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79,433 pages · 13,741 images · since 1994 Browse A–Z Today in space history
Encyclopedia Astronautica The full story of spaceflight

Encyclopedia Astronautica

Sky & Earth The International Space Station has had people living aboard without a break since November 2, 2000, which means anyone younger than 26 has never lived through a single day when every human being was on Earth Brendan Brown ·
ExplorationIn 1970 a Soviet robot probe drilled into the Moon and flew about 100 grams of soil back to Earth, and in 2018 three tiny grains from that sample, barely visible to the naked eye, sold at auction for $855,000Solar SystemMars is called the Red Planet, but if you stood on its surface most of the ground around you would look closer to butterscotch or caramel brown, because the red comes from a fine dust of rusted iron that coats everything and hangs in the airSky & EarthA Michigan man used a 22-pound rock as a doorstop on his farm for about 30 years before finally taking it to a geologist in 2018, and it turned out to be a meteorite worth around $100,000
November 7

Today in space history

  1. 1962Selection of Grumman to build the Apollo lunar excursion module
  2. 1968Ion concentration Ionosphere mission
  3. 1998Landing of STS-95
Full calendar

Exploration

Rockets, missions and the people who flew them
When Laika was launched on 3 November 1957 the world was told she had lived for days in orbit, but she died within hours as her cabin overheated, and one of the scientists who trained her later said the mission did not teach them enough to justify her deathVoyager 2, launched in 1977, is now about 13 billion miles from Earth, and because it left the planets heading south, only one antenna in the world can still send it commands, a 70-meter dish outside Canberra, AustraliaIn 1993 a video game designer paid $68,500 at Sotheby's for a Soviet rover that was still sitting on the Moon, and he later said that made him the only private person who owns something on another world

Solar System

The Sun, Moon, planets and everything orbiting with them
Apollo 11 left a silicon disc about the size of a half-dollar coin on the Moon, and etched onto it, shrunk 200 times too small to read without a microscope, are goodwill messages from the leaders of 73 countriesA cliff on Uranus’s moon Miranda is about six miles high, and because gravity there is less than 1% of Earth’s, anyone who stepped off the top would fall for around eight minutes and reach the bottom at roughly highway speedIn 1982 a Soviet probe survived at least 57 minutes on the surface of Venus, but the instrument built to test the planet's soil landed on the probe's own lens cap and measured that instead

Sky & Earth

All
In 1900 a monk in western China opened a hidden cave stuffed with tens of thousands of ancient scrolls, and among them was a paper chart showing more than 1,300 stars, the oldest complete star atlas known from any civilization, drawn around 1,300 years agoThe Moon looks enormous when it rises over the horizon, but it isn’t any bigger or any closer, and it is actually slightly farther away than when it sits high overhead, which means the giant moon you see is an illusion created by your own brain
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Every rocket, spacecraft and crew, in one archive

79,433 pages and 13,741 images compiled since 1994, the reference NASA's own history office has pointed researchers to.