Chronology - Quarter 4 1993

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Previous Home Next 1993 October 4 - 17:45 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC36. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 9. LV Configuration: Black Brant IX NASA 36.107UE. NCAR / CU-4 Solar ultraviolet mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). References: 2. 1993 October 4 - 19:35 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Honest John. Model: Taurus Orion. LV Configuration: Taurus Orion NASA 33.062UE. Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2. 1993 October 5 - China breaks nuclear test moratorium Nation: China. 1993 October 5 - Astronaut Dr Karl Gordon Henize dies at age of 66 -- High altitude pulmonary edema while attempting to summit the north face of Mount Everest. Nation: USA. 1993 October 5 - 17:56 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC4W. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 2G. LV Configuration: Titan II SLV 23G-5 / M68B-65 / 63-7720. FAILURE: Star-37XFP-ISS kick-motor malfunction. Landsat 6 Nation: USA. Program: Landsat. Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Landsat 6. Agency: USAF AFMC. Apogee: 724 km (449 mi). COSPAR: F931005A. Decay Date: 1993-05-10. References: 5. 1993 October 8 - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: SULF. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Storm. BTTV-4 PAC-2 Target Target mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2. 1993 October 8 - 08:00 GMT - Launch Site: Jiuquan. Launch Complex: LA2B. Launch Pad: LA2B?. Launch Vehicle: CZ. Model: CZ-2C. LV Configuration: Chang Zheng 2C CZ2C-14 (31). FSW-1 No. 5 Nation: China. Payload: Jian Bing 93. Mass: 2,099 kg (4,627 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: FSW. Agency: CASC. Perigee: 181 km (112 mi). Apogee: 2,860 km (1,770 mi). Inclination: 56.60 deg. Period: 116.50 min. COSPAR: 1993-063A. USAF Sat Cat: 22859. Decay Date: 1993-10-28. The only FSW-1 mission conducted during 1993-1994 was launched into an orbit of 209 km by 300 km at an inclination of 57.0 deg. In addition to an Earth observation Payload, FSW-1 5 carried microgravity research equipment and a diamond-studded medallion commemorating the 100th anniversary of Chairman Mao Tse-Tung's birth. The spacecraft operated normally until 16 October when an attempt to recover the satellite failed. An attitude control system failure aligned the spacecraft 90 deg from its desired position, causing the re-entry capsule to be pushed into a higher elliptical orbit (179 km by 3031 km) instead of returning to Earth. Natural decay did not bring the capsule back until March 12, 1996. References: 2, 6. 1993 October 11 - 21:33 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U 77044270. Progress M-20 Nation: Russia. Program: Mir. Payload: Progress M s/n 220. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Logistics. Spacecraft: Progress M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 187 km (116 mi). Apogee: 226 km (140 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 88.60 min. COSPAR: 1993-064A. USAF Sat Cat: 22867. Duration: 40.48 days. Decay Date: 1993-11-21. Flight: Mir EO-14. Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir, carried a Raduga reentry capsule for return of experimental materials to earth. Docked with Mir on 13 Oct 1993 23:24:46 GMT. Undocked on 21 Nov 1993 02:38:43 GMT. Capsule landed in Kazakhstan on 21 Nov 1993 09:06:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.35 days. Total docked time 38.13 days. References: 2, 6, 275. VBK Raduga Nation: Russia. Program: Mir. Spacecraft: Progress M. Agency: VKS. COSPAR: 1993-064xx. Flight: Mir EO-14. References: 2, 279. 1993 October 18 - 14:53 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-58. STS-58 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: Columbia F15 / EDO. Mass: 10,517 kg (23,186 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Columbia. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 284 km (176 mi). Apogee: 294 km (182 mi). Inclination: 39.00 deg. Period: 90.30 min. COSPAR: 1993-065A. USAF Sat Cat: 22869. Duration: 14.01 days. Decay Date: 1993-11-01. Crew: Blaha, Fettman, Lucid, McArthur, Searfoss, Seddon, Wolf. Flight: STS-58. Biological, microgravity experiments aboard Spacelab 2. Payloads: Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS) 2, Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX) II. References: 2, 6, 7. Spacelab SLS 2 LM Nation: USA. Program: Spacelab. Payload: Spacelab Long Module. Class: Manned. Type: Spacelab. Spacecraft: Spacelab. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1993-065xx. USAF Sat Cat: 22869. Decay Date: 1993-11-01. References: 2, 279. EDO Nation: USA. Program: STS. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1993-065xx. USAF Sat Cat: 22869. Decay Date: 1993-11-01. References: 2, 279. 1993 October 21 - 01:46 GMT - Launch Site: El Arenosillo. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: INTA. Model: INTA-300B. LV Configuration: INTA-300B IAA. FEIROX / FEIROH Aeronomy mission Nation: Spain. Agency: INTA. Apogee: 154 km (95 mi). References: 2. 1993 October 22 - 06:46 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Ariane. Model: Ariane 44LP. LV Configuration: Ariane 44LP+ V60. Intelsat 701 Nation: International. Program: Intelsat. Payload: Intelsat 7 F 1. Mass: 3,650 kg (8,040 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,769 km (22,225 mi). Apogee: 35,802 km (22,246 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1993-066A. USAF Sat Cat: 22871. International communications. The Intelsat 7 and 7A series were nearly identical except for an increase in the number of Ku-band transponders in the 7A series. Spacecraft: 3-axis stabilised. Hydrazine propulsion system. Two large solar panels with 1-axis articulation provide 3900W BOL. Payload: 7: 26 C-Band and 10 Ku-Band transponders.18,000 telephone calls and 3 colour TV broadcasts simultaneously. Or up to 90,000 telephone circuits using digital circuit multiplication equipment (DCME).7A: 26 C-Band and 14 Ku-Band transponders.22,500 telephone calls and 3 colour TV broadcasts simultaneously. Or up to 112,500 telephone circuits using DCME. Three independently steerable, high-powered, Ku-band spot beams. Independently steerable C-band spot beam coverage. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 121 deg E in 1993; 174 deg E in 1994-1997; 180 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 6 September 2001 located at 179.91 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 179.97W drifting at 0.001E degrees per day. References: 2, 6. 1993 October 22 - 15:47 GMT - EVA Mir EO-14-4 Nation: Russia. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Space station. Spacecraft: Mir. Crew: Tsibliyev, Serebrov. Flight: Mir EO-14. EVA Duration: 0.0264 days. Retrieved micrometeoroid detectors. References: 66. 1993 October 26 - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC36. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Storm. BTTV-5 ERINT Mutimode Target mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2. 1993 October 26 - 10:00 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 65065-624. Cosmos 2265 Nation: Russia. Mass: 500 kg (1,100 lb). Class: Calibration. Spacecraft: Taifun-1Yu. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 290 km (180 mi). Apogee: 1,557 km (967 mi). Inclination: 82.90 deg. Period: 103.50 min. COSPAR: 1993-067A. USAF Sat Cat: 22875. Decay Date: 2003-08-11. Radar calibration mission. References: 2, 6. 1993 October 26 - 17:04 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Delta 7925. LV Configuration: Delta 7925 D223. USA 96 Nation: USA. Program: Navstar. Payload: GPS 2A-23 / GPS SVN 34. Mass: 1,816 kg (4,003 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: GPS Block 2 and 2A. Manufacturer: Boeing North American, Seal Beach (formerly Rockwell). Agency: USAF. Perigee: 20,104 km (12,492 mi). Apogee: 20,260 km (12,580 mi). Inclination: 55.10 deg. Period: 718.00 min. COSPAR: 1993-068A. USAF Sat Cat: 22877. Global Positioning System. Placed in Plane D Slot 4. References: 2, 6. 1993 October 28 - 15:17 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81/23. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 368-01. Gorizont 28 Nation: Russia. Payload: Gorizont s/n 40L. Mass: 2,125 kg (4,684 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Gorizont . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Inclination: 5.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1993-069A. USAF Sat Cat: 22880. Gorizont 28 replaced Gorizont 21 at 90 degrees E. This allowed Gorizont 21 to be repositioned from mid-November to late-December for the inauguration of a new station at 145 degrees E. As of 6 September 2001 located at 96.68 deg E drifting at 0.011 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 116.96E drifting at 0.001E degrees per day. References: 2, 6, 67, 111, 274. 1993 October 29 - 13:38 GMT - EVA Mir EO-14-5 Nation: Russia. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Space station. Spacecraft: Mir. Crew: Tsibliyev, Serebrov. Flight: Mir EO-14. EVA Duration: 0.17 days. Installed equipment on exterior of Mir References: 66. 1993 October 31 - Cosmonaut Anatoli Fyodorovich Voronov dies at age of 63 -- Natural causes. Nation: Russia. 1993 November 1 - Air Force Space Command Space Warfare Center (SWC) activated at Falcon AFB, Colorado, to foster improved space support to warfighters. Nation: USA. References: 569. 1993 November - International Space Station Nation: Russia. Spacecraft: Mir-2, International Space Station, Space Station Freedom. Cost escalation of the US Space Station Freedom, and financial difficulties in Russia, led to a summer 1993 briefing of NASA by NPO Energia on Mir-2. In November 1993 Freedom, Mir-2, and the European and Japanese modules were incorporated into a single International Space Station. 