Eclipse solar ultraviolet and x-rays mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 156 km (96 mi).

1970 March 7 - 18:57 GMT - East Quoddy -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AAF-3A-44 Eclipse solar ultraviolet and x-rays mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 156 km (96 mi).

1970 March 7 - 19:03 GMT - East Quoddy -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AAF-3A-45 Eclipse solar ultraviolet and x-rays mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 156 km (96 mi).

1970 March 8 - 02:03 GMT - Andoya -. DLR A-BBV-26 Inger Aeronomy / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 161 km (100 mi).

1970 March 15 - 13:35 GMT - Andoya -. DLR A-BB4-28 Eva Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 650 km (400 mi).

1970 March 18 - 02:45 GMT - Andoya -. DLR A-BB4-29 Gerda Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 665 km (413 mi).

1970 April 4 - 16:28 GMT - Eglin -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC CRL A18.903-3 Extreme ultraviolet Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 354 km (219 mi).

1970 April 22 - 08:11 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AEF-2-121 FAILURE: Failure. Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1970 April 24 - 00:52 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AMD-VB-25 Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 288 km (178 mi).

1970 August 16 - 03:56 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAD-VB-31 E fields Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 260 km (160 mi).

1970 August 21 - 01:17 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA CRL A16.010-03 FAILURE: Failure. Propagation Ionosphere mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 56 km (34 mi).

1970 September 25 - 03:10 GMT - Natal -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA NASA 19.02NE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 600 km (370 mi).

1970 September 29 - 03:00 GMT - Natal -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA NASA 19.03NE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 600 km (370 mi).

1970 December 7 - 21:34 GMT - Natal -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AKF-4A-19 Twilight airglow Aeronomy / x-ray astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 770 km (470 mi).

1970 December 14 - 10:02 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAD-VB-30 Geminids Ionosphere / meteorites mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1970 December 15 - 19:40 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS-001 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 30 km (18 mi).

1970 December 16 - 15:44 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS-002 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 30 km (18 mi).

1970 December 16 - 17:15 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS-003 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 30 km (18 mi).

1970 December 16 - 20:26 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS-004 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 30 km (18 mi).

1971 January 13 - 20:10 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II ADD-2-124 O2 profile Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 146 km (90 mi).

1971 January 21 - 02:32 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AKD-VB-27 Auroral Aurora / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 258 km (160 mi).

1971 January 23 - 04:44 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB ADD-VB-24 Auroral VUV Aurora / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 375 km (233 mi).

1971 January 26 - 17:23 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AMD-VB-26 Airglow Ionosphere / solar mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 282 km (175 mi).

1971 February 5 - 22:46 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AKF-4B-24 Impedance dipole Aurora / ionosphere / meteorology mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 784 km (487 mi).

1971 February 20 - 03:23 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AKF-4A-18 Auroral emissions Aurora / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 785 km (487 mi).

1971 February 25 - 01:13 GMT - Wallops Island -. Airglow Aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 275 km (170 mi).

1971 February 28 - 07:53 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AND-3-41 Microwave background Submillimeter radio astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 152 km (94 mi).

1971 March 3 - 06:52 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAF-VB-32 Electrons / ions Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 275 km (170 mi).

1971 March 20 - 07:53 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AHF-2-115 Auroral VUV Test / aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 151 km (93 mi).

1971 March 24 - 05:26 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC CRL A18.006-3 Airglow / Auroral infrared Aeronomy mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 366 km (227 mi).

1971 April 26 - 15:35 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-006 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 29 km (18 mi).

1971 April 26 - 17:02 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-005 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 29 km (18 mi).

1971 April 26 - 18:06 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-008 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 37 km (22 mi).

1971 April 26 - 19:33 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-009 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 36 km (22 mi).

1971 April 26 - 20:44 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-007 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 32 km (19 mi).

1971 May 5 - 14:43 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-010 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 38 km (23 mi).

1971 May 5 - 15:46 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-011 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 36 km (22 mi).

1971 May 5 - 16:45 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-012 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 38 km (23 mi).

1971 May 5 - 17:17 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-013 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 34 km (21 mi).

