UK Credit - © Mark Wade

• Aberporth. Agency: UK RAE. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Cardigan, Wales. Latitude: 52.1393. Longitude: -4.5566.

• Greenham Common. Agency: USAF. Operating Country: USA. Type: IRCM Base. Latitude: 51.3761. Longitude: -1.3033.

• Kindley. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Kindley AFB, Coopers Island, Bermuda. Latitude: 32.3618. Longitude: -64.6858.

• Molesworth. Agency: USAF. Operating Country: USA. Type: IRCM Base. Latitude: 52.4667. Longitude: -0.4264.

• RAF Driffield. Agency: USAF/RAF. Operating Country: USA. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 54.0000. Longitude: -0.2700.

• RAF Feltwell. Agency: USAF/RAF. Operating Country: USA. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 52.2900. Longitude: 0.3200.

• RAF Hemswell. Agency: USAF/RAF. Operating Country: USA. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 53.4000. Longitude: -0.5200.

• RAF North Luffenham. Agency: USAF/RAF. Operating Country: USA. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 52.3700. Longitude: -0.3700.

• South Uist. Agency: UK MoD. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Royal Artillery Guided Weapons Range, Hebrides. Latitude: 57.3300. Longitude: -7.3300.

• Ascender. - winged rocketplane - Status: Study 1992. The Bristol Spaceplanes Ascender of the 1990`s was a sub-orbital manned spaceplane concept proposed by David Ashford. The Ascender spaceplane would use a small Viper tubojet engine as well as a main liquid fuel rocket engine. The Ascender would act as a technology demonstrator for the orbiter of the orbital Spacecab concept,.

• BIS 3 Stage. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 1950. The British Interplanetary Society (BIS) reusable booster concept of 1950 was a 3 stage, rocket, similar to Von Braun concepts of the time. The third stage was a winged vehicle which would use the skip-glide re-entry technique conceived by Saenger.

• Black Arrow. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Retired 1971. Britain's only indigenous launch vehicle. Following cancellation of the project in July 1971, one final launch was permitted, which successfully placed the Prospero satellite in orbit.

• Black Knight. - test vehicle - Status: Retired 1965. The Black Knight was a British test vehicle designed to test re-entry vehicles for the Blue Streak MRBM. It was subsequently used for a series of US-sponsored test of RV radar signatures.

• Bloodhound. - surface-to-air missile - Status: Active.

• Blue Steel. - air-to-surface missile - Status: Retired.

• Blue Streak. - intermediate range ballistic missile - Status: Retired 1965. Cancelled 1960

• Blue Water. - tactical ballistic missile - Status: Cancelled 1962. Cancelled 1962

• Fulmar. - sounding rocket - Status: Retired 1979. Two stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Heron (107 kN) + 1 x Snipe (16.7 kN).

• HOTOL. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Cancelled 1985. This single-stage-to-orbit winged horizontal takeoff/horizontal landing launch vehicle concept was powered by the unique Rolls-Royce RB545 air / liquid hydrogen / liquid oxygen rocket engine. HOTOL development was conducted from 1982 to 1986 before the British government withdrew funding. It was superseded by the Interim HOTOL design which sought to reduce development cost through use of existing Lox/LH2 engines.

• Leopard. - test vehicle - Status: Retired 1962. Two stage aerodynamic test vehicle consisting of 1 x Rook + 1 x Gosling. Developed from the basic Rook vehicle for tests requiring higher velocities.

• Mustard. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1968. The British Aircraft Corporation "Multi-Unit Space Transport And Recovery Device" design of 1964-1965 was a winged two-stage-to-orbit reuseable space shuttle using the 'triamese' concept. The three components of the design were lifting bodies with a configuration similar to the American HL-10 vehicle. BAC sought to reduce development cost by use of two boosters nearly identical to the orbiter vehicle.

