Granat

Granat was a Lavochkin design with the mission of making gamma ray observations in energy ranges of 3 to 200 keV. It was equipped with the ART-P and Sigma telescopes for observation of galactic cores, x-ray pulsars, and black holes. The satellite conducted studies of X-ray and soft gamma ray radiation sources in space by the USSR jointly with France, Denmark and Bulgaria.

Typical orbit: 53697 km x 149862 km at 87 degrees inclination. Mass: 3,200 kg (7,000 lb). Main Engine: RD-0231. Associated Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S824M.

• 1989 December 1 - Granat - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S824M. Mass: 3,200 kg (7,000 lb). Perigee: 53,697 km (33,365 mi). Apogee: 149,862 km (93,119 mi). Inclination: 86.60 deg. Period: 5,899.90 min.

  X-, gamma-ray observatory; Danish, French, Bulgarian payloads. Granat orbital observatory. Conduct of studies of X-ray and soft gamma ray radiation sources in space by the USSR jointly with France, Denmark and Bulgaria.

• Vladimirov, A, Novosti kosmonavtiki, "Tablitsa zapuskov RN 'Proton' i 'Proton K'", 1998, Issue 10, page 25.

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• McDowell, Jonathan, Jonathan's Space Home Page, Harvard University, 1997-present. Jonathan McDowell's complete on-line listing of all objects orbited and over 20,000 rocket launches Accessed at: http://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html.

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• Kaesmann, Ferdinand, et. al., Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, "Proton - Development of A Russian Launch Vehicle", 1998, Volume 51, page 3.