1971 May 5 - 18:25 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-014 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 35 km (21 mi).

1971 May 5 - 18:56 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-015 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 35 km (21 mi).

1971 May 5 - 19:24 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-016 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 35 km (21 mi).

1971 June 7 - 19:35 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA CRL A16.108-1 VLF Propagation Ionosphere VLF mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 800 km (490 mi).

1971 July 21 - 16:00 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.04GT FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 174 km (108 mi).

1971 September 4 - 13:52 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB NASA 22.01UE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1971 September 5 - 13:44 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III NASA 22.02UE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1972 January 15 - 05:37 GMT - Gillam -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB AAF-3B-53 Auroral mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 190 km (110 mi).

1972 January 15 - 06:01 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAF-VB-33 Not in FC Aeronomy / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1972 January 15 - 06:04 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AAF-4B-25 Not in FC Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 800 km (490 mi).

1972 January 27 - 15:39 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-064 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 38 km (23 mi).

1972 January 27 - 18:16 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.06GT MSFC RR-1 Microgravity mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 232 km (144 mi).

1972 January 27 - 18:32 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-065 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 34 km (21 mi).

1972 January 27 - 19:36 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-056 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 34 km (21 mi).

1972 January 27 - 21:48 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-052 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 40 km (24 mi).

1972 February 3 - 13:55 GMT - Natal -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC N-BB/V-42 DLR N-BBV-42 Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1972 February 8 - 09:45 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADD-3A-54 Infrared airglow profile Aeronomy / ionosphere / infrared astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 121 km (75 mi).

1972 February 14 - Fort Churchill -. Not in FC Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 309 km (192 mi).

1972 February 15 - 03:48 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II ADD-2-114 Auroral VUV Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 133 km (82 mi).

1972 March 8 - 10:32 GMT - Natal -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC N-BB/V-41 DLR N-BBV-41 Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 223 km (138 mi).

1972 March 16 - 10:16 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL A17.110-3 ICECAP 72 Plasma / infrared aeronomy mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 145 km (90 mi).

1972 March 21 - 08:37 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AMF-3A-52 Oxygen recombination Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 119 km (73 mi).

1972 March 24 - 09:44 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AED-VB-28 Nightglow Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 193 km (119 mi).

1972 April 5 - 05:46 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC CRL A18.109-1 E Field / Particles Plasma / aurora mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 247 km (153 mi).

1972 May 17 - 07:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB APF-4B-26 X-ray survey X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 660 km (410 mi).

1972 May 31 - 22:25 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.01US Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 207 km (128 mi).

1972 June 9 - 05:25 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.08UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 255 km (158 mi).

1972 July 10 - 11:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADD-3A-55 Aeronomy / Solar Eclipse mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 106 km (65 mi).

1972 July 10 - 19:19 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADD-3A-56 Aeronomy / Solar Eclipse mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi).

1972 July 10 - 19:50 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADD-3A-57 Aeronomy / Solar Eclipse mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 166 km (103 mi).

1972 July 10 - 20:26 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADD-3A-58 Aeronomy / Solar Eclipse mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 103 km (64 mi).

1972 July 10 - 20:29 GMT - East Quoddy -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADD-3A-59 Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 143 km (88 mi).

1972 July 10 - 21:32 GMT - East Quoddy -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADD-3A-60 Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 148 km (91 mi).

1972 July 10 - 21:39 GMT - East Quoddy -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADD-3A-61 Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 144 km (89 mi).

1972 July 10 - 21:41 GMT - East Quoddy -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADD-3A-62 Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 152 km (94 mi).

1972 July 12 - 19:07 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS FP-019 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 71 km (44 mi).

1972 July 12 - 20:52 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS FP-020 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 72 km (44 mi).

1972 July 12 - 22:30 GMT - Fort Churchill -. FAILURE: Failure. MDSS FP-022 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 14 km (8 mi).

1972 July 12 - 23:35 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS FP-021 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 67 km (41 mi).

1972 July 13 - 00:13 GMT - Fort Churchill -. FAILURE: Failure. MDSS FP-023 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 7.00 km (4.30 mi).

1972 July 13 - 00:46 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS FP-025 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 77 km (47 mi).