• Newton's Orbital Cannon. - gun-launched orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 1687. Isaac Newton discussed the use of a cannon to attain orbit in 1687 in his Principia Mathematica - the very book that defined classical physics and provided the theoretical basis for space travel and rocketry. Newton used the following 'thought experiment' to explain the principle of orbits around the earth (see illustration):

  Imagine a mountain so high that its peak is above the atmosphere of the earth. Imagine on top of that mountain a cannon, that fires horizontally. As more and more charge is used with each shot, the speed of the cannonball will be grater, and the projectile will impact the ground farther and farther from the mountain. Finally, at a certain speed, the cannonball will not hit the ground at all. It will fall toward the circular earth just as fast as the earth curves away from it. In the absence of drag from the atmosphere, it will continue forever in an orbit around the earth.

• Petrel. - sounding rocket - Status: Retired 1982. Petrel was a larger sounding rocket built by Bristol Aerojet using the same tube-launch technique as Skua. A total of 240 Petrels were launched from 1967-1982 from many sites around the world.

• RAE Orbital Fighter. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 1965. The Royal Aircraft Establishment Orbital Fighter proposal of the 1960's envisioned a two stage vehicle. A ramjet powered first stage would release a second stage orbiter similar to, but smaller than the U.S. X-20 Dyna-Soar. The spaceplane would utilise a gliding re-entry to return to earth.

• RAE TSTO. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 1963. The Royal Aircraft Establishment Two Stage To Orbit (TSTO) Concept of the 1960's consisted of a hypersonic air-breathing first stage and rocket powered second stage.

• Rook. - test vehicle - Status: Retired 1972. Single stage vehicle consisting of a Rook solid rocket motor. Used initially for supersonic tests of aircraft models.

• Seaslug. - surface-to-air missile - Status: Retired. Ramjet

• Skua. - sounding rocket - Status: Retired 1981. In 1959, the Royal Meteorological Office's High Altitude Research Unit contracted with Bristol Aerojet and RPE Wescott to develop a low-cost meteorological rocket designed to reach altitudes of 80 km. The resulting Skua design consisted of Chick boosters which burned for 0.2 seconds to blast the rocket 20 m above the 5 m launch tube. Then the Bantam second stage would ignite and boost the payload to altitude. Four Skua variants were flown over the years.

• Skybolt Sounding Rocket. - sounding rocket - Status: Design 2006. Reusable sounding rocket design proposed by Starchaser Industries, Cheshire, England. As of 2006 the business case for completing development was being reviewed.

• Skylark. - sounding rocket - Status: Retired 2005. The Skylark sounding rocket (originally named the Gassiot High Altitude Vehicle) was produced by the Royal Aircraft Establishment and first introduced in 1957, during the International Geophysical Year. It remained in European service until 2005. The original basic single-stage Skylark version used a Raven 1 motor (Rook derivative). The RPE Raven 1 burned 840 kg of propellant (ammonium perchlorate, polyisobutylene binder and aluminium powder) in thirty seconds with a 1450 kNs total impulse at sea level.

• Skylon. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Cancelled 1995. British single-stage-to-orbit, horizontal-takeoff-horizontal-landing turborocket orbital launch vehicle design of the mid-1990's. The novel lightweight structural design was based on lessons learned in the many iterations of the HOTOL concept. The classified Sabre turbojet-rocket combined-cycle engine was taken to a high level of test by Alan Bond at Rolls Royce. Despite the extreme promise of the design, neither British government or private financing was forthcoming.

• Spacebus. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 1990. The Bristol Spaceplanes Spacebus was a Two Stage To Orbit (TSTO) Manned Spaceplane, with an airbreathing supersonic / hypersonic, delta winged first stage and a second stage powered by a liquid fuelled rocket engine. It was proposed by David Ashford of Bristol Spaceplanes Ltd. in the 1980`s / 1990's. The 6-crew Concorde-sized Spacecab would serve as a prototype for the larger 50-person Spacebus.

