ESRO
Spacecraft · Europe
Original archive entry. The text, images and links below are kept as they were written.
Credit: Manufacturer Image
European technology satellite. The ESRO series were small Scout-launched probes of near-earth space. Research satellite built by Laboratoire Central de Telecommunications for ESRO, Europe. Launched 1968 - 1969.
More at: ESRO.
Subtopics
- ESRO 4 Research, ionosphere, magnetosphere satellite built by Hawker-Siddeley Dynamics for ESRO, Europe. Launched 1972.
Related
- Family
- Technology, Technology satellite
- Country
- Europe
- Launch Sites
- Vandenberg, Vandenberg SLC5, Kiruna
Photo Gallery
ESRO 1A
Credit: Manufacturer Image
ESRO 2A
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IRIS
Credit: Manufacturer Image
IRIS
Credit: Manufacturer Image
Chronology
195 events
1964 July 6
19:23 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark.1964 July 8
19:22 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark.1964 October 29
23:18 GMT - . Launch Site: Ile du Levant. Launch Pad: CERES. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1965 March 31
14:34 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. FAILURE: Failure.1965 April 3
12:54 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark.1965 August 10
23:13 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark.- Ultraviolet photometer Ultraviolet astronomy mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 215 km (133 mi).
1965 September 30
04:20 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark.1965 October 2
04:22 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark.1965 December 7
03:53 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1965 December 11
04:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1965 December 14
12:49 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1966 February 4
23:19 GMT - . Launch Site: Andoya. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1966 February 11
02:03 GMT - . Launch Site: Andoya. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1. FAILURE: Failure.1966 February 22
18:28 GMT - . Launch Site: Andoya. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1966 February 23
23:14 GMT - . Launch Site: Andoya. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1966 March 9
22:20 GMT - . Launch Site: Andoya. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1966 March 10
22:25 GMT - . Launch Site: Andoya. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1966 May 15
05:03 GMT - . Launch Site: Nissaki-Karystos. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1966 May 15
09:51 GMT - . Launch Site: Nissaki-Karystos. LV Family: Arcas. Launch Vehicle: Sparrow Arcas.- ESRO A23 / 1 Eclipse ionosphere / solar mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi).
1966 May 20
08:38 GMT - . Launch Site: Koroni. Launch Complex: Koroni LP2. LV Family: Arcas. Launch Vehicle: Sparrow Arcas. FAILURE: Failure.- ESRO A23 / 2 Eclipse ionosphere / solar mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi).
1966 May 20
09:01 GMT - . Launch Site: Nissaki-Karystos. LV Family: Arcas. Launch Vehicle: Sparrow Arcas.- ESRO A23 / 3 Eclipse ionosphere / solar mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 99 km (61 mi).
1966 May 20
09:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Nissaki-Karystos. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1966 May 20
09:41 GMT - . Launch Site: Koroni. Launch Complex: Koroni LP2. LV Family: Arcas. Launch Vehicle: Sparrow Arcas.- ESRO A23 / 4 Eclipse ionosphere / solar mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 102 km (63 mi).
1966 May 20
10:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Koroni. Launch Complex: Koroni LP2. LV Family: Arcas. Launch Vehicle: Sparrow Arcas. FAILURE: Failure.- ESRO A23 / 5 Eclipse ionosphere / solar mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 7.00 km (4.30 mi).
1966 May 20
10:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Koroni. Launch Complex: Koroni LP2. LV Family: Arcas. Launch Vehicle: Sparrow Arcas.- ESRO A23 / 6 Eclipse ionosphere / solar mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 103 km (64 mi).
1966 May 20
11:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Koroni. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1966 June 16
19:20 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark.- MPE Barium release Aeronomy / barium release mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi).
1966 June 18
02:35 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark.- MPE Barium release Aeronomy / barium release mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 220 km (130 mi).
