Sweden Credit - © Mark Wade

• Kiruna. Agency: ESRO. Operating Country: Europe. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: ESRANGE. Latitude: 67°53'38" N. Longitude: 21°06'25" E.

• Kronogard. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Norrbottens Lan. Latitude: 66°13' N. Longitude: 19°47' E.

• BAMSE. - surface-to-air missile - Development finalized in 1999.

• DWS 39. - air-to-surface missile - Mjölner glider

• RB 04. - anti-ship missile -

• Rb 04E. - anti-ship missile - Anti-ship

• Rb 05. - anti-ship missile - liquid, "general purpose" also used against airborne targets

• RB 08. - cruise missile -

• RB 315. - anti-ship missile -

• RB 53. - anti-tank missile -

• RB 70. - surface-to-air missile -

• RBS-15. - anti-ship missile - In service. Anti-ship; turbojet propulsion. RBS-15F and RBS-15M versions.

• RBS-17. - anti-ship missile - Anti-ship version of AGM-114C

• RBS-23. - anti-tank missile - BAMSE

• RBS-56 Bill. - anti-tank missile - Antitank. Top attack, proximity fuze. elev. flight path. In use in Sweden, Austria and Brazil. Night capable.

• RBS-70. - surface-to-air missile - Both portable and vehicle-mounted systems available. Night capable w/clip-on device.

• RBS-90. - surface-to-air missile - Night capable.

• Type 375. - anti-submarine missile -

• Astrid. - Earth Magnetosphere

• Astrid-2. - Earth Magnetosphere

• Freja. - Earth Magnetosphere

• Munin. - Technology

• Odin. - Astronomy Infrared

• Swedish Jerkin. - Manned Space Suits

• Viking (Sweden). - Earth Magnetosphere

• Fuglesang. - Arne Christer Fuglesang Swedish Engineer Cosmonaut. Born 18 March 1957. Number of Flights: 1.00. Total Time: 12.86 days.

1961 August 14 - 21:05 GMT - Launch Site: Kronogard. Launch Complex: J. Launch Vehicle: Arcas. LV Configuration: Arcas K61-1.

• Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC/NASA. Apogee: 91 km (56 mi). References: 1592. Level: 2.

• Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 70 km (43 mi). References: 1592. Level: 2.

• Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 105 km (65 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 105 km (65 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 109 km (67 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 111 km (68 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 126 km (78 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 128 km (79 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 126 km (78 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 89 km (55 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 81 km (50 mi). References: 1592. Level: 2.

• Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 96 km (59 mi). References: 1715. Level: 2.

• Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 99 km (61 mi). References: 1592. Level: 2.

• Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 97 km (60 mi). References: 1716. Level: 2.

• UJO-5 (Uppsala) Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 95 km (59 mi). References: 785. Level: 2.

• UJO-6 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 185 km (114 mi). References: 785. Level: 1.

• UJO-7 Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). References: 785. Level: 2.

• UJO-8 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi). References: 785. Level: 1.

• SNC 2A/1 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SNC 2B/2 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi). References: 1592. Level: 2.

• SNC 2A/3 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SNC 2A/4 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 118 km (73 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC S7 SNT 7/1 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC NNA 3 Meteorites mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 109 km (67 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC NNA 4 Meteorites mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 109 km (67 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC NNA 5 Meteorites mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 109 km (67 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC S7 SNT 7/2 Auroral mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 182 km (113 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC NNA 6 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 109 km (67 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC NNA 7 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 111 km (68 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC NNC 10 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 88 km (54 mi). References: 1592. Level: 2.

• SSC NNA 8 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 134 km (83 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC NNA 9 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 103 km (64 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC C111/2 Auroral mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 152 km (94 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC C111/1 Auroral mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC S10/1 (Substorm) Auroral mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 235 km (146 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC S10/2 (Substorm) Auroral mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 235 km (146 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC S16/2 Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 102 km (63 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC S13 Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 109 km (67 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC S16/1 Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 106 km (65 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC Range test mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 131 km (81 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC S17/1 M/Dtr Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 208 km (129 mi). References: 1055. Level: 1.

• SSC S18/1 D-Layer Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 105 km (65 mi). References: 1055. Level: 1.

• SSC S21/1 Trigger Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 160 km (90 mi). References: 1055. Level: 1.