• Spacecab. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1990. The Bristol Spaceplanes Spacecab was a Two Stage To Orbit (TSTO) Manned Spaceplane, with an airbreathing supersonic / hypersonic, delta winged first stage and a second stage powered by a liquid fuelled rocket engine. It was proposed by David Ashford of Bristol Spaceplanes Ltd. in the 1980`s / 1990's. The Concorde-sized spacecraft would deliver a payload of 6 persons to low Earth orbit. It would serve as a prototype for the larger 50-person Spacebus.

• Stonechat. - test vehicle - Status: Retired 1979. Single stage hypersonic test vehicles using variants of the Stonechat solid rocket motor.

• Armstrong Whitworth Waverider. - Manned Spaceplane

• ASC. - Communications

• Ascender. - Manned Rocketplane

• BIS Lunar Lander. - Manned Lunar Lander

• BIS Space Suit. - Manned Space Suits

• BIS Station. - Manned Space Station

• Hawker Siddeley Waverider-1960. - Manned Spaceplane

• Hawker Siddeley Waverider-1971. - Manned Spaceplane

• Mars via Solar Sail. - Manned Mars Expedition

• MicroSat SSTL. - Technology

• MicroSat-100. - Technology

• MicroSat-70. - Technology

• Minibus. - Technology

• MiniSat-400. - Technology

• Miranda. - Technology

• Multi-Role Recovery Capsule. - Manned Spacecraft

• NATO 1. - Communications Military

• NATO 3. - Communications Military

• Nonweiler Waverider. - Manned Spaceplane

• Prospero. - Earth Micrometeoroid

• RAE Orbital Fighter. - Manned Spaceplane

• RAF Jerkin System. - Manned Space Suits

• SECS/OTS. - Communications Military

• Skynet. - Communications Military

• Skynet 5. - Communications

• SNAP. - Technology

• Spacebus. - Manned Spaceplane

• Spacecab. - Manned Spaceplane

• Starchaser 5. - Manned Spacecraft

• STRV. - Technology

• The Green Arrow. - Manned Spacecraft

• Type B. - Manned Space Suits

• UoSAT. - Communications Amateur Radio

• Boyle. - Anthony Hugh Boyle American Payload Specialist Astronaut. Born 18 January 1941.

• Clarke. - Arthur C Clarke British Writer. Born 1917. Died 19 March 2008.

• Congreve. - William Congreve British Engineer. Born 1772. Died 1828.

• Digges. - Thomas Digges British Scientist. Born 1576. Died 1576.

• Farrimond. - Richard Alfred Farrimond British Payload Specialist Astronaut. Born 15 September 1947.

• Foale. - Dr Colin Michael (Mike) Foale American Mission Specialist Astronaut. Born 6 January 1957. Number of Flights: 6.00. Total Time: 373.76 days.

• Haskell. - George Haskell British Scientist. Born 1940.

• Hodge. - John Hodge American Manager. Born 1929.

• Holmes. - Christopher John Nicholas Holmes British Payload Specialist Astronaut. Born 10 July 1950.

• Johnson Gregory H. - Gregory Harold 'Box' Johnson American Pilot Astronaut. Born 12 May 1962. Number of Flights: 1.00. Total Time: 15.76 days.

• Llewellyn. - Dr John Anthony (Tony) Llewellyn American Pilot Astronaut. Born 22 April 1932.

• Longhurst. - Peter Hervey Longhurst British Payload Specialist Astronaut. Born 8 March 1943.

• Lovell Bernard. - A C Bernard Lovell British Scientist. Born 1913.

• Mace. - Timothy Kristian Charles Mace British Engineer Cosmonaut. Born 20 November 1955.

• Massey. - Sir Harrie S W Massey British Engineer. Born 1908.

• Newton. - Isaac Newton British Scientist. Born 1642. Died 1727.

• Patrick. - Nicholas James MacDonald Patrick American Mission Specialist Astronaut. Born 22 March 1964. Number of Flights: 1.00. Total Time: 12.86 days.

• Ross H E. - H E Ross British Engineer.

• Sellers. - Piers John Sellers American Mission Specialist Astronaut. Born 11 April 1955. Number of Flights: 2.00. Total Time: 23.61 days.