1993 November 1 - Landing of STS-58 Nation: USA. Program: Spacelab. Flight: STS-58. STS-58 landed at 15:05 GMT. 1993 November 2 - 12:10 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 53735-608. Cosmos 2266 Nation: Russia. Mass: 825 kg (1,818 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Parus. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 947 km (588 mi). Apogee: 1,020 km (630 mi). Inclination: 83.00 deg. Period: 104.80 min. COSPAR: 1993-070A. USAF Sat Cat: 22888. Military navigation satellite. Positioned in plane 1 of constellation. Signals at 149.97 and 399.92 MHz. References: 2, 6, 107. 1993 November 3 - Launch Site: Biscarosse. Launch Complex: BLB. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: SSBS. Model: SSBS S3. LV Configuration: SSBS S3 26011. Operational test Nation: France. Agency: DMA. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2. 1993 November 4 - 07:07 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: S. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 7. LV Configuration: Skylark 7 MASER 6. MASER 6 Microgravity mission Nation: Sweden. Agency: SSC. Apogee: 243 km (150 mi). References: 2. 1993 November 5 - 08:25 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U2. Cosmos 2267 Nation: Russia. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 228 km (141 mi). Apogee: 281 km (174 mi). Inclination: 70.40 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1993-071A. USAF Sat Cat: 22904. Duration: 418.00 days. Decay Date: 1994-12-28. Photo/digital surveillance. References: 2, 6. 1993 November 17 - Launch Site: Natal. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Sonda. Model: Sonda 3. LV Configuration: Sonda 3 XV-25. Ionosphere mission Nation: Brazil. Agency: IAE. Apogee: 555 km (344 mi). References: 2. 1993 November 18 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Trident. Model: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 DASO. PGW test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2. 1993 November 18 - 13:54 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81/23. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 367-01. Gorizont 29 Nation: Russia. Payload: Gorizont s/n 41L. Mass: 2,125 kg (4,684 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Gorizont . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 35,800 km (22,200 mi). Apogee: 35,835 km (22,266 mi). Inclination: 5.00 deg. Period: 1,437.70 min. COSPAR: 1993-072A. USAF Sat Cat: 22907. Gorizont 29 (18 November 1993) and 30 (20 May 1994) were launched for Rimsat, Ltd., to provide communications services in the Pacific region under an agreement signed in 1992 between Rimsat and the Applied Mechanics NPO. Gorizont 29 was located at 130 degrees E in accordance with a lease arrangement with Rimsat Corporation (using slots allocated to Tonga by the International Telecommunications Union). Intended for use under commercial conditions. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 130 deg E in 1993-1997; 161 deg E in 1997-1998; 130 deg E in 1999. As of 5 September 2001 located at 130.39 deg E drifting at 0.011 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 168.05E drifting at 0.374W degrees per day. References: 2, 6, 67, 111, 274. 1993 November 20 - 01:17 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Ariane. Model: Ariane 44LP. LV Configuration: Ariane 44LP+ V61. Solidaridad 1 Nation: Mexico. Program: Morelos. Mass: 2,776 kg (6,120 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: Tele Mex. Perigee: 35,766 km (22,223 mi). Apogee: 35,811 km (22,251 mi). Inclination: 1.50 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. COSPAR: 1993-073A. USAF Sat Cat: 22911. Stationed at 109.2 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 109 deg W in 1993-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 101.71 deg W drifting at 0.010 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 102.54W drifting at 0.027W degrees per day. References: 2, 6. Meteosat 6 Nation: Europe. Payload: MOP 3. Mass: 704 kg (1,552 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: Meteosat. Agency: ESA. Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Inclination: 2.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1993-073B. USAF Sat Cat: 22912. Stationed at 0 deg. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg W in 1994-1997; deg W in 1997-1998; 9 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 9.14 deg W drifting at 0.012 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 36.89E drifting at 0.610E degrees per day. References: 2, 6. 1993 November 25 - Cosmonaut Vladimir Yevgenyevich Preobrazhensky dies at age of 54 -- Killed in auto crash. Nation: Russia. 1993 November 26 - 11:00 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: S. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 7. LV Configuration: Skylark 7 DLR K-GR-205. TEXUS 31 Microgravity mission Nation: USA. Agency: DASA. Apogee: 257 km (159 mi). References: 2. 1993 November 28 - 23:40 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC36A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas II. LV Configuration: Atlas II AC-106 / Centaur II 8106. USA 97 Nation: USA. Program: DSCS. Payload: DSCS III B-10. Mass: 2,615 kg (5,765 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: DSCS III. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Apogee: 35,501 km (22,059 mi). Inclination: 26.40 deg. Period: 625.40 min. COSPAR: 1993-074A. USAF Sat Cat: 22915. Launch vehicle put payload into geosynchronous transfer orbit with GCS trajectory option. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 52 deg W in 1995; 60 deg E in 1997. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 2, 6, 278. 1993 November 29 - 09:30 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Model: Nike Improved Orion. LV Configuration: Nike Improved Orion DLR K-NO2-206. Mini-Texus 1 Microgravity mission Nation: Germany. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 146 km (90 mi). References: 2. 1993 November 30 - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC36. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Storm. BTTV-6 ERINT GTF-2 Target mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2. 1993 December 1 - Launch Site: Sea-launched. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: UNKPL. Launch Vehicle: R-29. Model: Volna. LV Configuration: Volna VMF RF. Operational test Nation: Russia. Agency: VMF RF. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2. 1993 December 1 - Launch Site: Pacific Ocean. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 40.0 N x 170.0 E. Launch Vehicle: R-27. Model: Zyb. Efir Nation: Russia. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). Payload was the 650-kilogram Efir reentry vehicle with the 80-kilogram Meduza biomedical zero-G experiment. The capsule was recovered, the experiment was successful. References: 2. 1993 December 2 - 09:27 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-61. STS-61 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: Endeavour F05 / FSS. Mass: 8,011 kg (17,661 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Endeavour. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 291 km (180 mi). Apogee: 576 km (357 mi). Inclination: 28.50 deg. Period: 93.30 min. COSPAR: 1993-075A. USAF Sat Cat: 22917. Duration: 10.83 days. Decay Date: 1993-12-13. Crew: Akers, Bowersox, Covey, Hoffman, Musgrave, Nicollier, Thornton. Flight: STS-61. Manned seven crew. Hubble repair mission. Conducted the most EVAs (5) on a Space Shuttle Flight to that date. Payloads: Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Servicing Mission (SM) 1, IMAX Camera, IMAX Cargo Bay Camera (ICBC), Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS). References: 2, 6, 7. SAC Nation: USA. Program: STS. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1993-075xx. USAF Sat Cat: 22917. Decay Date: 1993-12-13. References: 2, 279. ORUC Nation: USA. Program: STS. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1993-075xx. USAF Sat Cat: 22917. Decay Date: 1993-12-13. References: 2, 279. FSS Nation: USA. Program: STS. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1993-075xx. USAF Sat Cat: 22917. Decay Date: 1993-12-13. References: 2, 279. 1993 December 5 - 03:44 GMT - EVA STS-61-1 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Endeavour, HST. Crew: Hoffman, Musgrave. Flight: STS-61. EVA Duration: 0.33 days. Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 1 - gyroscope replacement. References: 66. 1993 December 6 - 03:29 GMT - EVA STS-61-2 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Endeavour, HST. Crew: Thornton, Akers. Flight: STS-61. EVA Duration: 0.28 days. Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 1 - solar array replacement. References: 66. 1993 December 7 - 03:35 GMT - EVA STS-61-3 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Endeavour, HST. Crew: Hoffman, Musgrave. Flight: STS-61. EVA Duration: 0.28 days. Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 1 - WFPC-P installation. References: 66. 1993 December 8 - 00:48 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Delta 7925. LV Configuration: Delta 7925 D224. USA 98 Nation: NATO. Program: NATO. Payload: NATO 4B. Mass: 1,430 kg (3,150 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Agency: NATO. Perigee: 35,767 km (22,224 mi). Apogee: 35,805 km (22,248 mi). Inclination: 2.20 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1993-076A. USAF Sat Cat: 22921. NATO encrypted communications relay. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 6 deg E in 1994-1998; 20 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 20.16 deg W drifting at 0.009 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 35.47E drifting at 0.007E degrees per day. References: 2, 6. 