 | Venera 8
Credit - NASA
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Manufacturer's Designation: 3MV-4. Class: Planetary. Type: Venus. Destination: Venus. Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Manufacturer: Lavochkin. Carried a TV system and scientific instruments. Typical orbit: 222 km x 296 km at 52 degrees inclination. Mass: 960 kg (2,110 lb).
Venera 3MV-4 Chronology - 1965 November 12 - Venera 2 - Program: Venera. Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 962 kg (2,120 lb). Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Apogee: 315 km (195 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.71 min.
Venera 2 was launched towards the planet Venus and carried a TV system and scientific instruments. On February 27, 1966, the spacecraft passed Venus at a distance of 24,000 km and entered a heliocentric orbit. The spacecraft system had ceased to operate before the planet was reached and returned no data.
- 1965 November 23 - Cosmos 96 - Program: Venera. Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. FAILURE: At T+528 sec, during the final thrust phase of the Block I's 8D715K engine, one of the combustion chambers blew up due to a tear in the fuel pipeline. This resulted in an abnormal separation of the upper stages. Mass: 960 kg (2,110 lb). Perigee: 222 km (137 mi). Apogee: 296 km (183 mi). Inclination: 51.90 deg. Period: 89.70 min.
The escape stage Block L entered parking orbit tumbling and was not able to operate properly.
Bibliography:- McDowell, Jonathan, Jonathan's Space Home Page (launch records), Harvard University, 1997-present. Web Address when accessed: http://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html.
- JPL Mission and Spacecraft Library, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 1997. Web Address when accessed: http://msl.jpl.nasa.gov/home.html.
- Varfolomyev, Timothy, Spaceflight, "Soviet Rocketry that Conquered Space - Part 5", 1998, Volume 40, page 85.
- Novosti Kosmonavtiki, "Otmenenniy Start "Molniya-M"", 1997, Issue 1, page 29.
- National Space Science Center Planetary Page, As of 19 February 1999.. Web Address when accessed: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planetary_home.html.
- NASA Report, Flight of the Interplanetary Automatic Stations Venus-2 and Venus-3, Web Address when accessed: http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19660022598_1966022598.pdf.
- NASA Report, Solar wind observations with the aid of the interplanetary station Venera-3, Web Address when accessed: http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19670017084_1967017084.pdf.
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© Mark Wade, 1997 - 2008 except where otherwise noted.
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