• Sharman. - Helen Patricia Sharman British Engineer Cosmonaut. Born 30 May 1963. Number of Flights: 1.00. Total Time: 7.88 days.

• Taylor Brian. - Brian Taylor British Engineer. Born 1940.

• Wells. - H G Wells British Writer. Born 1866. Died 1946.

• Whitcomb. - Gordon P Whitcomb British Manager. Born 1940.

• Wood Nigel. - Nigel Richard Wood British Payload Specialist Astronaut. Born 21 July 1949.

• Hoernig. - Otto William Hoernig Jr British Payload Specialist Astronaut. Birth Country: USA. Born 21 July 1938.

1675 June 22 -

• Royal Greenwich Observatory founded. Level: 1.

• Isaac Newton's Principia Published Level: 1.

• William Herschel's Discovery of Uranus Level: 1.

• William Herschel's Discovery of Uranus Moons Titania and Oberon Level: 1.

• William Herschel's Discovery of Saturn Moon Enceladus Level: 1.

• William Herschel's Discovery of Saturn Moon Mimas Level: 1.

• Royal Astronomical Society founded. Level: 1.

• Discovery of Antarctica Level: 1.

• William Lassell's Discovery of Neptune Moon Triton Level: 1.

• William and George Bond's Discovery of Saturn Moon Hyperion Level: 1.

• William Lassell's Discovery of Uranus Moons Umbriel and Ariel Level: 1.

• Melotte's Discovery of Jupiter Moon Pasiphae Level: 1.

• British Interplanetary Society founded Level: 1.

• Zucker mail rocket launch at Sussex Downs Apogee: 0.60 km (0.37 mi). Zucker, his backer, and selected press representatives met on a hilltop on Sussex Downs. After a first successful test launch without payload, two launches were made with postal covers. The observers guessed the rockets went as high as 400 to 800 m. Banner headlines the next day announced 'The First British Rocket Mail' and carried Zucker's claim that soon he would inaugrate regular one minute rocket post service between Dover and Calais. Level: 1.

• Zucker mail rocket explosion at Harris Apogee: 0 km ( mi). Zucker announced a demonstration firing of his rocket over 1600 m of water between the town of Harris and the Isle of Scarp. Government officials watched as the rocket exploded, blowing the burning payload of postal covers all over the beach. The British found Zucker to be a 'threat to the income of the post office and the security of the country'. He was deported to Germany, where he was immediately arrested by the Germans on suspicion of espionage or collaboration with Britain. Level: 1.

• Project Backfire first attempted V-2 launch. Attempted launch of a V-2 from Altenwalde by German technicians under British direction in order to document launch procedures. The launch was aborted on the pad and a different missile was selected for the next attempt. References: 86. Level: 1.

• Backfire 1 test Agency: UK WO. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launch of V-2 from Altenwalde by German technicians under British direction in order to document launch procedures. The launch was successful and the missile reached an altitude of 90 km. References: 2. Level: 1.

• Backfire 2 test Agency: UK WO. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi). Partial failure; the rocket only reached 20 km altitude. References: 2. Level: 1.

• Backfire 3 test Agency: UK WO. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Third and final launch in Project Backfire, with allied observors. Glushko, Sokolov, Pobedonostsev; Korolev and Gaidukov kept outside fence; Von Karman, Merrill, Seifert, Pickering from US. The launch was successful and the missile reached an altitude of 90 km. References: 2. Level: 1.

• British Interplanetary Society manned lunar landing mission Spacecraft: BIS Lunar Lander. A paper read to the British Interplanetary Society by H. E. Ross described a manned lunar landing mission which would require a combination of the earth orbit and lunar orbit rendezvous techniques. Three spacecraft would be launched simultaneously into earth orbit, each carrying a pilot. After rendezvous, the crew would transfer to ship A, which would refuel from ships B and C. Ship C would be discarded completely, but ship B would be fueled with the surplus not needed by A. The spacecraft would then be fired into a translunar trajectory. Upon reaching the vicinity of the moon, the spacecraft would go into lunar orbit, detach fuel tanks, and descend to the lunar surface. To return to earth, the spacecraft would rendezvous with the fuel tanks, refuel, and fire into a transearth trajectory. On approaching the earth, the spacecraft would rendezvous with ship B, the crew would transfer to ship B, and descend to earth. The ability to rendezvous in space was seen to be the essential element of such a project. The total payload weight at launch would be 1,326 tons equally divided among the three ships as compared to 2.6 times this weight required for a direct ascent and return from the moon. References: 16. Level: 1.