1972 July 13 - 18:54 GMT - Fort Churchill -. FAILURE: Failure. MDSS FP-028 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1972 July 13 - 19:52 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS FP-029 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 73 km (45 mi).

1972 July 13 - 21:34 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS FP-027 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 76 km (47 mi).

1972 July 13 - 23:30 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS FP-026 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 74 km (45 mi).

1972 July 14 - 14:53 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS FP-024 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 78 km (48 mi).

1972 July 15 - 17:12 GMT - Eglin -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB CRL A18.903-4 FAILURE: Failure. RM-52 extreme ultraviolet Aeronomy / solar ultraviolet mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 7.00 km (4.30 mi).

1972 September 24 - 14:05 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL A17.110-2 Auroral D / E region Ionosphere mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 127 km (78 mi).

1972 September 25 - 02:40 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.05UE ECHO II Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 256 km (159 mi).

1972 September 25 - 19:24 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL A17.110-1 Auroral D / E region Ionosphere mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 126 km (78 mi).

1972 October 11 - 03:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA NRL NF9.250 Auroral infrared Aurora mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 144 km (89 mi).

1972 October 24 - 17:20 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.20GT CALROC test Agency: NASA. Apogee: 282 km (175 mi).

1972 November 2 - 04:27 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.02UI Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 237 km (147 mi).

1972 December 1 - 01:23 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB AND-3B-63 Microwave background Submillimeter radio astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 185 km (114 mi).

1972 December 5 - 07:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC CRL A18.006-5 Auroral infrared Aeronomy mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 194 km (120 mi).

1973 January 22 - 23:10 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.09GT-US Aeronomy / solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 277 km (172 mi).

1973 January 29 - 05:02 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AAF-4B-27 Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 760 km (470 mi).

1973 February 1 - 14:33 GMT - Natal -. DLR N-BBVC-52 Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 308 km (191 mi).

1973 February 2 - 06:15 GMT - Gillam -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB AAF-3B-67 Auroral mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

1973 February 2 - 06:20 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAF-VB-36 Auroral substorm Aurora / aeronomy / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 335 km (208 mi).

1973 February 3 - Natal -. DLR N-BBVC-50? Aeronomy mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 97 km (60 mi).

1973 February 7 - 14:09 GMT - Natal -. DLR N-BBVC-54 Aeronomy mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 211 km (131 mi).

1973 February 9 - 02:53 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AAF-4B-28 Aeronomy / plasma / aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 760 km (470 mi).

1973 February 9 - 04:08 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.16UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 216 km (134 mi).

1973 February 15 - 02:16 GMT - Natal -. DLR N-BBVC-53 Aeronomy mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 315 km (195 mi).

1973 February 22 - 03:49 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB AAD-3B-64 Auroral plasma Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 207 km (128 mi).

1973 February 24 - 07:20 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB AAD-3B-65 Auroral plasma Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 190 km (110 mi).

1973 February 26 - 03:23 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II ADD-2-127 Auroral VUV Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 132 km (82 mi).

1973 March 22 - 12:12 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC CRL A18.006-2 Auroral mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 183 km (113 mi).

1973 March 27 - 09:37 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC CRL A18.205-1 Ionosphere mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 181 km (112 mi).

1973 April 3 - 17:20 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.11DS-NP Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 245 km (152 mi).

1973 May 12 - 12:41 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC A-BBVC-51 DLR A-BBVC-51 Erna Aeronomy /ionosphere mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 305 km (189 mi).

1973 May 16 - 09:19 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAF-VB-37 Tower modification test / aeronomy / ionosphere / solar mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 301 km (187 mi).

1973 May 16 - 11:06 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 6 . Black Brant VI AAF-VI-01 Dust collector Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 78 km (48 mi).

1973 May 18 - 16:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.19US-GT Test / aeronomy / solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 267 km (165 mi).

1973 June 4 - 17:10 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.21NP-US FAILURE: Failure. CALROC 1 Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 132 km (82 mi).

1973 June 13 - 17:38 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.12DS-NP Solar Ultraviolet/Solar X-ray mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 241 km (149 mi).