• SSC S17/2 M/Dtr Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi). References: 1055. Level: 1.

• SSC S18/1 D Layer Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). References: 1055. Level: 1.

• SSC S22 Auroral Arc Auroral mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 212 km (131 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC AR-1 TRIGGER Auroral mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). References: 931. Level: 2.

• SSC S21/3 TRIGGER Auroral mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 220 km (130 mi). References: 1592. Level: 1.

• SSC AR-2 TRIGGER Auroral mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). References: 931. Level: 2.

• SSC S21/2 Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi). References: 1055. Level: 1.

• S19 Guidance test mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 374 km (232 mi). References: 1060. Level: 1.

• SSC S32 NLC-OBS Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 1096. Level: 1.

• SSC S26A Noctilucent Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 86 km (53 mi). References: 1062. Level: 2.

• SSC S26B Ion Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 72 km (44 mi). References: 1062. Level: 2.

• Substorm-GEOS Auroral mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 267 km (165 mi). References: 1065. Level: 1.

• Substorm-GEOS Auroral mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 266 km (165 mi). References: 1065. Level: 1.

• Substorm-GEOS Auroral mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 414 km (257 mi). References: 1065. Level: 1.

• SSC test mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 1097. Level: 1.

• SSC S27/2 Twilight B Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 931. Level: 1.

• SSC S29 Barium-GEOS Auroral/release mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 397 km (246 mi). References: 1066. Level: 1.

• EBC-A2 E6b Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC?. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 1076. Level: 1.

• EBC-A2 E6a Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC?. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 1076. Level: 1.

• OXYGEN Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). References: 1072. Level: 1.

• PIRAT Auroral mission? Agency: SSC. Apogee: 270 km (160 mi). References: 790. Level: 1.

• Auroral mission? Agency: SSC. Apogee: 496 km (308 mi). References: 1078. Level: 1.

• CAMP/Strafam Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 1072. Level: 1.

• CAMP-N Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 1072. Level: 1.

• CAMP/SOAP-1 Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 1072. Level: 1.

• CAMP-P Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 1072. Level: 1.

• CAMP/SOAP-2 Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 1072. Level: 1.

• CAMP Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 1072. Level: 1.

• AURELD-HIGH Auroral mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 494 km (306 mi). References: 1075. Level: 1.

• SSC SOAP/WINE Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 1099. Level: 2.

• SSC SOAP/WINE Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 1099. Level: 2.

• TOR Auroral mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 188 km (116 mi). References: 1077. Level: 1.

• Viking Payload: Spot 1 / Viking. Mass: 538 kg (1,186 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: Viking (Sweden). Agency: SSC. Perigee: 817 km (507 mi). Apogee: 13,524 km (8,403 mi). Inclination: 98.80 deg. Period: 261.60 min. COSPAR: 1986-019B. USAF Sat Cat: 16614. Studied magnetic, electric, UV properties of auroral regions. Scientific satellite for the investigation of space plasma physics in the part of the magnetosphere close to the Earth, particularly in connection with the auroral phenomena. The nominal mission period is eight months but an extension can be envisaged. ST /SG/SER.E/167: The satellite Viking has ceased to function on 12 May 1987 due to a gradual degradation of its electrical power supply system. The satellite remains, however, in Earth orbit.References: 1, 2, 5, 6. Level: 1.

• Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 295 km (183 mi). References: 1836. Level: 1.

• Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 318 km (197 mi). References: 1963. Level: 1.

• TELE-X Program: TELE. Payload: Tele X. Mass: 2,142 kg (4,722 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Agency: NSAB. Perigee: 36,061 km (22,407 mi). Apogee: 36,128 km (22,448 mi). Inclination: 4.30 deg. Period: 1,451.80 min. COSPAR: 1989-027A. USAF Sat Cat: 19919. Completed Operations Date: 1998-01-13. TV, business communications for Nordic countries; 5 deg E. High power telecommunications satellite with a dual mission; direct TV broadcasting and data communications. Four active transponders with two redundant; power output 200 W per transponder. Coverage area - East Nordic coverage zone as defined by ITU (WARC -77). Mission period estimated to be 6 to 8 years. Position 5 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg E in 1989-1998 As of 28 August 2001 located at 138.62 deg W drifting at 3.929 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 132.37W drifting at 3.933W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6. Level: 1.

• MASER 3 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 297 km (184 mi). References: 1963. Level: 1.

• Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 157 km (97 mi). Microgravity experiments. Recovered, although it reached only a fraction of the planned altitude. The MAXUS sounding rocket program began in 1989 and the first launch took place in 1991.The program was a joint venture between the Swedish Space Corporation and the German space company EADS-ST. The Maxus program was financed by ESA. The scientific objective was to perform experiments during 12-13 minutes of microgravity (10-4 g) using a single stage sounding rocket motor. The motor, a Castor 4B, had a maximum acceleration of 13 g, a top speed of 3500 m/sec and reached an apogee of around 750 km depending on the payload mass.References: 1910. Level: 1.

• Freja Payload: FSW-1 4 / Freja. Mass: 259 kg (570 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: Freja. Agency: SSC. Perigee: 590 km (360 mi). Apogee: 1,763 km (1,095 mi). Inclination: 63.00 deg. Period: 108.90 min. COSPAR: 1992-064A. USAF Sat Cat: 22161. Ionospheric, auroral, amgnetospheric studies. Freja is a Swedish/German satellite designed for research into the aurora. The satellite was launched piggyback on a Long March 2C (CZ-2C) rocket and weighs 214 kg in orbit. It is a sun-pointing spinner (10 rpm) with a 2.2 m diameter. It will make high re solution measurements in the upper ionosphere and lower magnetosphere. Data will be received at Esrange, Kiruna, Sweden and at the Prince Albert Satellite Station in Canada's Saskatchewan Province. Launch time 0620 UT.References: 1, 2, 5, 6. Level: 1.

• Freja Spacecraft: Freja. Agency: PRC. COSPAR: 1992-064xx. USAF Sat Cat: 22161. References: 279. Level: 1.

• MASER 6 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 243 km (150 mi). References: 1095. Level: 1.

• Hygrosonde Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 77 km (47 mi). References: 1924. Level: 1.

• Astrid Mass: 26 kg (57 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: Astrid. Agency: SSC. Perigee: 963 km (598 mi). Apogee: 1,027 km (638 mi). Inclination: 82.90 deg. Period: 105.00 min. COSPAR: 1995-002B. USAF Sat Cat: 23464. Auroral plasma and auroral imaging. References: 2, 5, 6. Level: 1.

• Test mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 89 km (55 mi). References: 1924. Level: 2.

• MASER 7 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 252 km (156 mi). References: 1582. Level: 1.

• Test mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 94 km (58 mi). References: 1924. Level: 2.

• Sirius 2 Program: Sirius. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 3000. Manufacturer: Aerospatiale, Cannes, France. Agency: NSAB. Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1997-071A. USAF Sat Cat: 25049. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 4.8E Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 4.81 deg E drifting at 0.001 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 4.77E drifting at 0.004W degrees per day. References: 4. Level: 1.

• TEXUS 36 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 238 km (147 mi). References: 1582. Level: 1.

• NLTE-1 Atomic 2A Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 134 km (83 mi). References: 1546. Level: 1.

• NLTE-2 Atomic 2B Ionosphere mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 134 km (83 mi). References: 1546. Level: 1.

• Sirius 3 Program: Sirius. Payload: Sirius 3. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Manufacturer: Hughes Space and Communications, El Segundo. Agency: NSAB. Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,790 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1998-056B. USAF Sat Cat: 25492. Geostationary at 23.5 degrees E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 28 deg E in 1998-1999; 5 deg E in 2000.- As of 5 September 2001 located at 5.04 deg E drifting at 0.003 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 4.97E drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.References: 279. Level: 1.

• Astrid-2 Mass: 30 kg (66 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: Astrid-2. Manufacturer: Swedish Space Corporation. Agency: SSC. Perigee: 978 km (607 mi). Apogee: 1,013 km (629 mi). Inclination: 83.00 deg. COSPAR: 1998-072B. USAF Sat Cat: 25568. Swedish Space Corporation micro-satellite Astrid-2 was ejected from the Nadezdha 5 COSPAS satellite at 15:25 GMT and was to measure the auroral electromagnetic fields and particle environment. Level: 1.

• MASER 8 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 260 km (160 mi). References: 1924. Level: 1.