1966 June 20
19:39 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark.- ESRO S08 / 1 (SK7) Aeronomy / solar ultraviolet mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 220 km (130 mi).
1966 June 27
17:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Hammaguira Blandine. LV Family: Veronique. Launch Vehicle: Veronique AGI.- FU-154 recovery test - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 123 km (76 mi). FU154 Technology (recovery) mission..
1966 June 28
02:53 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark.- ESRO S08 / 2 (SK8) Aeronomy / solar ultraviolet mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 228 km (141 mi).
1966 July 8
19:47 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark.1966 July 13
19:44 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark.1966 July 20
17:01 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Belier.1966 July 25
Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Belier.1966 November 19
23:42 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.- ESRO C21 / 1 Aurora / chemical release mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 123 km (76 mi).
1966 November 26
19:11 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3. FAILURE: Failure.- ESRO S11 / 2 (SK16) Ultraviolet astronomy mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).
1966 November 29
01:06 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1966 November 30
22:04 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1967 February 4
23:53 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.- ESRO C21 / 2 Aurora / chemical release mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 126 km (78 mi).
1967 February 16
07:37 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1967 February 22
07:12 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1967 April 19
16:19 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1967 May 22
00:12 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3.- ESRO S11 / 1 Ultraviolet astronomy mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi).
1967 May 25
23:24 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3.- ESRO S05 / 2 Ultraviolet astronomy mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 215 km (133 mi).
1967 May 30
02:06 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC5. LV Family: Scout. Launch Vehicle: Scout B. FAILURE: Third stage failure.. Failed Stage: 3.- ESRO 2A - . Payload: Iris 1. Mass: 74 kg (163 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: ESRO. Decay Date: 1967-05-29 .
1967 July 31
00:31 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1967 July 31
00:58 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1967 September 27
13:32 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark.- ESRO S26 / 1 Ionosphere / solar x-rays mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 183 km (113 mi).
1967 October 4
13:12 GMT - . Launch Site: Andoya. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Dragon 1.- ESRO D34 / 1 Solar x-ray / aeronomy mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 248 km (154 mi).
1967 October 4
13:23 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark.1967 October 7
10:32 GMT - . Launch Site: Andoya. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Dragon 1.- ESRO D30 / 1 Solar x-ray / aeronomy mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 233 km (144 mi).
1967 October 7
14:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark.- ESRO S26 / 2 Ionosphere / solar x-rays mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 164 km (101 mi).
1967 October 10
14:01 GMT - . Launch Site: Andoya. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Dragon 1. FAILURE: Failure.- ESRO D34 / 2 Solar x-ray / aeronomy mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 1.00 km (0.60 mi).
1967 October 10
14:33 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark.1967 November 24
01:37 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B. FAILURE: Failure.1967 November 26
20:44 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1967 December 6
21:21 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1968 February 1
05:42 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1968 February 4
05:33 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1968 March 6
21:35 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1968 March 26
23:41 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 1.1968 May 8
11:47 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1968 May 14
Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Belier III.1968 May 15
11:24 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 1.1968 May 17
02:06 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC5. LV Family: Scout. Launch Vehicle: Scout B.- ESRO 2B - . Payload: IRIS. Mass: 75 kg (165 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: ESRO. Decay Date: 1971-05-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 3233 . COSPAR: 1968-041A. Apogee: 1,085 km (674 mi). Perigee: 334 km (207 mi). Inclination: 97.20 deg. Period: 99.00 min.
1968 May 20
15:51 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1968 May 22
16:28 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Dragon 1. FAILURE: Failure.- ESRO D30 / 2 Ionosphere / solar x-rays mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 225 km (139 mi).
1968 June 7
15:25 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1968 June 8
21:01 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1968 July 30
22:53 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1968 August 12
12:04 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. LV Family: Arcas. Launch Vehicle: Boosted Arcas 2.1968 August 25
16:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. LV Family: Arcas. Launch Vehicle: Boosted Arcas 2.1968 October 3
20:49 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC5. LV Family: Scout. Launch Vehicle: Scout B.- ESRO 1A - . Payload: Aurorae. Mass: 81 kg (178 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: ESRO. Decay Date: 1970-06-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 3459 . COSPAR: 1968-084A. Apogee: 1,538 km (955 mi). Perigee: 258 km (160 mi). Inclination: 93.80 deg. Period: 103.00 min. Aurora, polar ionosphere investigations. .
1968 October 7
21:39 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3.- Ultraviolet telescope Ultraviolet astronomy mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 208 km (129 mi).
1968 October 8
11:42 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1968 October 15
16:32 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1968 November 1
04:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1968 November 1
04:59 GMT - . Launch Site: Andoya. LV Family: Arcas. Launch Vehicle: Sidewinder-Arcas. FAILURE: Failure.- Arcas VI PCA Ionosphere / plasma / field mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).
1968 November 22
11:16 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3 AC.1968 November 25
00:41 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1968 December 3
20:38 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3.- Ultraviolet telescope Ultraviolet astronomy mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 198 km (123 mi).
1968 December 5
18:55 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC17B. LV Family: Thor. Launch Vehicle: Thor Delta E1.- HEOS 1 - . Payload: HEOS A1. Mass: 108 kg (238 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft: HEOS. Decay Date: 1975-10-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 3595 . COSPAR: 1968-109A. Apogee: 202,780 km (126,000 mi). Perigee: 20,020 km (12,430 mi). Inclination: 60.50 deg. Period: 6,704.30 min. Highly Eccentric Orbiting Satellite; examined magnetic fields outside of Earth's magnetosphere. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). .
1969 February 25
14:21 GMT - . Launch Site: Andoya. LV Family: Arcas. Launch Vehicle: Sidewinder-Arcas.- ESRO A40 / 3 (R127) Ionosphere / plasma / field mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 86 km (53 mi).
1969 February 25
16:33 GMT - . Launch Site: Andoya. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1969 February 25
21:37 GMT - . Launch Site: Andoya. LV Family: Arcas. Launch Vehicle: Sidewinder-Arcas. FAILURE: Failure.- ESRO A40 / 4 Ionosphere / plasma / field mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 68 km (42 mi).
1969 February 25
23:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Andoya. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1969 March 15
20:54 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1969 March 15
22:31 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1969 April 13
08:43 GMT - . Launch Site: Andoya. LV Family: Arcas. Launch Vehicle: Sidewinder-Arcas.- ESRO A40 / 7 Ionosphere / plasma / field mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 51 km (31 mi).
1969 April 13
10:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Andoya. LV Family: Arcas. Launch Vehicle: Sidewinder-Arcas.- ESRO A40 / 5 Ionosphere / plasma / field mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 66 km (41 mi).
1969 April 14
17:11 GMT - . Launch Site: Andoya. LV Family: Arcas. Launch Vehicle: Sidewinder-Arcas.- ESRO A40 / 2 Ionosphere / plasma / field mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 59 km (36 mi).
1969 April 14
18:15 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B. FAILURE: Failure.1969 April 14
20:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Andoya. LV Family: Arcas. Launch Vehicle: Sidewinder-Arcas.- ESRO A40 / 6 Ionosphere / plasma / field mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 56 km (34 mi).
1969 April 15
11:03 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1969 June 5
19:28 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1969 July 5
19:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark.1969 July 6
19:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3.1969 July 11
19:42 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark.1969 July 13
19:41 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3.1969 August 11
01:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1969 August 14
02:01 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1969 October 1
22:29 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC5. LV Family: Scout. Launch Vehicle: Scout B. FAILURE: Partial Failure.. Failed Stage: 4.- ESRO 1B - .
Payload: Boreas. Mass: 80 kg (176 lb). Nation: Europe.
Agency: ESRO.
Class: Technology.
Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: ESRO.