1973 June 21 - 10:30 GMT - Barking Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB APF-4B-30 Galactic X-rays X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 686 km (426 mi).

1973 July 4 - 03:27 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC A-BBVC-49 DLR A-BBVC-49 Barbara Aeronomy /ionosphere mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 260 km (160 mi).

1973 August 9 - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB NASA 19.07GT Test mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1973 August 9 - 17:30 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.22NP-US CALROC 2 Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 269 km (167 mi).

1973 August 9 - 20:12 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB CRL A16.000-01 HI Rate Midas Conv test Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 605 km (375 mi).

1973 August 30 - 17:01 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.07US Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 299 km (185 mi).

1973 September 4 - 16:45 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.13DS-NP Solar Ultraviolet/Solar X-ray mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 235 km (146 mi).

1973 October 24 - 03:05 GMT - Eglin -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA CRL A16.313-01 VLF Propagation Ionosphere VLF mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 609 km (378 mi).

1973 October 25 - 03:07 GMT - Eglin -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA CRL A16.313-02 VLF Propagation Ionosphere VLF mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 600 km (370 mi).

1973 November 22 - 21:29 GMT - Natal -. Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 650 km (400 mi).

1973 November 25 - 22:47 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA AMF-VA-40 FAILURE: Failure. Auroral mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 103 km (64 mi).

1973 November 27 - 15:06 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA NASA 19.08UA Skylab Ba+ Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 552 km (342 mi).

1973 December 4 - 15:20 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA NASA 19.09UA Skylab Ba+ Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 570 km (350 mi).

1973 December 10 - 19:10 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.23NP-US CALROC 3 Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 269 km (167 mi).

1974 January 15 - 20:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.14DS-NP Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 234 km (145 mi).

1974 January 23 - 06:06 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AMD-VB-34 Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 208 km (129 mi).

1974 February 6 - 22:48 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB (ESRO) D-101 DLR A-BB4-63 Auroral mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 548 km (340 mi).

1974 February 13 - 22:01 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AAF-4B-31 Aurora / ionosphere / fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 638 km (396 mi).

1974 February 14 - 06:07 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC CRL A18.006-4 CVF Aeronomy mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

1974 February 21 - 09:16 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC CRL A18.116-1 HIRIS Aeronomy mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi).

1974 February 22 - 04:59 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II ADD-2A-128 Auroral VUV Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 131 km (81 mi).

1974 February 25 - 07:38 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC CRL A18.219-1 MUTI Aeronomy mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 195 km (121 mi).

1974 February 26 - 18:17 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.18US FAILURE: Failure. LPSP-EUV3 Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 98 km (60 mi).

1974 February 28 - 02:53 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AKF-VB-39 ISIS-2 pass Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 246 km (152 mi).

1974 March 22 - 16:56 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 6 . Black Brant VI AAF-VI-02 FAILURE: Failure. Dust collector Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 78 km (48 mi).

1974 March 26 - 21:30 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 6 . Black Brant VI AAF-VI-04 Dust collector Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 81 km (50 mi).

1974 March 29 - 02:00 GMT - Chilca -. EQUION Ionosphere / eclipse mission Agency: Aerospace. Apogee: 742 km (461 mi).

1974 April 17 - 10:23 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.26UE ECHO III Auroral mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 275 km (170 mi).

1974 April 23 - 04:31 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 6 . Black Brant VI AKF-VI-03 Auroral X-rays Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 76 km (47 mi).

1974 June 16 - 05:10 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.17UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 187 km (116 mi).

1974 June 29 - 20:16 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.28IA Aladdin 74 aeronomy release mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 234 km (145 mi).

1974 October 4 - 16:16 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.15GP Test mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 227 km (141 mi).

1974 November 25 - 08:10 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.31UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 184 km (114 mi).

1974 December 6 - 23:32 GMT - Cape Parry -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AMF-VB-41 Cusp Auroral mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 245 km (152 mi).

1974 December 11 - 22:48 GMT - Cape Parry -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AAF-4B-32 Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 600 km (370 mi).

1974 December 17 - 10:55 GMT - Sonde Stromfjord -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB (ESRO) D-102A? DLR G-BB4-64 PolCusp Ionosphere mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee</