FM-2

Russian phantom cosmonaut. Radiation phantom, instrumented anthromorphic dummy (with Gagarin's face!) used to measure radiation dose rates in circumlunar space. Flew to moon and back on Zond 7, 1969 and in earth orbit on Cosmos 368, 1970.

FM-2 was a true phantom - a phantom being a human-tissue-equivalent plastic dummy used in radiological studies. FM-2 was instrumented with detectors internally and externally to measure the radiation dose and dose rate a real person would experience during flight to the moon and earth orbit. The FM-2 phantom, complete with what looked like the face of Yuri Gagarin, flew into space twice. His first mission was aboard Zond 7 in August 1969. This was the only completely successful L1 spacecraft flight that could have returned cosmonauts alive or uninjured to earth. On August 11, 1969, FM-2 flew past the moon aboard Zond-7 at a distance of 1984.6 km. The Zond-7 conducted two picture taking sessions, then successfully accomplished a double-dip re-entry and landed 50 km from its aim point near Kustani in the USSR. FM-2 was reused on the six-day orbital flight of Cosmos 368 in October 1970. He was then pensioned off to a place of honor at the Polytechnic Museum, Moscow.