• British Interplanetary Society's H. E. Ross described a manned satellite station. Spacecraft: BIS Station. In a paper presented to the British Interplanetary Society, H. E. Ross described a manned satellite station in Earth orbit that would serve as an astronomical and zero-gravity and vacuum research laboratory. (Ross' bold suggestions also included schemes for a manned landing on the Moon and return to Earth through use of the rendezvous technique in Earth orbit and about the Moon.) Ross' suggested design comprised a circular structure that housed the crew of the space laboratory (numbering 24 specialists and support personnel) as well as telescopes and research equipment. The station, he suggested, could be resupplied with oxygen and other life-support essentials by supply ships launched every three months. Level: 1.

• The Exploration of Space by Arthur C. Clarke Arthur C. Clarke's The Exploration of Space was first published in England in 1951, and became a US Book of the Month Club selection the following year. The book included an alternative to the direct ascent technique: assembling or refueling the space vehicle in earth orbit before injection into translunar trajectory, to be followed, possibly, by rendezvous in lunar orbit with fuel tanker rockets launched from the earth. Level: 1.

• Nonweiler Waverider Spacecraft: Nonweiler Waverider. The Nonweiler Waverider was a caret wing hypersonic waverider concept developed by Professor Terence R.F. Nonweiler, of Queen`s University, Belfast. Level: 1.

• Research and development test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 225 km (139 mi). Black Knight missile of the United Kingdom was launched from the Australian range at Woomera to an altitude of over 300 miles. References: 2. Level: 1.

• Research and development test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 537 km (333 mi). Second British Black Knight rocket reached 350-mile altitude at Woomera, Australia. References: 2. Level: 1.

• Research and development launch Agency: RAE. Apogee: 803 km (498 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Research and development launch Agency: RAE. Apogee: 442 km (274 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Test mission Agency: RAE. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Test mission Agency: RAE. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Research and development / Reentry Test / chemical release mission Agency: RAE. Apogee: 732 km (454 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Armstrong Whitworth Waverider Spacecraft: Armstrong Whitworth Waverider. The study called for a two-crew waverider spacecraft powered by a second stage atop a British Blue Streak rocket. The group leaders of this project were H R Watson of Armstrong Whitworth, and Dr W F Hilton of Hawker Siddeley. The spacecraft design was by T R F Nonweiler. Level: 1.

• Gaslight Re-entry Vehicle test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 563 km (349 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Gaslight Re-entry Vehicle test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 484 km (300 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Gaslight Re-entry Vehicle test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 531 km (329 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Test mission Agency: RAE. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Gaslight Re-entry Vehicle test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 687 km (426 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Gaslight Re-entry Vehicle test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 415 km (257 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Gaslight Re-entry Vehicle test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 583 km (362 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Test / aeronomy mission Agency: UK MO. Apogee: 70 km (43 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Ariel 1 Payload: UK 1 (S-51). Mass: 60 kg (132 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: Ariel. Agency: NASA, United Kingdom. Perigee: 398 km (247 mi). Apogee: 1,203 km (747 mi). Inclination: 53.80 deg. Period: 100.80 min. COSPAR: 1962-Omicron-1. USAF Sat Cat: 285. Decay Date: 1976-03-31. Ionospheric studies; returned X-ray, ionospheric, cosmic ray data. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 2, 6. Level: 1.