Decay Date: 1969-11-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 4114 . COSPAR: 1969-083A. Apogee: 378 km (234 mi). Perigee: 298 km (185 mi). Inclination: 85.00 deg. Period: 91.30 min.
Ionospheric and auroral investigations; lower than planned orbit. Fourth satellite of ESRO. Also registered by the United States in A/AC.105/INF.220 as United States space object 1969-83A, with category B and orbital parameters 90.6 min, 280 x 339 km x 85.1 deg.
1969 October 5
22:28 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1969 October 10
20:01 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1969 October 17
22:27 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1969 October 24
05:44 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark.1969 November 10
21:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1969 November 27
05:29 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1969 November 27
06:31 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1970 January 24
14:27 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 1.- ESRO S56A / 1 Ionosphere / solar ultraviolet mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).
1970 February 4
05:26 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1970 February 6
19:42 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2 AC.- ESRO S44 / 1 Stellar ultraviolet Ultraviolet astronomy mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 211 km (131 mi).
1970 February 10
14:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: Woomera LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3 AC. FAILURE: Failure.1970 February 14
16:16 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1970 February 23
16:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.- ESRO C37 / 1 MPE Ba Ionosphere / barium release mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi).
1970 February 24
19:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1970 February 25
16:33 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1970 February 26
04:47 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1970 April 2
01:46 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1970 April 3
01:22 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1970 April 4
19:12 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1970 June 7
07:26 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1970 June 22
14:04 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2. FAILURE: Failure.1970 July 3
19:51 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 1.1970 July 8
19:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 1.1970 July 23
13:55 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 1.- ESRO S56A / 2 Ionosphere / solar ultraviolet mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 137 km (85 mi).
1970 July 24
03:26 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 1.1970 July 27
04:16 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 1.1970 August 9
23:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.- ESRO C58 / 2 Ionosphere / meteorites mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi).
1970 August 10
00:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1970 August 19
11:03 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1970 October 16
00:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: Woomera LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3 AC. FAILURE: Failure.1970 October 19
Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: Woomera LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3 AC. FAILURE: Failure.1970 October 27
20:34 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1970 October 29
21:39 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1970 December 6
11:13 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3.1971 January 8
15:02 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. LV Family: Skua. Launch Vehicle: Skua 2.1971 January 15
15:25 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. LV Family: Skua. Launch Vehicle: Skua 2.1971 January 17
14:48 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.- ESRO C37 / 2 MPE Ba Ionosphere / barium release mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 215 km (133 mi).
1971 January 17
16:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. LV Family: Skua. Launch Vehicle: Skua 2.1971 January 19
15:20 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Vehicle: Skua.1971 January 21
15:07 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. LV Family: Skua. Launch Vehicle: Skua 2.1971 January 23
15:53 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. LV Family: Skua. Launch Vehicle: Skua 2.1971 January 25
12:38 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.- ESRO C60 / 1 Chemical release / particles mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 175 km (108 mi).
1971 January 25
15:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. LV Family: Skua. Launch Vehicle: Skua 2.1971 January 26
10:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.- ESRO C60 / 2 Chemical release / particles mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 167 km (103 mi).
1971 January 26
13:22 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Vehicle: Petrel.1971 January 27
15:25 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. LV Family: Skua. Launch Vehicle: Skua 2.1971 January 27
23:02 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1971 January 28
18:33 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1971 January 29
17:21 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. LV Family: Skua. Launch Vehicle: Skua 2.1971 January 31
16:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. LV Family: Skua. Launch Vehicle: Skua 2.1971 February 3
18:12 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. LV Family: Skua. Launch Vehicle: Skua 2.1971 February 6
18:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3.1971 February 6
23:22 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3.1971 February 7
03:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3.1971 February 8
20:48 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. LV Family: Skua. Launch Vehicle: Skua 2.1971 February 9
18:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. LV Family: Skua. Launch Vehicle: Skua 2.1971 February 11
17:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. LV Family: Skua. Launch Vehicle: Skua 2.1971 February 12
17:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. LV Family: Skua. Launch Vehicle: Skua 2.1971 February 22
11:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: Woomera LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3 AC. FAILURE: Failure.1971 February 26
10:18 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3 AC. FAILURE: Failure.1971 March 2
21:14 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1971 March 11
08:56 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3 AC.1971 March 15
17:55 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1971 March 24
18:32 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1971 March 25
13:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. FAILURE: Failure.- ESRO S56B / 1 Ionosphere / solar ultraviolet / x-ray mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).