• TEXUS 37 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 243 km (150 mi). References: 1924. Level: 1.

• TEXUS 38 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi). References: 1808. Level: 1.

• Munin Mass: 529 kg (1,166 lb). Class: Technology. Spacecraft: Munin. Manufacturer: Swedish Inst. for Space Physics, Kiruna. Agency: SISP. Perigee: 701 km (435 mi). Apogee: 1,797 km (1,116 mi). Inclination: 95.40 deg. Period: 110.50 min. COSPAR: 2000-075C. USAF Sat Cat: 26621. The small 6 kg Munin nanosatellite was built by Swedish students in collaboration with the Swedish Insitute for Space Physics (IRF) and carried a particle detector, a spectrometer, and an auroral camera. After deployment of EO-1 and SAC-C a fourth burn put the Delta second stage in a 697 x 1800 km x 95.4 deg orbit, after which Munin was ejected from the stage.References: 4, 552, 554. Level: 1.

• Odin Mass: 250 kg (550 lb). Class: Astronomy. Type: Infrared. Spacecraft: Odin. Manufacturer: Swedish Space Corp. Agency: Swedish Space Corp. (Sweden). Perigee: 622 km (386 mi). Apogee: 622 km (386 mi). Inclination: 97.83 deg. COSPAR: 2001-007A. USAF Sat Cat: 26702. Sweden's Odin scientific satellite carried a submillimeter wave astronomy instrument and a radiometer for atmospheric studies. The 1.1-meter reflector fed 500 GHz and 119 GHz radiometers and was used to study galactic molecular clouds, complementing NASA's SWAS satellite. The Odin satellite was designed and built by the Swedish Space Corporation (Svenska Rymdbolaget or Rymdaktiebolaget). SSC does most of its satellite design and construction in-house, although Saab made the antenna and carried out satellite final assembly. SSC was a goverment-owned company and a contractor for the Rymdstyrelsen (Swedish National Space Board).References: 4, 296, 552, 554. Level: 1.

• TEXUS 39 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 248 km (154 mi). References: 1879. Level: 1.

• Hygrosonde II Meteorological mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi). References: 1879. Level: 2.

• Hygrosonde II Meteorological mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi). References: 1879. Level: 2.

• Hygrosonde II Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). References: 1879. Level: 2.

• Hygrosonde II Meteorological mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi). References: 1879. Level: 2.

• Hygrosonde II Meteorological mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi). References: 1879. Level: 2.

• MASER 9 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 260 km (160 mi). References: 1879. Level: 1.

• TEXUS 40 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 246 km (152 mi). References: 1879. Level: 1.

• REXUS-2/ECOMA Education/Meteor mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 91 km (56 mi). The REXUS program was a joint project between the Swedish Space Corporation SSC, ESRANGE, and the Mobile Rocket Base (Moraba) of the German Aerospace Center DLR, conducted by newly founded EUROLAUNCH. The scientific payload capacity was shared between Swedish and German student experimenters. REXUS was considered as an annual sounding rocket program.References: 1879. Level: 2.

• TEXUS 41 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi). References: 1879. Level: 1.

• MASER 10 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 252 km (156 mi). Final flight of Skylark suborbital rocket. MASER 10 carried two biology experiments and three fluid physics experiments. The payload spent six minutes in microgravity and worked perfectly during the flight. Level: 1.

• TEXUS EML-1/TEXUS 42 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 263 km (163 mi). This was the first launch of the Brazilian sounding rocket VSB-30, replacing the British Skylark, from Esrange. The speed when leaving the launcher was about 60 m/s and after 45 seconds of acceleration the max speed was over 200 m/s. During the flight the experiments onboard spent approximately 6 minutes of microgravity and all experiments worked successfully. The payload was brought back for analysis at Esrange by helicopter within one hour after landing.References: 1879. Level: 1.

• Agency: DLR/SSC DLR/SSC Student. Apogee: 95 km (59 mi). Education References: 2. Level: 1.

• REXUS 3 Agency: SSC. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi). References: 1879. Level: 2.

• TEXUS 43 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 238 km (147 mi). The TEXUS 43 mission gave around six minutes of microgravity to the 407 kg payload contributed by five investigators from three different institutes References: 1879. Level: 1.