1993 December 8 - 03:13 GMT - EVA STS-61-4 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Endeavour, HST. Crew: Thornton, Akers. Flight: STS-61. EVA Duration: 0.28 days. Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 1 - COSTAR installation. References: 66. x - 03:30 GMT - EVA STS-61-5 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Endeavour, HST. Crew: Hoffman, Musgrave. Flight: STS-61. EVA Duration: 0.31 days. Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 1 - solar array drive replacement. References: 66. 1993 December 13 - Landing of STS-61 Nation: USA. Flight: STS-61. STS-61 landed at 05:25 GMT. 1993 December 16 - 00:38 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC36B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas IIAS. LV Configuration: Atlas IIAS AC-108 / Centaur II 8201. Telstar 401 Nation: USA. Program: Telstar. Mass: 3,375 kg (7,440 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 7000. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Agency: AT&T. Perigee: 35,759 km (22,219 mi). Apogee: 35,821 km (22,258 mi). Inclination: 4.30 deg. Period: 1,436.30 min. COSPAR: 1993-077A. USAF Sat Cat: 22927. Completed Operations Date: 1997-01-11. Stationed at 97 deg W. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). Launch vehicle put payload into geosynchronous transfer orbit with IFR trajectory option. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 97 deg W in 1994-1997 As of 5 September 2001 located at 100.42 deg W drifting at 0.039 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 97.36W drifting at 0.024W degrees per day. References: 2, 6, 278. 1993 December 17 - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: SULF. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Storm. MTTV-1 ERINT Demo Target mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2. 1993 December 18 - 01:27 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Ariane. Model: Ariane 44L. LV Configuration: Ariane 44L+ V62. DBS 1 Nation: USA. Program: DirecTV. Mass: 2,860 kg (6,300 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: DirecTV. Perigee: 35,775 km (22,229 mi). Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1993-078A. USAF Sat Cat: 22930. Stationed at 101.2 deg W. DirecTV, Inc. is a subsidiary of Hughes Communications and offers commercial satellite television service to the US. The orbital part of the system consists of 3 Hughes-built geosynchronous satellites. Broadcast services began in mid-1994. Competitors include the similar Primestar and USSB services, as well as older C-band satellite services and cable TV companies. Spacecraft: DirecTV uses the Hughes HS-601 spacecraft design.3-Axis stabilised, zero momentum biased control system. Two solar arrays (4 panels each side) span 31 meters and generate 4.3 kW power. Payload: The 2.5 m diameter graphite transmit reflector performs beam shaping.16 x 120 watt Ka-Band (12.2 - 12.7 GHz) transponders with 48-53 dBw EIRP and 24 MHz bandwidth. Power is higher in areas with heavy rain. The high power combined with Reed Solomon error correction coding allow the use of small 18 inch antennas by customers. Financial/Operational: FCC approved Direct Broadcast Satellites in 1986. By 1997 DirecTV had 2.6 million of 5.0 million US direct broadcast television subscribers. Direct Broadcast Satellites cost $ 175 million each and have 150 video channels. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 101 deg W in 1994-1999; 110 deg W in 1999-2000 As of 6 September 2001 located at 109.78 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 72.51W drifting at 0.011W degrees per day. References: 2, 6. Thaicom Nation: Thailand. Program: Thaicom. Mass: 1,080 kg (2,380 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: Shinawat. Perigee: 35,783 km (22,234 mi). Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1993-078B. USAF Sat Cat: 22931. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 78 deg E in 1994-1997; 120 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 120.00 deg E drifting at 0.017 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 119.92E drifting at 0.025W degrees per day. References: 2, 6. 1993 December 22 - 20:37 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43/3. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M-ML. Molniya 1-87 Nation: Russia. Program: Molniya. Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,668 km (1,036 mi). Apogee: 38,716 km (24,056 mi). Inclination: 64.50 deg. Period: 718.40 min. COSPAR: 1993-079A. USAF Sat Cat: 22949. Operation of the long range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system. Replaced Molniya 1-77. References: 2, 6. Previous Home Next Contact us with any corrections, additions, or comments. Conditions for use of drawings, pictures, or other materials from this site.. To contact astronauts or cosmonauts. © Mark Wade, 1997 - 2008 except where otherwise noted.