Germany's Technical University of Berlin (TUB) built a successful series of 40 kg 'Tubsat' experimental technology satellites. Each satellite could be oriented in three axes and carried an imaging payload. The series also included two Tubsat-N 'nanosatellite' Tubsats.

Typical orbit: Sun synchronous. Length: 0.50 m (1.64 ft). Maximum Diameter: 0.32 m (1.04 ft). Mass: 45 kg (99 lb).

• 1991 July 17 - Tubsat-A - Program: Tubsat. Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane. Mass: 38 kg (83 lb). Perigee: 762 km (473 mi). Apogee: 772 km (479 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.20 min.
  Tubsat-A was the first satellite built at Germany's Technical University of Berlin was intended primarily to test attitude control subsystems and give students practice in the design, construction and operation of a satellite. Tubsat-A was launched piggyback with the first ERS mission, and because of it's near polar orbit, the spacecraft became an important communications tool for arctic and Antarctic expeditions. The spacecraft also acted as a testbed for some industry technology including GaAs cells and a transputer. Payload: Star Sensor, Sun Sensor, 3-Axis Magnetic Field Sensor, Magnetorquer, Store & Forward Communication. Dimensions: 38x38x38 cm. Mass: 35 kg. Still in operation as of 2003.

• 1994 January 25 - Tubsat-B - Program: Tubsat. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 40 kg (88 lb). Perigee: 1,184 km (735 mi). Apogee: 1,210 km (750 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 109.40 min.
  Following the success of the magnetic torque attitude control system that flew on Tubsat-A, researchers and students at Germany's Technical University of Berlin constructed Tubsat-B to test and demonstrate attitude control with a star sensor and three reaction wheels. An on-board 1m telescope was used for astronomy and for Earth observation at 10m resolution. Dimensions of the satellite were 38x38x50 cm, mass 40 kg. Unfortunately communications with the satellite were lost after 39 Days

• 1998 July 7 - Tubsat-N1 - Program: Tubsat. Launch Site: Barents Sea Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: R-29. Mass: 3.00 kg (6.60 lb). Perigee: 400 km (240 mi). Apogee: 776 km (482 mi). Inclination: 78.90 deg. Period: 96.30 min.
  The dual Tubsat-N/Tubsat-N1 repersented the Technical University of Berlin's first Nanosatellite project. Tubsat-N1 measured 32x32x3.4cm and had a mass of 3 kg. The technology demonstrator satellite provided store and forward communications and conducted attitude control experiments.

• 1998 July 7 - Tubsat-N - Program: Tubsat. Launch Site: Barents Sea Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: R-29. Mass: 8.00 kg (17.60 lb). Perigee: 400 km (240 mi). Apogee: 776 km (482 mi). Inclination: 78.90 deg. Period: 96.40 min.
  The first satellite launch from a submarine. The Shtil-1 launch vehicle was a converted Makeyev R-29RM SLBM. The satellite payload was placed in the standard re-entry vehicle. The launch platform was the K-407 Novomoskovsk, a 667BDRM Delfin class submarine of the Russian Northern Fleet 3rd Flotilla. The launch was made from a firing range in the Barents Sea off the coast of the Kolskiy Peninsula, at 35.3 deg E 69.3 deg N. The payloads were the Tubsat-N and Tubsat-N1 `nanosatellites'. Tubsat-N entered a 400 x 776 km x 78.9 deg orbit. Both carried small store-forward communications payloads used to keep track of transmitters placed on vehicles, migrating animals, and marine buoys. They are owned, operated and built by the Technische Universitat Berlin (TUB). Tubsat-N was the larger of the pair, with dimensions of 32x32x10.4 cm and a mass of 8.5 kg.

• 1999 May 26 - DLR-Tubsat - Launch Site: Sriharikota. Launch Complex: PSLV. Launch Vehicle: PSLV. Mass: 45 kg (99 lb). Perigee: 722 km (448 mi). Apogee: 723 km (449 mi). Inclination: 98.30 deg.
  DLR-Tubsat carried on the experimental work of Tubsat-A and -B. The satellite measured 32x32x32 cm and had a mass of 44.8 kg. The dechnology demonstrator conducted earth observation with 6 m resolution and conducted attitude control experiments. It was still in operation as of 2003.

• 2001 December 10 - Maroc-Tubsat - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC45/1. Launch Vehicle: Zenit. Mass: 45 kg (99 lb). Perigee: 996 km (618 mi). Apogee: 1,015 km (630 mi). Inclination: 99.70 deg.
  Maroc-Tubsat was built by the Technical University of Berlin for the Centre Royal de Teledetection Spatiale, Morocco, and had a mass of 47 kg. It carried an imager and a store-forward communications test payload. The satellite measured 32x34x36,2 cm and was still in operation as of 2003.