• Gaslight Re-entry Vehicle test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 795 km (493 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Gaslight Re-entry Vehicle test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 573 km (356 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Gaslight Re-entry Vehicle test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 576 km (357 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Leopard 6 test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• MUSTARD - Multi-Unit Space Transport And Recovery Device study British Aircraft Corporation study of 1964-1965 for winged reuseable space shuttle using the 'triamese' concept - reduced costs by use of two boosters nearly identical to the orbiter vehicle. The components were lifting bodies with a configuration similar to the US HL-10 vehicle. Level: 1.

• Dazzle re-entry vehicle test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Ariel 2 Payload: UK 2 (UK-C). Mass: 68 kg (149 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: Ariel. Agency: UK DSIR. Perigee: 287 km (178 mi). Apogee: 1,349 km (838 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 101.30 min. COSPAR: 1964-015A. USAF Sat Cat: 771. Decay Date: 1967-11-18. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 2, 6. Level: 1.

• Dazzle re-entry vehicle test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 602 km (374 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Dazzle re-entry vehicle test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 629 km (390 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Dazzle re-entry vehicle test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 651 km (404 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Dazzle re-entry vehicle test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 492 km (305 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Dazzle re-entry vehicle test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 605 km (375 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Dazzle re-entry vehicle test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 632 km (392 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Barwell Meteorite Fall (Hit Car, Buildings) Level: 1.

• Ariel 3 Payload: UK 3 (UK-E). Mass: 90 kg (198 lb). Class: Technology. Spacecraft: Ariel. Agency: UK SRC. Perigee: 499 km (310 mi). Apogee: 604 km (375 mi). Inclination: 80.60 deg. Period: 95.60 min. COSPAR: 1967-042A. USAF Sat Cat: 2773. Decay Date: 1970-12-14. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 2, 6. Level: 1.

• Test launch Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Test launch Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Test launch Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Test launch Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Electrons Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Electrons Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• C / D / E electrons Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• C / D / E electrons Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Langmuir probe Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Langmuir probe Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 131 km (81 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Ionosphere/Solar X-ray mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 101 km (62 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Solar X-rays / La / ne Ionosphere / solar x-rays mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 145 km (90 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• C / D / E electrons / SpE Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 142 km (88 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• D-region Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• D-region Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 144 km (89 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 111 km (68 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Winter abs / Strato Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 118 km (73 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Electrons Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 157 km (97 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Electrons Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 157 km (97 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Small scale structure Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 149 km (92 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Small scale structure Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 153 km (95 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• E field gradient Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 148 km (91 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Particles Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 151 km (93 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• E-region E field Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Small scale structure Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• X-ray Survey X-ray astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 192 km (119 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• UK SL502 Ionosphere / solar x-rays mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 273 km (169 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• UK SL606 Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 202 km (125 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• UK SL604 Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 181 km (112 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• UK SL404 Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 178 km (110 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Solar X-rays / La / ne Ionosphere / solar x-ray mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 137 km (85 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Solar X-rays / La / ne Ionosphere / solar x-rays mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 136 km (84 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Agency: RAE. Apogee: 4.00 km (2.40 mi). Suborbital research and development flight References: 2. Level: 1.

• Electron profile Ionosphere mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 216 km (134 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Dayglow / electrons Ionosphere mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 244 km (151 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Electron profile Ionosphere mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 213 km (132 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• SpE fine scale Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 121 km (75 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Dayglow / electrons Ionosphere mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 262 km (162 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• SpE fine scale Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 126 km (78 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• HRCS / PHC Solar x-ray mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 197 km (122 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• D-region Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Night D / E-region Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• HRV 933 test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 30 km (18 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Night D / E-region Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Night D / E-region Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• SpE Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• E fields Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• D / E regions Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Grenades / TMA release / Barium release Aeronomy /ionosphere mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 318 km (197 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Grenades / TMA release / Barium release Aeronomy /ionosphere mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 318 km (197 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• SpE Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• UK SL586 test Agency: BAC. Apogee: 223 km (138 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• X-ray survey / Solar X X-ray astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 216 km (134 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Fresnel shadowgraph X-ray astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 208 km (129 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Solar ultraviolet Spectrum / PHC Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 242 km (150 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Skynet 1A Program: Skynet. Mass: 243 kg (535 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: NATO 1. Agency: UK MoD. Perigee: 35,682 km (22,171 mi). Apogee: 35,894 km (22,303 mi). Inclination: 13.90 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. COSPAR: 1969-101A. USAF Sat Cat: 4250. Completed Operations Date: 1980-01-01. Over Indian Ocean. Military communications. Previously registered by the United States in A/AC.105/INF.220: 1969-101A, orbital data 276 x 36716 km x 28.0 deg, category C. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit over the Indian Ocean at 41 deg E in 1969-1972?; ??? 1972-1977; over the Americas at 100-110 deg W in 1977-1998 As of 26 August 2001 located at 104.51 deg W drifting at 0.015 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 106.94W drifting at 0.015W degrees per day. References: 2, 6. Level: 1.