1971 May 14
Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 1.- ESRO S56B / 2 Ionosphere / solar ultraviolet / x-ray mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 190 km (110 mi).
1971 July 2
10:55 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3 AC.1971 July 30
Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Zenit C.1971 July 31
00:21 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2C.1971 August 1
00:09 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2C.1971 September 29
16:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: Woomera LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3.- ESRO S47 / 2 Ultraviolet astronomy mission - . Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi).
1971 October 12
Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: Woomera LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3.1971 October 20
09:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3 AC.1971 November 16
00:04 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2 AC. FAILURE: Failure.1971 November 22
20:07 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2B.1971 November 25
17:13 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1971 December 14
12:11 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1972 January 21
19:02 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2C.1972 January 22
00:58 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna C. LV Family: Belier. Launch Vehicle: Centaure 2C.1972 January 31
17:20 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC2E. LV Family: Thor. Launch Vehicle: Thor Delta L.- HEOS 2 - . Payload: HEOS A2. Mass: 123 kg (271 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft: HEOS. Decay Date: 1974-08-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 5814 . COSPAR: 1972-005A. Apogee: 240,164 km (149,230 mi). Perigee: 405 km (251 mi). Inclination: 89.90 deg. Period: 7,477.10 min. Highly Eccentric Orbiting Satellite; particles and fields data. Fifth satellite of ESRO. Also registered as US object 1972-05A in A/AC.105/INF.248 with orbit 7835.4 min, 439 x 248160 km x 90.2 deg, category B. .
1972 February 28
05:54 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3 AC.1972 February 28
09:47 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3 AC.1972 March 2
22:26 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 4.1972 March 12
01:55 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC2E. LV Family: Thor. Launch Vehicle: Thor Delta N.- TD-1A; Thor Delta 1A - . Payload: TD 1A. Mass: 472 kg (1,040 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: TD-1A. Decay Date: 1980-01-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 5879 . COSPAR: 1972-014A. Apogee: 550 km (340 mi). Perigee: 523 km (324 mi). Inclination: 97.60 deg. Period: 95.40 min. Sixth satellite of ESRO. Also registered as US object 1972-14A in A/AC.105/INF.255 with orbit 95.3 min, 525 x 548 km x 97.5 deg, category B. .
1972 March 24
23:31 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1972 March 30
01:25 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 4.1972 June 25
14:47 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3 AC.1972 September 24
21:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 4.1972 October 13
00:28 GMT - . Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: Kiruna S. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 2.1972 November 2
06:10 GMT - . Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: Woomera LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 6 AC.1972 November 20
04:54 GMT - . Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. LV Family: Skylark. Launch Vehicle: Skylark 3.1972 November 22
00:17 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC5. LV Family: Scout. Launch Vehicle: Scout D-1.- ESRO 4 - . Mass: 114 kg (251 lb). Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: ESRO. Decay Date: 1974-04-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 6285 . COSPAR: 1972-092A. Apogee: 1,173 km (728 mi). Perigee: 245 km (152 mi). Inclination: 91.10 deg. Period: 99.00 min. Polar ionosphere investigations. Seventh ESRO satellite. Mass 115 kg. Also registered by the United States as 1972-92A, in A/AC.105/INF.267, with orbital parameters 98.8 min, 244 x 1160 km x 91.1 deg, category B. .