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Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Nation: Europe. The Cluster satellites were a series of sophisticated earth-observation platforms that were to be launched aboard the first Ariane 5. The explosion of the booster led to a costly setback for European space science. There were no back-up spacecraft. Some instruments may fly on other future satellites.
Cluster Chronology - 1996 June 4 - Cluster F1 - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA3. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5. FAILURE: Vehicle went off course and was destroyed by range safety. Reuse of flight software from Ariane 4 was the cause (faulty program logic that only took effect on Ariane 5 launch trajectory).
The Cluster satellites were a series of sophisticated earth-observation platforms that were to be launched aboard the first Ariane 5. The explosion of the booster led to a costly setback for European space science. There were no back-up spacecraft. Some instruments may fly on other future satellites.
- 1996 June 4 - Cluster F2 - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA3. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5. FAILURE: Vehicle went off course and was destroyed by range safety. Reuse of flight software from Ariane 4 was the cause (faulty program logic that only took effect on Ariane 5 launch trajectory).
- 1996 June 4 - Cluster F3 - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA3. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5. FAILURE: Vehicle went off course and was destroyed by range safety. Reuse of flight software from Ariane 4 was the cause (faulty program logic that only took effect on Ariane 5 launch trajectory).
- 1996 June 4 - Cluster F4 - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA3. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5. FAILURE: Vehicle went off course and was destroyed by range safety. Reuse of flight software from Ariane 4 was the cause (faulty program logic that only took effect on Ariane 5 launch trajectory).
Bibliography:- McDowell, Jonathan, Jonathan's Space Report (Internet Newsletter), Harvard University, Weekly, 1989 to Present. Web Address when accessed: http://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html.
- NASA Report,
- NASA Report, Cluster II, Web Address when accessed: http://www.esa.int/esapub/br/br149/br149.pdf.
- NASA Report, Fact Sheet Cluster II Spacecraft to Explore Earth's Turbulent Magnetic Environs, Web Address when accessed: ftp://ftp.hq.nasa.gov/pub/pao/presskit/2000/cluster_presskit.pdf.
- NASA Report, Cluster II Mission-Rising from the Ashes, Web Address when accessed: http://esapub.esrin.esa.it/bulletin/bullet102/Cluster102.pdf.
- NASA Report, Cluster-II: Scientific Objectives and Data, Web Address when accessed: http://esapub.esrin.esa.it/bulletin/bullet102/Warhaut102.pdf.
- NASA Report, Cluster Fact Sheet, Web Address when accessed: http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/gsfc/spacesci/image/factsheet.pdf.
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