• Solar ultraviolet FP / PHC Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• ESRO S72 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: BAC/ESRO. Apogee: 244 km (151 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• UK-4 instrumented prototype Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 148 km (91 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Chaff Ionosphere mission Agency: INTA. Apogee: 102 km (63 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Chaff Ionosphere mission Agency: INTA. Apogee: 101 km (62 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Ionosphere mission Agency: INTA. Apogee: 103 km (64 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Ionosphere mission Agency: INTA. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Ionosphere mission Agency: INTA. Apogee: 103 km (64 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Agency: RAE. Apogee: 550 km (340 mi). Successful suborbital research and development flight References: 2. Level: 1.

• X-ray RMC X-ray astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 247 km (153 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• X-ray BCS Sco X-1 X-ray astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 208 km (129 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: RTG. Apogee: 105 km (65 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: RTG. Apogee: 105 km (65 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: RTG. Apogee: 108 km (67 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: RTG. Apogee: 108 km (67 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: RTG. Apogee: 101 km (62 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Ultraviolet Schmidt Objective Prism Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 181 km (112 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• X-ray Survey X-ray astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 179 km (111 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Solar ultraviolet echelle Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 204 km (126 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• X-ray spectra / Ozone X-ray astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Particles Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 139 km (86 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• SpE fine scale Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 126 km (78 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• X-ray spectra / Ionos X-ray astronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 203 km (126 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• X-ray RMC X-ray astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 223 km (138 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Extreme ultraviolet OGS Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 164 km (101 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Skynet 1B Program: Skynet. Mass: 243 kg (535 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: NATO 1. Agency: UK MoD. Perigee: 278 km (172 mi). Apogee: 37,460 km (23,270 mi). Inclination: 25.90 deg. Period: 665.40 min. COSPAR: 1970-062A. USAF Sat Cat: 4493. AKM failure left in unusable orbit. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 2, 6. Level: 1.

• Orba Payload: X 2. Class: Earth. Type: Micrometeoroid. Spacecraft: Prospero. Agency: RAE. Apogee: 550 km (340 mi). COSPAR: F700902A. Decay Date: 1970-09-02. Unsuccessful attempt to orbit a satellite. References: 126. Level: 1.

