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LK-1
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The LK-1 was the spacecraft designed by Chelomei for the original Soviet manned lunar flyby project. In October 1965 Korolev managed to get the project cancelled and started development of his Soyuz 7K-L1/Block D spacecraft in place of the LK-1.
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LK-3
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The LK-3 was Chelomei's preliminary design for a direct-landing alternative to Korolev's L3 manned lunar landing design. It would have used the 1966 version of the UR-700 booster to send a crew on a direct flight to the lunar surface and back. By the time of the draft project and mock-up stage, it had evolved into the more elegant LK-700 design.
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LK-700
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The LK-700 was Chelomei's direct-landing alternative to Korolev's L3 manned lunar landing design. It would have used the monster UR-700 booster to send a crew of three on a direct flight to the lunar surface and back. Although Korolev's N1-L3 design was selected in 1964 for the manned lunar landing, work on the UR-700/LK-700 continued in parallel at a low level.
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TKS
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Vladimir Chelomei's TKS manned ferry vehicle was designed to provide a reusable resupply and crew return spacecraft much more capable and flexible than either the Soyuz or Apollo designs. Although the TKS completed its development program as part of the military Almaz space station program it was never used for manned spaceflight. However the TKS resupply vehicle provided the basis for the successful FGB space station modules used with the Salyut, Mir, and International Space Station.
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Polyus
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The Polyus military testbed was put together on a crash basis as an answer to America's Star Wars program. It was built around a surplus TKS manned spacecraft and was meant to test prototype ASAT and Star Wars defense systems. It failed to reach orbit, but it had succeeded, it would have been the core module of a new Mir-2 space station. Its mere presence could have decisively changed the shape of the Cold War in its final months.
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Kvant-2
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Kvant-2 was a utility module launched to the Mir station. It provided an airlock, additional electric power, and additional gyrodynes for orienting the station.
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Spektr - Original
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Chelomei designed a spacecraft bus for space based weapons based on his TKS space tug. This was an alternate / competitive design to the NPO Energia USB. The original Spektr design was to be armed with Oktava interceptor rockets built by NPO Kometa. It was to be equipped with sensors to identify (Lira) and track (Buton) ballistic missile re-entry vehicles as well as discriminate decoys (Pion-K). A prototype of the Spektr would be docked with the Mir space station for systems tests. In 1992, as directed by the Soviet Union's military and political leadership, all work on such projects was discontinued. The Spektr module was converted into a civilian platform, and its completion and docking with Mir partially funded by the United States.
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Kristall
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Kristal was a dedicated zero-gravity materials and biological science research module for the Mir space station, launched in January 1990
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Skif-DM
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In 1990 KB Salyut proposed using the back-up of the Polyus 'star wars' test bed as a huge zero-gravity materials production facility. The 90 metric ton spacecraft would return materials to earth in Ofora capsules, stretched versions of the VA capsule developed for the TKS manned ferry. Basic concepts would be proven on the TME Teknologia 20 metric ton satellite to be launched by 1993. No backers for the concept were forthcoming and in 1992 further work on the Energia launch vehicle on which it depended was cancelled.
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Teknologia
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In 1990 KB Salyut proposed an unmanned derivative of the TKS to conduct zero-gravity materials production experiments. Materials produced by 16 different devices would be returned to earth in small KSI re-entry capsules or in the large main VA capsule at the completion of the mission. The 20 metric ton satellite would have a five year life and was to be launched by 1993. The mission would be a preliminary to a full-scale production TMP Skif-DM 90 metric ton spacecraft. No backers for the concept were forthcoming.
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Tellura
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In 1990 KB Salyut proposed an unmanned derivative of the TKS manned ferry to conduct earth resources experiments. This would be similar to the Priroda module of the Mir space station but designed for an independent free-flying mission.
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Spektr
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Spektr was a module of the Mir space station. It began life as a dedicated military research unit. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, all such work was stopped, and the spacecraft never left the shop.In NASA agreed to provide funds to complete the Spektr and Priroda modules for Mir using US funds, with 600 to 700 kg of US experiments installed in place of the military experiments.
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Priroda
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Priroda was the last Mir module launched. It was originally an all-Soviet remote sensing module for combined civilian and military surveillance of the earth. The Soviet Union collapsed before it could be launched, and it was put in storage.
In 1993 NASA agreed to provide funds to complete the Spektr and Priroda modules for Mir using US funds, providing 600 to 700 kg of US experiments would be installed. It finally docked with Mir in April 1996.
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ISS Zarya
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The Russian Zarya FGB space tug was the cornerstone of the new International Space Station since it acted as an adapter between the US and Russian-built ISS segments and also provided some propulsion and propellant storage capabilities. It was closely based on the older Russian TKS spacecraft design that was intended as a ferry for the Almaz military station. The United States paid $220 million for the FGB (vs. $450 million for Lockheed's rejected 'Bus-1' option) and Khrunichev successfully completed the project on schedule and within budget. However, the launch had to be delayed by 17 months to November 1998 because the Russians were unable to complete their own ISS Zvezda service module on time.
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