• Schmiedl. - sounding rocket - Friedrich Schmiedl used powder rockets to make regular rocket mail service between two Austrian towns from 1931 to 1933.

• Boehm. - Josef Maria Boehm Rocket engineer. Born 7 August 1908. Died 1 December 1973.

• Furrer. - Dr Reinhard Alfred Furrer German Payload Specialist Astronaut. Born 25 November 1940. Died 19 September 1995. Number of Flights: 1.00. Total Time: 7.03 days.

• Heiss. - Klaus P Heiss American Manager. Born 1942.

• Hellebrandt. - Emil A H, Hellebrandt Rocket engineer. Born 1 August 1914. Died 16 December 1981.

• Lothaller. - Clemens Lothaller Austrian Engineer Cosmonaut. Born 8 May 1963.

• Low George. - George M Low American Manager. Born 1926. Died 1984.

• Neuhoefer. - Kurt Kunibert Karlmann Neuhoefer Rocket engineer. Born 12 November 1903. Died 1 February 1973.

• Schmiedl. - Friedrich Schmiedl Austrian Engineer. Born 1902. Died 1994.

• Sendler. - Karl Sendler Rocket engineer. Born 19 August 1914.

• Shchukin. - Alexandr Vladimirovich Shchukin Belarusian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 19 January 1946. Died 18 August 1988.

• Steinhoff Ernst. - Ernst August Wilhelm Steinhoff Rocket engineer. Born 11 January 1908. Died 12 February 1987.

• Steurer. - Wolfgang Hermann Steurer Rocket engineer. Born 11 May 1913. Died 12 April 1986.

• Tessmann. - Bernhard Tessmann Rocket engineer. Born 15 August 1912. Died 19 December 1998.

• Tschinkel. - Johann G Tschinkel Rocket technician. Born 7 April 1907. Died 21 September 2004.

• Viehboeck. - Franz Artur Viehboeck Austrian Engineer Cosmonaut. Born 24 August 1960. Number of Flights: 1.00. Total Time: 7.93 days.

• Zborowski Helmut. - Count Helmut Zborowski Austrian Rocket engineer. Born 21 August 1905. Died 16 November 1969.

1923 -

• Hermann Oberth published Die Rakete zu den Planetenraumen (The Rocket into Planetary Space). Hermann Oberth published Die Rakete zu den Planetenraumen (The Rocket into Planetary Space), which contained the first serious proposal for a manned space station to appear in scientific literature rather than fiction. Oberth's study presented to the scientific community a broad treatise on the practicability and scientific value not only of manned permanent stations in orbit above the Earth, but also space flight in general. Oberth suggested a permanent station supplied by smaller rockets on a periodic basis and suggested rotation of the vehicle to produce an artificial gravity for the crew. Such a station, he said, could serve as a base for Earth observations, as a weather forecasting satellite, as a communications satellite, and as a refueling station for extraterrestrial vehicles launched from orbit.Level: 1.

• Hermann Noordung published Das Problem der Befahrung des Weltraums (The Problem of Space Flight). Spacecraft: Noordung. Hermann Noordung (the pseudonym for Captain Potocnik of the Austrian Imperial Army) published Das Problem der Befahrung des Weltraums (The Problem of Space Flight), which included one of the first serious attempts to put on paper the design of a manned space station. Noordung's proposed design consisted of a doughnut-shaped structure for living quarters, a power generating station attached to one end of the central hub, and an astronomical observation station. He was among the first to suggest a wheel-shaped design for a space station to produce artificial gravity, and also argued the scientific value of such a station in a synchronous orbit above the Earth. Level: 1.

• Von Pirquet writes on manned space travel. Writing in the monthly journal Die Rakete, Baron Guido von Pirquet presented broad arguments in favor of the scientific possibility of manned space travel and the velocities required for orbital and interplanetary flight, of which orbital speed was by far the more difficult to attain. Von Pirquet suggested several different space stations for diverse functions: one in a near-Earth orbit as primarily an observation site and another station in a much higher orbit that would be more suitable as an orbital refueling station for escape vehicles.Level: 1.

• Schmiedl attempts launch of balloon-lofted rockets. The first attempted launch of instrumented rockets from stratospheric balloons. These V1 and V2 rockets failed to ignite but Schmiedl's work anticipated the Van Allen Rockoon concept by twenty years. References: 17. Level: 1.

• Hermann Oberth published Wege zur Raumschiffahrt (Path to Space Travel) Hermann Oberth published Wege zur Raumschiffahrt, in which he greatly elaborated on ideas presented in his 1923 book. Oberth here presented several specific designs for orbital space stations, ranging from spherical living quarters for the crew to large reflective mirrors fabricated in orbit. Among several innovations were methods for fabrication in orbit, propulsion by particle emission, and small ferry vehicles to permit travel in the vicinity of the station. Such stations could be used for a variety of purposes, ranging from scientific observation sites to military installations.Level: 1.

• First rocket-mail. Apogee: 1.00 km (0.60 mi). Schmiedl launches his V7 post rocket with 100 letters aboard from Schoeckel bei Graz to Sankt Radegund, a distance of two kilometres. The 880 cm long rocket descended as planned by parachute . References: 17. Level: 1.

• First rocket-mail service. Apogee: 2.50 km (1.50 mi). Schmiedl's Post Rocket R1, with 333 letters aboard, is launched 5 km from the top of the Hochtroetsch to the town of Semriach. A month later the first return service rocket is launched at night from Semriach to Hochtroetsch. References: 17. Level: 1.

• Final Schmiedl rocket mail service. Apogee: 2.50 km (1.50 mi). Schmiedl conducts his final rocket mail 'service' with 379 letters aboard his S1 two-stage rocket over a distance of 5 km at Graz between Sankt Martin and Grazer Feld. References: 17. Level: 1.

• Saenger proposal to the Austrian Army Saenger proposes development of a rocket-powered hypersonic bomber. References: 47. Level: 1.

• Austrian Defence Ministry rejects Saenger's rocketplane proposal The Ministry rejects Saenger's prposed rocket bomber, on the grounds that liquid rocket engines will never be feasible due to the explosive nature of the chemical reactions involved. References: 47. Level: 1.

• Saenger rocket engine Saenger's Experiment Number 25 is the first to successfully sustain combustion. The water-cooled combustion chamber sustains an internal pressure of 15 atmospheres for 30 seconds. References: 47. Level: 1.

• Saenger studies fuel additives Saenger's engine experiments showed that lithium best improved motor performance in engines with liquid oxygen oxidiser. References: 47. Level: 1.

• Saenger motor Saenger's rocket engine achieves a sustained thrust of 30 kgf. Saenger is the first to observe shock diamonds in the exhaust. References: 47. Level: 1.

• Saenger paper on rocket-propelled aircraft Eugen Saenger published Neuere Ergebnisse der Rakenflugtechnik (New Possibilities for Rocket Flight Technology) in Vienna. However the dean of the Vienna Technische Hochschule prohibits Saenger from conducting any further rocket experiments. Level: 1.

• Rocket mail in Vienna The DRG (German Rocket Society) launched twelve of their small mail rockets from Vienna (Wien-Aspern) with 5000 postcards aboard. Level: 1.

• Austrian Commercial Cosmonaut Training Group selected. The group was selected to provide Austrian candidates for the Austromir mission to the Mir space station. Level: 1.