• D / E regions Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 148 km (91 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• D / E regions Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 149 km (92 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• D / E regions Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Winter Anomaly / Stratosphere Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 144 km (89 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• X-ray survey X-ray astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 232 km (144 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• X-ray RMC X-ray astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 270 km (160 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• ESRO S53 Solar x-ray mission Agency: BAC/ESRO. Apogee: 209 km (129 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• ESRO S58 Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: BAC/ESRO. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• X-ray Survey X-ray astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 183 km (113 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Particles Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• VLF fields Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 129 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• XRB anisotropy X-ray astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 209 km (129 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• X-ray crystal spectrometer Solar x-ray mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 182 km (113 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• XRB anisotropy X-ray astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 203 km (126 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• ESRO S85 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: BAC/ESRO. Apogee: 222 km (137 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• UK SL922 Ionosphere mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 223 km (138 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Auroral electrons Aurora mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 153 km (95 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Small-scale structure Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 134 km (83 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Particles Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 154 km (95 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Winds / E field Aurora mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 131 km (81 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• VLF waves Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 138 km (85 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• E field Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 143 km (88 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• E field Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Winds / E field Aurora mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 128 km (79 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• E field Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 162 km (100 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• E field Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 146 km (90 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• X-ray Survey X-ray astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 219 km (136 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• D / E regions Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Solar La / X / ne Ionosphere / solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 143 km (88 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Solar La / X / ne Ionosphere / solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 143 km (88 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Electron analyser Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 143 km (88 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Electron analyser Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 142 km (88 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Solar spectra Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 272 km (169 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Solar La / X / ne Ionosphere-solar mission Ionosphere-solar mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 138 km (85 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Solar La / X / ne Ionosphere-solar mission Ionosphere-solar mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 125 km (77 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• GX3+1 Lunar Occultation X-ray astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 224 km (139 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Winter Anomaly / Stratosphere Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 142 km (88 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• X-ray RMC X-ray astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 233 km (144 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• ESRO S81 X-ray Astronomy mission Agency: BAC/ESRO. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• GX3+1 Lunar Occultation X-ray astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 245 km (152 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Prospero Payload: X 3. Mass: 66 kg (145 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Micrometeoroid. Spacecraft: Prospero. Agency: RAE. Perigee: 531 km (329 mi). Apogee: 1,403 km (871 mi). Inclination: 82.00 deg. Period: 104.40 min. COSPAR: 1971-093A. USAF Sat Cat: 5580. To test in space equipment for future satellites and to conduct a scientific experiment to measure the incidence of micro-meteoroids. Launch time 0409 GMT, injection point 13.7 deg S, 137.9 deg E. Anticipated life 100 years. References: 2, 6. Level: 1.

• Lithium release Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Lithium release Aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• HRCS / X-ray imager Solar x-ray mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 193 km (119 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• D-region Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 146 km (90 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• D-region Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• D-region Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 145 km (90 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• D-region Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Electron temp Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• X-ray BCS Solar x-ray mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 198 km (123 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Ariel 4 Payload: UK 4. Mass: 100 kg (220 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: Ariel. Agency: UK SRC. Perigee: 476 km (295 mi). Apogee: 592 km (367 mi). Inclination: 82.00 deg. Period: 95.30 min. COSPAR: 1971-109A. USAF Sat Cat: 5675. Decay Date: 1978-12-12. Ionospheric studies. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 2, 6. Level: 1.

• ISRO 18.01 Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 167 km (103 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• ISRO 18.02 Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 126 km (78 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• ISRO 18.03 Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 166 km (103 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• ISRO 18.04 Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 128 km (79 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Solar La / X / ne Ionosphere / solar x-rays mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 147 km (91 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Solar La / X / ne Ionosphere / solar x-rays mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 142 km (88 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• ISRO 18.06 Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 134 km (83 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• ISRO 18.07 Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 139 km (86 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• ISRO 18.08 Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 137 km (85 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Faraday rotation Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 134 km (83 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• UK SL1023 Ionosphere mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 260 km (160 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Echelle spectra Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 237 km (147 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• ER1 Test / remote sensing mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 279 km (173 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Ionosphere mission Agency: INTA/DLR. Apogee: 101 km (62 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Badger 5 test Agency: RAE. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• UK SL1191 Agency: BAC. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• E-region multiprobe Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Solar La / X Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Scattered La Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 118 km (73 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Scattered La Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 126 km (78 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Scattered La Ionosphere mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 146 km (90 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Particles / substorm Aurora mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Particles / substorm Aurora mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• VLF radio hiss Aurora mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Composition / scattering Ionosphere mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 142 km (88 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Particles / substorm Aurora mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Electron analyser Aurora mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Soft X-ray / Lunar ultraviolet X-ray astronomy mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• X-ray BCS / RMC Solar x-ray mission Agency: BAC. Apogee: 195 km (121 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• ESRO S95 X-ray Astronomy mission Agency: BAC/ESRO. Apogee: 270 km (160 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Polar chorus Aurora mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.

• Particles / substorm Aurora mission Agency: SRC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Level: 1.